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Topic: Murad Bey

	Egypt: History - Ottoman Turk Period
		Murad would not believe it when he was told that Napoleon had arrived.
		Murad knew nothing of Europe or the history, so when the French started their advance on Cairo, Murad sent out ten thousand Mamelukes and thirty thousand irregulars, who were mostly Albanians, Negroes, Bedouins and Egyptians, to fight Napoleons forty thousand veteran troops.
		Murad Bey rushed to his palace at Giza and gathered up as much of his fortune as he could in about fifteen minutes.
	www.touregypt.net /hottoman.htm (1534 words)

	Murad 1
		Murad is often referred to as sultan, and even if he called himself "sultan", it was not until 1394 that title was officially introduced.
		During Murad's reign, also the devsirme system was started to be developed, together with the Janissary corps.
		During the fights, Murad is killed by a Serbian noble who pretended that he defected to the Ottomans.
	i-cias.com /e.o/s03-murad1.htm (270 words)

	SULTAN IKINCI MURAD
		Sultan Murad, Sehzade Küçük Mustafa'nin gailesini bertaraf etmekle birükte benzer bir tehlikenin daha mevcud oldugunun farkinda idi.
		Sultan Murad, müstereken icra edilen Transilvanya akinina ragmen Macarlarla aralarinin açilmadigini görünce, Sirbistan problemine kesin bir çözüm getirme kararma varir.
		Hiristiyan dünyasini böyle bir antlasmayi bozmaya yönelten firsat, Sultan Murad gibi tecrübeli bir hükümdarin hükümdarliktan çekilerek, devletin basina çocuk yasta bir kimsenin getirilmesi idi.
	www.enfal.de /otarih27.htm (15971 words)

	Murad V - LoveToKnow 1911
		MURAD V. (1840-1904), eldest son of Sultan Abd-ul-Mejid, was born on the 21st of September 1840.
		On the accession of his uncle Abd-ul-Aziz, Prince Mahommed Murad Effendi - as he was then called - was deprived of all share in public affairs and imprisoned, owing to his opposition to the sultan's plan for altering the order of succession.
		He was kept in confinement in the Cheragan palace till his death on the 29th of August 1904.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Murad_V (134 words)

	Chapter 3 Page 4
		Therefore the amiable Ibrahim made use of the marriage treaty to arrange an honourable reconciliation between Murad Bey and his uncle, and appointed the former "Ruler a the Marriage Feast," in which capacity he was charged to conduct the bride to Janina and deliver her to her husband, the young Veli Bey.
		Murad took this as a sign of favour, and joyfully acknowledged the congratulations of his friends.
		As Murad's brother was seriously compromised by this letter, he also was immediately seized, and strangled without any pretence of trial.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Dumas/Ali/Dumas_AliC3P4.htm (1459 words)

	Egyptian History E
		In 1743 Othman Bey was forced to fly from Egypt by the intrigues of two adventurers, Ibrahim and Rilwgn Bey, who, when their scheme had succeeded, began a massacre of beys and others thought to be opposed to them; they then proceeded to govern Egypt jointly, holding the two offices mentioned above in alternate years.
		Here he met one Salib Bey, who had injuries to avenge on Khalil Bey, and the two organized a force with which they returned to Cairo and defeated Khalil, who was forced to flee to Iaifla, where for a time he concealed himself; eventually he was discovered, sent to Alexandria and finally strangled.
		Murad Bey attempted to resist, but was easily defeated; and he with Ibrahim decided to fly to Upper Egypt and await the trend of events.
	www.a-1hotels.com /eg/history/html/egyptian_history_e.html (3971 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Murad
		Murad II MURAD II [Murad II] 1403-51, Ottoman sultan (1421-51), son and successor of Muhammad I to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey).
		Murad I MURAD I [Murad I], 1326?-1389, Ottoman sultan (1362?-1389), son and successor of Orkhan to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey).
		Murad III MURAD III [Murad III] 1546-95, Ottoman sultan (1574-95), son and successor of Selim II.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Murad&StartAt=11 (658 words)

	French Invasion of Egypt, 1798-1801
		Murad and Ibrahim resumed their destructive activities after their return, this time inflicting their greed on virtually the entire population.
		Murad and Ibrahim were more concerned with restoring their personal fortunes than with actually ruling Egypt.
		Murad Bey’s first reaction to the French invasion was to take a force of his best cavalry to repel the invaders.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/wars_french_egypt.html (5424 words)

	1682, April 10. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Construction of the Sidi Mehrez Mosque in Tunis by the ruler Murad II (1659–75).
		After securing for himself the title of bey he arranged for the position to become hereditary in his family, which held the office until the abolition of the monarchy in 1957.
		When Ali Bey of Tunis refused a French demand to release the Corsican ships and passengers seized by his corsairs, France declared war and bombarded the ports of La Goulette, Bizerte, and Sousse.
	www.bartleby.com /67/828.html (635 words)

