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Topic: Municipalities of Oaxaca

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	Oaxaca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Mexican state of Oaxaca (Pronounced wa-HA-ka) is in the south west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
		Oaxaca borders the states of Guerrero to the west, Puebla to the north west, Veracruz to the north, and Chiapas to the east.
		Oaxaca er det historiske hjem for zapoteker- og mixteker-folkene.
	quesadilla.de.ogarnij.com /en/Oaxaca (1587 words)

	Oaxaca: State Profile
		Oaxaca is the state with the highest rate of infant mortality: 38 /1000 live births.
		Although the municipality was the first link between indigenous communities and Colonial authorities and later the Nation State, it has also been the arena where the communities defended their territorial rights and fought for their own forms of government.
		Oaxaca has a vast wealth of these but there is a need for studies, resources, and a clear strategy to define priorities and to establish the right kind of production system, accompanied by the education and training of community technical advisors and the search for markets.
	cdi.gob.mx /ini/perfiles/estatal/oaxaca/00_summary.htm (1929 words)

	Geography. Oaxaca
		Oaxaca is one of the states of the Mexican Republic.
		Oaxaca is the largest state in central and southern Mexico; it covers an area of 93,136 square kilometers.
		Oaxaca lies in the south of the country and is bordered to the north by Puebla and Veracruz; to the east, by Chiapas; to the south, by the Pacific Ocean, and to the west, by Guerrero.
	www.elbalero.gob.mx /kids/explora/html/oaxaca/geografia.html (237 words)

	Oaxaca: Chinantecos Monograph
		The pasture grazing areas, concentrated in the municipalities of Jocotepec, Lalana and Ojitlan, grew from 153,500 hectares in 1970 to 340,000 in 1988.
		Oaxaca is unique in Mexico in that the state legal system recognizes the authority of indigenous government and authorizes municipalities that prefer to govern themselves through the customary system of consensus, rather than the democratic system of election of authorities by majority vote.
		In the municipalities where the authorities are elected by vote, the PRI party dominates, although since the 80’s there has been a gradual penetration of other political parties.
	cdi.gob.mx /ini/perfiles/perfiles/chinantecos/00_summary.html (3637 words)

	oaxaca.html
		Instead, as is allowed by Oaxaca state law, they choose their leaders through usage and customs (usos y costumbres), local practices rooted in indigenous systems of community service which give particular importance to the judgment of elders, open assemblies, and consensus.
		About half of the municipalities governed by usos y costumbres held general assemblies to deliberate whether to allow voting stations in their communities.
		Impunity contributes to the climate of militarization and intimidation in Oaxaca.
	globalexchange.org /countries/americas/mexico/election2000/oaxaca.html (2328 words)

	Interview with Gustavo Esteva: The Society of the Different / Part 2 / Global Eyes / In Motion Magazine
		Not only here in Oaxaca, but almost in the whole of the American continent, when the people are saying that we are people of corn, they are having a kind of empirical description of their own history.
		The essence of the manifesto is that we declare Oaxaca territory free from transgenics.
		Because of the struggle to have the municipality -- that was created by the Spaniards as a tool of control of the people / it was the decentralization of the administration to have control of the people -- used by the people to regain control of their lives.
	www.inmotionmagazine.com /global/gest_int_2.html (6698 words)

	Mexico - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most of the regional ethnicities of Mexico were represented in the city, such as Zapotecs from the Oaxaca region.
		Judging by the proportion of people speaking indigenous languages, the states with the highest proportion of indigenous people are Yucatán (37.3%), Oaxaca (37.1%), Chiapas (24.6%) and Quintana Roo (23%).
		The lowest levels are found in Chiapas (72.9), Oaxaca (73.2) and Guerrero (73.2 years), although the first two have had the highest increase (19.9 and 22.3% respectively).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mexico (8894 words)

