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	Munsell Color System
		The Munsell color system is a color system that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value, and chroma (difference from gray at a given hue and lightness).
		Munsell hue is specified by selecting one of these ten hues, and then referring to the angle inside them from 1 to 10.
		The system is still widely used in a variety of applications and represents one of the best available data sets on the perceptual scaling of lightness, chroma and hue.
	facweb.cs.depaul.edu /sgrais/munsell_color_system.htm (510 words)

	Munsell color system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a color system that specifies colors based on three color dimensions.
		Professor Albert H. Munsell, an artist, wanted to create a "rational way to describe color" that would use decimal notation instead of color names (which he felt were "foolish" and "misleading").
		The original system was very deficient by modern standards: it didn't have the correct hues for cyan and magenta and it didn't recognise these hues as local value peaks so it rendered the color circle of saturated colors as a linear gradient from light to dark.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Munsell_color_system (458 words)

	Color - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Color (or colour) is a sensation which (in humans) derives from the ability of the fine structure of the eye to distinguish three differently filtered analyses of a view.
		When producing a color print or painting a surface, the applied paint changes the surface; if the surface is then illuminated with white light (which consists of equal intensities of all visible wavelengths), the reflected light will have a spectrum corresponding to the desired color.
		Structural color is a property of some surfaces that are scored with fine parallel lines, formed of many thin parallel layers, or otherwise composed of periodic microstructures on the scale of the color's wavelength, to make a diffraction grating.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Color (3977 words)

	Munsell Color System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Albert Munsell, a painter and the inventor of the daylight photometer, took Rood's advice and after much elaboration on this early experiment developed the Munsell Color System [Munsell 1923].
		Recent studies of the Munsell Color Solid have used multidimensional scaling techniques to analyze small difference comparative color judgements and have found that the Renotation Munsell is neither as uniform or as smooth as was originally claimed.
		Although the Munsell system captures some of the nature of the perceptual color space, it is not a uniform color scaling.
	www.nd.edu /~sboker/ColorVision2/node16.html (496 words)

	Munsell color system -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In (Quantitative chemical analysis by color using a colorimeter) colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a (Click link for more info and facts about color system) color system that specifies (A visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect) colors based on three color dimensions.
		Chroma, known as saturation in the HSV system, was measured out from the center of the wheel, with lower values being less saturated (washed out, such as pastels).
		For instance yellow colors have considerably more powerful saturation than greens, due to the nature of the (The organ of sight) eye.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mu/munsell_color_system.htm (413 words)

	Munsell Color System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Albert Munsell, a painter and the inventor of the daylight photometer, took Rood's advice and after much elaboration on this early experiment developed the Munsell Color System [Munsell 1923].
		Recent studies of the Munsell Color Solid have used multidimensional scaling techniques to analyze small difference comparative color judgements and have found that the Renotation Munsell is neither as uniform or as smooth as was originally claimed.
		Although the Munsell system captures some of the nature of the perceptual color space, it is not a uniform color scaling.
	kiptron.psyc.virginia.edu /steve_boker/ColorVision2/node16.html (496 words)

	Munsell Color
		Munsell arbitrarily divided the hue circle into 100 steps, of equal visual change in hue, with the zero point at the beginning of the red sector, as shown in Figure 2.
		Colors of low chroma are sometimes called weak, while those of high chroma are said to be highly saturated, strong or vivid.
		The complete Munsell notation for a chromatic color is written symbolically: H V/C. For a vivid red having a hue of 5R, a value of 6 and a chroma of 14, the complete notation is 5R 6/14.
	w3.ualg.pt /~tpanago/munsell.htm (1035 words)

	Albert Henry Munsell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Munsell's efforts at constructing a system in which the spacing between each colour and its neighbour could be perceived as equal culminated in the publication of his Colour Atlas in 1915.
		With this as his basis, Munsell went on to develop the entire system using spinning colour-tops to define the mixtures while entrusting the final judgement to his eyes.
		Munsell, however, depended on mixtures derived from spinning colour-tops, which he then corrected so that any systematic deviations of perceived colours from the modern non-empirical approach were kept to a minimum.
	www.colorsystem.com /projekte/engl/31mune.htm (899 words)

	Munsell Color Model - Ian-Albert.com
		The Munsell color system is based on the work of Professor Albert H. Munsell.
		Munsell colors are represented by three values: hue, value and chroma.
		Chroma is the saturation of the color, or how pure it is. This axis goes from the center of the Munsell color space (neutrals, or grays) to the outside of the shape (the most vivid, saturated colors).
	ian-albert.com /graphics/munsell.php (311 words)

