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Topic: Munitions

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	Cluster Munition Coalition, Stop Cluster Munitions
		This problem was brought about by the use of cluster munitions that contain large numbers of submunitions that are not guided and that fall to their target freely.
		New cluster munitions that are precision guided have not been widely used and no assessments of their impact on civilians have been made.
		In addition if increased reliability led to an increase in the numbers of cluster munitions used and the number of situations in which they are used this would heighten both their immediate impact and their post-conflict impact.
	www.stopclustermunitions.org /dokumenti/dokument.asp?id=72 (1483 words)

	Israeli Cluster Munitions Hit Civilians in Lebanon (Human Rights Watch, 24-7-2006)
		The photographs contain the distinctive marks of such cluster munitions, including a diamond-shaped stamp, and a shape that is longer than ordinary artillery, according to a retired IDF commander who asked not to be identified.
		Close-up of a M483A1 DPICM artillery-delivered cluster munition present in the arsenal of an IDF unit in northern Israel.
		Cluster munitions are increasingly the focus of discussion at the meetings of the Convention on Conventional Weapons, with ever more states calling for a new international instrument dealing with cluster munitions.
	www.hrw.org /english/docs/2006/07/24/isrlpa13798.htm (1117 words)

	The Nye Report on the Munitions Industry and World Peace, 1936
		The committee finds, further, that the constant availability of munitions companies with competitive bribes ready in outstretched hands does not create a situation where the officials involved can, in the nature of things, be as much interested in peace and measures to secure peace as they are in increased armaments.
		The committee finds, further, that munitions companies engaged in bribery find themselves involved in the civil and military politics of other nations, and that this is an unwarranted form of intrusion into the affairs of other nations and undesirable representation of the character and methods of the people of the United States.
		The activities of the munitions makers in Europe were of greater importance to the peace of the western world than their activities in either South America or China.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/nye.htm (4009 words)

	Wastes: Military Munitions Final Rule
		In both cases, when the used or fired munition is a solid waste, it is potentially subject to regulation as a hazardous waste.
		This rule postpones final action on the statutory status of used or fired munitions at closed or transferred ranges, and the regulatory status of used or fired munitions that are recovered and then treated on-range at a closed or transferred range.
		Lastly, the rule exempts all generators and transporters, not just the military, from the RCRA manifest for transportation of hazardous waste on public or private right-of-ways on or along the border of contiguous properties under the control of the same person, regardless of whether the contiguous properties are divided by right-of-ways.
	www.epa.gov /epaoswer/hazwaste/military/index.htm (651 words)

	Cluster Munition Coalition, Stop Cluster Munitions
		Cluster munitions kill and injure civilians at the time of use because they indiscriminately scatter explosives over such a wide area and many of the bomblets or submunitions fail to explode on impact killing and injuring civilians long after conflict.
		The Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) is looking for an enthusiastic volunteer to help with its global campaign to ban cluster munitions.
		The CMC is an international civil society movement committed to stopping cluster munitions, a weapon type that kills indiscriminately and that is stockpiled in the billions by over 50 countries.
	www.stopclustermunitions.org (358 words)

	Industry Studies - Munitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Munitions today can not only target a specific building in a city, but they can now also operate autonomously, flying a preprogrammed route to the building with a fuze that will detonate the warhead on a specific floor.
		Though remnants of the older munitions industrial base still exist, and some facilities are producing energetic materials and propellants basically the same way they were produced decades ago, the PGM part of the base is different.
		These are munitions that have reached the end of their service life, those that are obsolete in terms of performance, such as anti-tank rounds that are ineffective against current armor, and those that were built for weapons platforms no longer in service, such as the old 105mm main battle tank gun.
	www.ndu.edu /icaf/industry/2000/munitions/munitions.htm (6570 words)

	Recommendations for the Disposal of Chemical Agents and Munitions -- Executive Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Munitions such as M55 rockets and various projectiles have associated explosives and propellants (so-called energetics) that also must be disposed of.
		Disposal of chemical agent and munitions means release of all unitary stockpile materials from Army control in an altered form that satisfies both international treaty requirements and domestic environmental requirements.
		Agent and munitions must be moved from the stockpile to the disposal facility and unpacked; containers must be opened and drained to gain access to the agent; the four (preferably separated) materials-agent, energetics, metal parts, and dunnage-must be destroyed or treated; and waste products must be treated for acceptable discharge.
	bob.nap.edu /execsumm/0309050464.html (6711 words)