	Oaxaca, Mexico - Southern Indigenous State
		Oaxaca accounts for nearly 5 percent of Mexico's territory and has more municipalities than any other state in the republic.
		Zapotec culture reached its height in the Oaxaca region from the 3rd through the 10th centuries, while Mixtec culture was most prominent from about AD 1000 until the Spanish conquest in 1521.
		By the 1980s and 1990s, Oaxaca was one of Mexico's poorest states, having some of the nation's highest rates of illiteracy, malnutrition, and infant mortality, especially among its Native American population.
	allbutt.net /places/mexico/oaxaca.html (713 words)

	Listening to the old stones of Oaxaca
		Maya supporters of the Zapatistas have declared "autonomous municipalities," which they say are authorized by the 1996 accords.
		The autonomous municipalities demanded by Maya villagers in Chiapas are similarly seeking to govern themselves according to their traditions, but so far plantation-like power structures have denied them their rights.
		As critical as local democratic autonomy is to resolving Mexico's conflicts, though, it is not sufficient to tackle the structural economic problems plaguing the region.
	fuentes.csh.udg.mx /CUCSH/Sincronia/listenin.html (1226 words)

	The Oaxaca Hotel Group: History of Oaxaca
		Oaxaca is the site of the Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, which has buildings throughout the city center.
		The major highways serving Oaxaca are Federal Highways 175 and 131, southwards to the Oaxacan coastal resorts; National Highways 190 and 125, southwest to Pinotepa Nacional, Guerrero; National Highways 190 and 130, to Mexico City; the autopista 150D/131D, offering a more rapid route to Mexico City; and National Highway 175 north to Veracruz, Veracruz.
		Oaxaca is the name of both a state in Mexico and that state's capital city.
	www.oaxaca-hotel-group.com /more-about-oaxaca/oaxaca2.htm (1237 words)

	Welcome to Oaxaca Journal - Investigation -
		In the state of Oaxaca the Region producer of the Mezcal is integrated by the municipalities of Alone of Vega, Miahuatlán, Yautepec, Santiago Matatlán Tlacolula, Ocotlán, Ejutla, and Zimatlán.
		The mezcal is a colorless or lightly yellow liquid if it is rested, I process that has place during its storage in casks of white oak or encino.
		The State government of Oaxaca and the National Bank of External Trade, S.N.C., they link to the companies envasadoras with potential clients, apoyádose in the participation of fairs, commercial missions and financing for the production and sale in the exterior.
	www.oaxaca.com /miembros/journal/ingles/investigation.html (1180 words)

	The Washington Times - Oaxaca & Guerrero
		In terms of education, the number of illiterate adults was reduced by 19.4 percent through reading programs; 961 educational centers, laboratories and or annexes were built; 72 pre-schools were opened and the matriculation of children ages 6-14 enrolling in school grew 6 percent.
		Oaxaca does not have the same number or frequency of flights that other tourist destinations in the Mexican republic have and tickets can be expensive.
		The City of Oaxaca, the state's major tourist attraction, is making great strides in tourism infrastructure, which, in turn, is providing numerous jobs.
	www.internationalspecialreports.com /archives/00/oaxaca (842 words)

	The State of Oaxaca, Mexico
		The name "Oaxaca" stems from the náhuatl word Huaxyacac, meaning "on the nose of the gourds".
		Oaxaca is divided into 570 municipalities, with a total population of some 3.3 million inhabitants, of which over two million are of indigenous groups.
		Oaxaca City - Capital of the State of Oaxaca, Oaxaca city is rich in colonial architecture as well as native crafts and culture.
	surf-mexico.com /states/Oaxaca (681 words)

	Teachers in Oaxaca threaten to derail PRI \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		OAXACA, Mexico – A teachers strike in Oaxaca threatens to end PRI candidate Roberto Madrazo's chances of winning Mexico's presidency and give leftist Andrés Manuel López Obrador the edge he needs to win the election.
		Teachers wield considerable influence in Oaxaca, where 80 percent of the land is communal and 14 languages besides Spanish are spoken.
		In 80 of Oaxaca's 570 municipalities, teachers serve as mayor.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20060628/news_1n28pri.html (788 words)