	Saturation - Intensity - Chroma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A.H. Munsell (1858-1976) was an artist and teacher in Boston, Massachusetts. He developed a scientific manner of classifying color so it could be taught to children. His system included three categories hue, value and chroma.
		Hue refers to the type of color whether red or blue etc. Value refers to the darkness or lightness of a color and chroma referred to the intensity or saturation of that color.
		You change the intensity of a color, making it duller or more neutral by adding gray, white or fl to the color or by adding its complement (this is the color found directly opposite on the traditional color wheel).
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~martyd/project1/Saturation.htm (950 words)

	handprint : modern color models
		The vertical fl to white dimension is the lightness or value of a color; the circumference of the horizontal disk perpendicular to the lightness dimension is the hue of a color; and the lateral distance or radius on this disk, from the center outward, is the chroma (approximately the saturation) of a color.
		Munsell was inspired by and heavily relied on the expertise of the American physicist and color researcher Ogden Rood, who showed Munsell how to use a color top to analyze complex colors into additive color mixtures of "primary" colors, and to develop gray scales based on proportional mixtures of fl and white.
		Recall that the color geometry common to all modern color models consists of a brightness/lightness dimension that is perpendicular to (separate from) the chromaticity plane or hue circle.
	www.handprint.com /HP/WCL/color7.html (16431 words)

	Articles - Color name (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		As the color space is continuous, naming of colors involves quantization, often by a vocabulary that specifies gradual change of one color into another.
		Because such a way of naming colors can lead to relatively long names, shortcuts like 'pastel' for a color that is both light and moderately saturated, or descriptive names like 'olive (color)' for relatively dark, yellowish green, are used.
		There are also several color naming systems that have such a computational model, yet they oversimplify the interpretation of the HSI or HSV color spaces.
	www.xgrey.com /articles/Color_name (825 words)

	10.6 Color Representation - Color Appearance System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		TheMunsell color system is a typical color appearance system, in which color is represented with hue (H), saturation(S) and intensity (I) as a psychological response.
		Color in the Munsell color system is identified as a combination of hue, intensity / saturation, for example 5R4 / 10, which means 5R (hue), 4 (intensity) and 10 (saturation).
		Figure 10.6.2 shows a three dimensional color solid as called the Munsell's solid, with the 40 panels with color samples of intensity and saturation with respect to the hue.
	www.profc.udec.cl /~gabriel/tutoriales/rsnote/cp10/cp10-6.htm (460 words)

	Color Measurement Systems
		This is similar in approach to the Newton Color Circle except that the circle is distorted by assigning a unit of radial distance to each perceptable difference in saturation (called units of chroma).
		A point in the color space so defined is specified by hue, value, and chroma in the form H V/C. The MUNSELL system is a collection of color samples for comparison, with adjacent samples based upon equal perceived differences in color.
		Thus the point in the Ostwald color space is represented by values C,W, and B to represent the percentages of the circle.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/vision/colsys.html (284 words)

	Munsell Color (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Today, the Munsell System is recognised around the globe as the standard for colour notation in the worlds of art, business, science, government and education.
		It is the universal system for selecting, specifying, and controlling colour- in short, the universal language of colour communication.
		The Munsell colour-order system is a way of precisely specifying colours and showing the relationships among colours.
	www.coloracademy.co.uk /Subjects/Munsell/Munsell.htm (232 words)

	Color Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The HUE (H) notation of a color indicates its relation to a visually equally-spaced scale of 100 hues.
		The scale of chroma extends from /0 for a neutral grey to /10, /12, /14 or farther, depending upon the strength (saturation) of the sample to be evaluated.
		RGB colors are calculated from the AOTF measured spectra of the Munsell colors.
	spectral.joensuu.fi /databases/munsell.htm (267 words)

	Historic Paint Colors
		Although there was some slight variation in the colors from depot to depot due to the local mixing of paints and less precision used in the mixing of paint colors than we are accustomed to today, Southern Pacific's wooden depots largely adhered to the specified standard paint colors.
		Color samples are available in 8.5 inch by 11 inch sheets at $23.70 per sheet or in 3/4 inch by 1 5/8 inch chips at $4.10 per chip.
		Color scheme for depot is correct for 1940s and later era (which omits the SP Dark Yellow wainscot color).
	centervilledepot.railfan.net /historicpaintcolors.html (1867 words)

	About Professor Albert H. Munsell
		Professor Albert H. Munsell (1858-1918) Author of A Color Notation and the Atlas of the Munsell Color System.
		Later, in 1942, the Munsell Color Foundation was formed by the company to promote the advancement of the science of color.
		Ultimately, the Munsell Color Foundation led to the founding of this laboratory, the Munsell Color Science Laboratory, in 1983, at the Rochester Institute of Technology.
	www.cis.rit.edu /mcsl/about/munsell.php (245 words)