	Department of Defense
		An unused munition that is abandoned by being disposed of by burial; burned; detonated, the exception is when detonated as a consequence of intended use; incinerated: or treated prior to disposal.
		In addition, waste chemical munitions and agents and their storage units will be visually inspected quarterly to verify the condition of the waste and the unit and to confirm that there is no migration of contaminants out of the unit.
		An explosives or munitions emergency response may include in-place render-safe procedures, treatment or destruction of the explosives or munitions or their transport to another location to be rendered safe, treated, or destroyed.
	www.uscg.mil /systems/gse/munitions_policy.htm (16965 words)

	Iraq Survey Group Final Report
		The scale and complexity of Iraqi munitions handling, storage, and weapons markings, and extensive looting and destruction at military facilities during OIF significantly limited the number of munitions that ISG was able to thoroughly inspect.
		The enormous number of munitions dispersed throughout the country may include some older, CW-filled munitions, and ISG cannot discount the possibility that a few large caches of munitions remain to be discovered within Iraq.
		The key indicators to identify suspect CW munitions movement and storage included the presence of special guards, vehicles assessed to be decontamination trucks, cargo vehicles, and the grading of top soil near suspect bunkers.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/report/2004/isg-final-report/isg-final-report_vol3_cw-06.htm (1715 words)

	Army Developing Range, Munitions Strategic Plan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		The potential effects of munitions use, such as clearance of unexploded ordnance and other debris must especially be assessed to ensure continued use of the range and potential off-range effects of munitions use.
		Implementation of sustainable range and munitions management programs is designed to allow the Army to take a proactive approach to help ensure that concerns affecting the protection of public safety, human health and environment do not become issues.
		"Response actions to munitions constituents that may pose an imminent and substantial endangerment to the public differ from the UXO clearance activities that currently are conducted on operational ranges," said Tom Symalla, a program manager with the Battelle Memorial Institute and coauthor, with Waugh, of the Strategic Plan.
	aec.army.mil /usaec/publicaffairs/update/spr02/spr0206.html (773 words)

	MCC - Cluster Munitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Depending on the delivery system, the submunitions from one munitions container may cover an area the size of several football fields, or be dispersed over an even wider area up to 100 acres.
		Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser (WCMD): "The WCMD kit is a modification kit that replaces the tails on a portion of current inventory direct attack cluster munitions.
		The intent is to enable Tactical Munitions Dispensers (TMD) to correct for the effects of launch transients, ballistic errors, and unknown winds between the release point and the dispenser's functioning point.
	www.mcc.org /clusterbomb/drop_today (6881 words)

	Munitions Manufacturing: A Call for Modernization -- Executive Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		The usage rate of conventional munitions has dropped dramatically since the end of the Cold War, as a result of (1) reductions in the size of our armed forces; (2) significant reductions in the defense budget, particularly in munitions procurement; and (3) the introduction of precision-guided munitions.
		Munitions manufacturers are hard pressed to design, test, manufacture, deploy, and maintain new munitions in a timely, cost-effective manner.
		Following conflicts, the munitions stockpile is to be replenished by (1) increasing production at dedicated organic munitions factories, and (2) subcontracting the remaining required production to qualified commercial firms by means of contracts that allow their facilities to be converted from civilian work to munitions manufacturing.
	www.nap.edu /execsumm/NI000397.html (4370 words)

	Munitionettes
		Munitions of War Act that gave it the power to take direct control of the industry.
		Whereas in 1914 there were 212,000 women working in the munitions industry, by the end of the war it had increased to 950,000.
		Christopher Addison, who succeeded David Lloyd George as Minister of Munitions, estimated in June, 1917, that about 80 per cent of all weapons and shells were being produced by women.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /Wmunitions.htm (311 words)

	Lebanon: Israeli Cluster Munitions Threaten Civilians (Human Rights Watch, 17-8-2006)
		Because of their wide dispersal pattern, cluster munitions should never be used in populated areas.
		Dangerous unexploded submunitions, duds that fail to detonate on impact but are still live and at risk of exploding, are present in areas of Nabatiyeh, Tabnine and Beit Yahoun, as well as areas adjacent to the 3km road connecting Tabnine and Beit Yahoun, U.N. demining officials said.
		Israeli officials have given contradictory statements, with some denying any use of cluster munitions in the month-long fighting and others acknowledging use but claiming it was away from civilian areas.
	www.hrw.org /english/docs/2006/08/17/lebano14026.htm (1090 words)

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