	Rights for indigenous seen preventing war \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		The relationship between indigenous groups and the government in Mexico's Oaxaca state may not have broken into open conflict as it did in Chiapas in part because of constitutional changes Oaxaca had enacted, an expert on the issue says.
		Many of the municipal seats of power in Chiapas were in towns run by non-Indians, Anaya Muñoz said.
		In Oaxaca, there is a "usages and customs" tradition that the state government formally granted to Indian communities, he said.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20050306/news_1n6oaxaca.html (233 words)

	SAAweb - Publications
		In November, 1976, the Oaxaca Regional Center initiated a proposal for a new boundary study of Monte Alban, this time with the research support of Mark Winter and execution by topographic engineer Francisco Cordero.
		This boundary study was ordered personally by President Luis Echeverria Alvarez on a visit to Oaxaca, as during his visit to Monte Alban INAH officials alerted him to the issue of the invasion of archaeological lands (Manuel Esparza, personal communication, 1995).
		This boundary revision required a general walking survey by staff of the Public Registry and by municipal and ejido officials to identify boundary markers in related to the properties affected (Paredes 1992, Archives of INAH CRO).
	www.saa.org /Publications/oaxaca/Chapter4/Chapter4-2.html (2092 words)

	austin indymedia: Oaxaca Explodes
		This act is yet another piece of evidence of the repression that governor Ulises Ruiz Ortiz has orchestrated against those who disagree with policies that violate human rights and those who stand up to denounce social injustice and the state of siege lived in today.
		Due to the destruction of Radio Plantón, groups of students and teachers took over Radio Universidad, the station of the Independent University Benito Juárez of Oaxaca, and are transmitting minute by minute what is happening in the streets of the city.
		For this reason, the teacher´s movement, social organizations, and a great number of inhabitants of the city hold the governor of Oaxaca, Ulises Ruiz Ortiz responsible of the chaos and the violence currently affecting the most indigenous state of the country.
	austin.indymedia.org /newswire/display/34126/index.php (1158 words)

	ZNet \| Chiapas \| The Mexican State on Trial
		Starting in June of last year, more than 330 indigenous municipalities in Oaxaca, Chiapas, Guerrero, Veracruz, Puebla, Morelos, the State of Mexico, MichoacÃ¡n and Jalisco filed constitutional objections, asking the Supreme Court to invalidate the so-called "indigenous law," which was approved by the Congress of the Union and a majority of state legislatures.
		The zapatista consulta got more votes in Oaxaca than even JosÃ© Murat got for governor (in the entire country, close to three million citizens voted in the EZLN consulta)." Because of that, he warned: "Even though the arguments that the Court will use will be legal, its decision will be political.
		As a consequence of the constitutional reform, Herrera argues, "the form of organization and municipal autonomy was altered, contained in Article 115 of the Constitution and in the organic laws of the petitioning municipalities, without the legislators having given them an opportunity to participate in the discussion and approval process in defense of their interests."
	www.zmag.org /content/Chiapas/cuevas-mex-state-on-trial.cfm (1947 words)

	Tropical Storm José Death Toll Hits 11
		The tropical storm clobbered the nation this week, with widespread flooding that caused damage and deaths in Veracruz, as well as in the states of Oaxaca and Michoacan.
		The high levels of precipitation have caused seven rivers to overflow, provoking floods in 140 municipalities.
		In Oaxaca, 11 people have been reported dead, and three were still missing as of Friday.
	www.banderasnews.com /0508/nr-flooding.htm (298 words)

	Oaxaca
		Oaxaca is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Long a bastion of Roman Catholicism, the rites of which are frequently syncretized with indigenous practices and beliefs, in recent years southern Mexico has seen major inroads by various protestant and evangelical churches.
		More of current day Chiapas was transferred after the disintegration of the Central American Federation in 1842, and the remainder of the current state taken from Guatemala i...
	www.experiencefestival.com /oaxaca (1126 words)

	Oaxaca & Indigenous Law
		For a time, early in 1998, the state of Oaxaca was taken as a show-case, a demonstration that it was possible and practical to recognize indigenous identity within the framework of a modern nation.
		In Chiapas, government forces were acting to suppress new "autonomous municipalities" that looked like what the Oaxaca changes were supposed to support.
		Soon the state of Quintana Roo was moving toward the same moderate adjustment that Oaxaca had undertaken.
	www.sonic.net /~buscador/Oaxaca2.htm (656 words)