	Color Center - Color Handbook - Munsell Color System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Munsell aimed to create a "rational way to describe color" that would use clear decimal notation rather than color names.
		The colors were identified as R for red, YR for red-yellow, Y for yellow etc. Each primary and intermediate color was allotted ten degrees around the compass and then further identified by its place in the segment.
		In the Munsell System, reds, blues, and purples tend to be stronger hues that average higher chroma values at full saturation, while yellows and greens are weaker hues that average fullest chroma saturation relatively close to the neutral axis.
	www.specialchem4coatings.com /tc/color-handbook/index.aspx?id=munsell (504 words)

	Gardco - Munsell Color Vision Testing - Color Measurement
		Color vision anomalies and color aptitude are detected by a subject's ability to place the color caps in hue order.
		An expanding range of color collections and individual color standards serve a wide range of applications wherever colors need to be selected, communicated, specified or controlled.
		Pleasing color arrangements and palettes are created using the visual relationships of colors in the system.
	www.gardco.com /pages/color/munsell_vision.html (714 words)

	The Color of Soil \| NRCS Soils
		Soil color by Munsell notation is one of many standard methods used to describe soils for soil survey.
		Munsell color notations can be used to define an archeological site or to make comparisons in a criminal investigation.
		Color is also affected by the environment: aerobic environments produce sweeping vistas of uniform or subtly changing color, and anaerobic (lacking oxygen), wet environments disrupt color flow with complex, often intriguing patterns and points of accent.
	soils.usda.gov /education/resources/k_12/lessons/color (1288 words)

	COLOR 21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It corresponds to the distinctive wavelength of a color.
		Munsell saw that full chroma for individual hues might be achieved at very different places in the color sphere.
		The Munsell company, founded by A.H. Munsell in 1918, is currently owned by GretagMacbeth and can be found on the Web at www.munsell.com (last checked 02/07/03).
	users.design.ucla.edu /~fwinkler/21/munsell.html (250 words)

	The Munsell Color System
		Hue was defined as the actual color, red, blue, green, etc. Value was defined as how light or dark a color is. Chroma was defined as how strong or weak a color is. He published a standard color atlas defining the Munsell Color Standard which, before his work, had been an impossible task.
		Munsell Chroma refers to how strong or weak a color is. The weaker a color, the lower the Chroma and the more gray it has.
		Albert Munsell preferred the term "opposite color" to complementary color since they are on the opposite side of his color wheel.
	www.applepainter.com (867 words)

	EPSON Color Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This system was proposed by the American A. Munsell in 1905 and revised in 1943.
		Hue is divided into five basic colors: red (R), yellow (Y), green (G), blue (B), and purple (P), with a second dimension between each color, having 10 grades.
		This system was proposed by the German scientist Ostwald.
	www.dcs.napier.ac.uk /~mm/COL_G/CG_HTML/05/050302.HTM (139 words)

	handprint : do "primary" colors exist?
		Nearly a century of research was necessary to confirm the existence of these color receptors in the retina by microscopic dissection of retinas in 1828, the isolation of the rod's photopigment (visual purple) in 1877, and detailed color mixing experiments in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
		Color matching data, repeated and varied across hundreds of different color samples and viewing situations for both normal and color deficient viewers, and archived in the color vision literature with light sensitivity and hue cancellation data, represent the ultimate sacred texts of color research.
		The Yxy system defines the brightness of a color as its total Y value; its lightness is the ratio between the Y values of the color and a white surface under the same illumination.
	www.handprint.com /HP/WCL/color6.html (13989 words)

	The color scheme encyclopedia which is useful to WEB production fashion interior design
		The Munsell color system which is used worldwide as method of color expression even in Japan is adopted "method of presentation JIS of the color due to three attributes" (JISZ8721) as.
		Please solve also the problem of color scheme and the color which it is essential to sight design, with this sight.
		On the basis of the menu photograph of the pizza house, we would like to decide the use color, but is there is no ?A?L ?A?N thing where balance of color scheme is not recognized is? Such a time please designate the color color scheme encyclopedia as hint.
	fkm.sakura.ne.jp /en (555 words)

	Triplecode - Munsell Palette
		This is, in part, because most color models (such as RGB, HSV, and web color palettes) are based on mathematical formulas which have little to do with how the human eye sees colors.
		At its core is a set of data from perceptual studies (done in the late 1930's) where people were asked to judge the differences in color pairs.
		To have the palette recenter on an arbitrary color: enter a color in the typein field at the top right, and then press the 'go' button.
	www.triplecode.com /munsell (659 words)

	COMBINED CHROMATICITY AND MUNSELL COLOR DIAGRAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Munsell Color System was developed early in the 20th Century and was renotated in the 1950's in an attempt to rationalize it in terms of more recent color investigations.
		To prepare an overlay of the Munsell Color System onto the New Chromaticity Diagram, some assumption must be made about the chromatic content of at least one non-white "color" in the Munsell color space.
		The easiest assumption would be to estimate the color in the yellow corresponding to 572 nm and or the blue-green corresponding to 494 nm.
	www.4colorvision.com /files/chroma-munsell.htm (462 words)

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