	Oaxaca Times Article: The Mescal Resistance
		The GEA (Group for Environmental Studies) in Chilapa, Guerrero estimated that in Guerrero alone four municipalities produce close to 40,000 litres of mezcal, which provides up to 3000 jobs and an annual income of 20,000$ (USD).
		In fact, mezcal production remained illegal in Oaxaca until the early 1800s and some states would not see a lift on the ban until the twentieth century.
		An idle stroll through the Zona Centro of Oaxaca City is sure to take one past a minimum of five, if not more, mezcal vendors.
	www.oaxacatimes.com /html/mezcalresistance.html (1347 words)

	Where the Blog has No Name: Teachers strike, political violence in Oaxaca
		OAXACA CITY: In a scene that is starting to look all too familiar in Mexico, the police attempted to disrupt the Oaxaca teachers strike in downtown Oaxaca City this morning.
		Tens of thousands of striking teachers occupy the center of Oaxaca city, sprawled out under camp tents, on top of cardboard cartons, on stairs and walls and benches.
		Oaxaca Governor Ulises Ruiz Ortíz has called in Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) obligations in more than half the municipalities of Oaxaca and obtained signed condemnation of the teachers, along with their demands to control education at the municipal level, from more than 250 municipal mayors, which means breaking the union.
	weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca /ross/archives/028078.html (564 words)

	Narco News: Oaxaca Near Meltdown Over Teacher Strike
		For twenty-seven years the teachers union has been trying to wrest sufficient funds from Oaxaca governors to aid poverty-ridden towns where class-rooms of cardboard and laminated plastic roofs, without sanitary facilities, are common.
		The Indian Organizations for Human Rights in Oaxaca (OIDHO) expressly state that their participation is as adherents of the Other Campaign.
		The Oaxaca newspaper Las Noticias reports that the board of the National Coordinator of Education Workers is meeting in Oaxaca, and other social organizations like the macheteros of Atenco, machetes in hand, plan to join the march of the Oaxaca teachers to aid their fellow and sister Other Campaign adherents.
	www.narconews.com /Issue41/article1874.html (1669 words)

	POLITICAL - Online Information article about POLITICAL
		Leon, however, is divided into municipios only, while some other states use entirely different titles for the divisions, the larger being described as departamentos, cantons and municipios, and the smaller as partidos, directorias and vecindarios rurales.
		In 188o concessions were granted to the F.C. Occidental, F.C. Central Mexicano, F.C. Nacional Mexicano and three others of less importance, aggregating nearly 3500 M. The first three of these have become important factors in the development of Mexico.
		The first runs southward from the capital to Oaxaca through the rich sub-tropical states of Puebla and Oaxaca, and the other two run northward from the same point to the American frontier.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PIG_POL/POLITICAL.html (6041 words)

	austin indymedia: Developments in Oaxaca
		The governor of Oaxaca, Ulises Ruiz, in coordination with the private sector of the state, is orchestrating a public confrontation calling for a march in support of the government.
		The event is planned for Thursday June 22 and will be lead through the Historic Center of town, where a planton (comparable to a tent city) has been set up since the beginning of May of this year, where men, women, and children are demonstrating peacefully.
		He who reprimands the people, in place of finding a solution to their demands and resolving their needs, cannot be the governor.
	austin.indymedia.org /newswire/display/34235/index.php (1033 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Participants voiced their disappointment, emphasizing what they consider to be the connection between the Court’s decision and federal government policies.
		Faced with this situation, the indigenous peoples, represented by 330 indigenous municipalities, approached the Supreme Court in the expectation that the Court would show that there are institutional mechanisms for responding to violations of the Constitution on the part of the legislative and executive branches of the government..
		(in the Spanish text “governmental organs”.) The aim (of the 330 municipalities) was the legal enforcement of Covenant 169 and of the rights - such as the right to be consulted - that are recognized in that Covenant.
	www.s-j-c.net /media/doc/Supreme.doc (1267 words)

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