	Africa and Slavery 1500-1800 by Sanderson Beck
		Mehmed Bey was exiled and drowned in 1730, and Dhu'l Fiqar Bey was assassinated.
		Murad Bey II (1666-75) suppressed an army mutiny and moved into the palace of the Bardo.
		Murad also replaced him; but the Janissaries refused to obey his puppet and appointed their own dey while Murad Bey was visiting Tripolitania in 1673.
	www.san.beck.org /1-13-Africa1500-1800.html (22906 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Heritage \| Lady Nafisa and her sabil
		Ali Bey met his end in 1773 in one of the many battles between power-hungry Mamelukes; slain by Murad Bey, whose commander -- who had been a Mameluke of Ali, but rebelled against his former master -- promised him the hand of Nafisa if he would kill her powerful husband.
		Nafisa's husband Murad Bey commanded the Mameluke army that countered the French, but was defeated at the Battle of the Pyramids and retreated to Upper Egypt where he waged a guerrilla campaign.
		Murad died of plague in 1801, and soon afterwards the French withdrew from Egypt.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/757/heritage.htm (1676 words)

	Murad Bey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Murad Bey (1750 - 1801) was an Egyptian Mameluke chieftain, cavalry commander and joint ruler of Egypt with Ibrahim Bey.
		In 1800, Murad made peace with Jean Baptiste Kléber, and agreed to garrison Cairo, but died of bubonic plague on his journey there.
		Note that, in accordance with Turkish custom of the time, Murad was only given a single name at birth, and that "bey" is an honorific.
	www.godseye.com /stat/en/m/u/r/Murad_Bey_7b87.html (156 words)

	Egypt and the Eastern Question
		Before 1760 a balance of power and separate spheres of influence were maintained by the Mamluk beylicate, which controlled the civil administration and derived its revenues from the rural tax farms, and by the Mamluks, who dominated the military and derived their revenues from the urban tax farms and the customs house.
		Only Ali Bey's dramatic expulsion from the country and Muhammad Bey's premature death of a fever prevented them from using the authority they acquired to carry on those policies that are associated with Egypt's revival in the nineteenth century.
		Murad Bey fled to Upper Egypt while Ibrahim Bey and the Ottoman viceroy went to Syria.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/593Egy.html (9447 words)

	History of Ottoman Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1743 Othman Bey was forced to fly from Egypt by the intrigues of two adventurers, Ibrahim and Ridwan Bey, who, when their scheme had succeeded, began a massacre of beys and others thought to be opposed to them; they then proceeded to govern Egypt jointly, holding the two offices mentioned above in alternate years.
		In 1769 a demand came to Ali Bey for a force of 12,000 men to be employed by the Porte in the Russian war.
		Ali Bey intended at first to defend himself so long as possible in the citadel at Cairo; but receiving information to the effect that his friend Daher El-Omar of Acre was still willing to give him refuge, he left Cairo for Syria (April 8, 1772), one day before the entrance of Abu-'l-Dhahab.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Ottoman_Egypt (3896 words)

	ANISTORITON: An Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The size of Murad's army is estimated at about 6,000 Mamelukes supported by 12,000 servants-at-arms, an unknown number of Bedouins plus the troops of the Turkish pasha (mostly Albanian soldiers) and some artillery pieces.
		Furthermore, Murad had made a great mistake by placing his troops on the left bank of the Nile, as this saved the French from having to cross the river under fire in order to attack him.
		Murad though had decided to attack first, believing that the French infantry was no match for his cavalry, and the Mamelukes launched a furious charge mostly against Desaix and Reynier.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/e021.htm (2068 words)

	Türk-İslam Sanatları - Makaleler - Foundation of the Ottoman State
		In this battle, ertugrul Bey who was at the age of 39 must have provided a trivial but a brave service for Alaeddin Keykubat who was the sultan of Turkey Seljuks.
		The homeland granted to Ertugrul Ghazi was the region in which the borders of the cities of Bursa-Bilecik connected to one another and it consisted of the lands with the surface area of nearly 1.000 km2.
		Murad Bey surpassed the River Maritsa in the early year of 1359 and captured Dimetoka.
	trboard.org /modules/makale/makale.php?id=64 (1542 words)

	Osmanlý Devleti, Osmanlý Ýmparatorluðu, Osmanlýlar, Osmanli, Osmanlilar
		Ertuðrul Bey'in vefatýndan sonra, uçtaki Oðuz aþiretlerinin ittifakýyla, Kayý boyundan olduðu için, Osman Bey hepsine baþ seçildi.
		1324 veya 1326'da öldüðü tahmin edilen Osman Bey vefat ettiði sýrada, Bursa Osmanlýlarýn eline geçti.
		Murad (1361-1389) Anadolu'da birliði saðladýktan sonra, tekrar Rumeli cihetine yönelerek Osmanlýlarýn, Avrupa'da saðlam bir þekilde yerleþmesini saðladý.
	www.dallog.com /devletler/osmanli/osmanli.htm (1997 words)

	Napoleonic personalities : Murad Bey : Ottoman General
		Joint leader of Egypt's ruling Mamelukes, Murad Bey was a powerful military figure but up against the professional veterans of France, under the brilliant command of Napoleon Bonaparte, he found himself outclassed and defeated at the Battle of the Pyramids.
		Murad did show his prowess, however, by avoiding General Desaix's troops as they chased him around Upper Egypt.
		In 1800, he made peace with the new French commander, General Kleber, to garrison Cairo but died of the plague on his journey there.
	www.napoleonguide.com /murad.htm (113 words)

	Désaix e la conquista dell'Alto Egitto
		Il generale in capo aveva scelto, per ridurre all'impotenza Murad bey, uno dei suoi uomini più fidati, militare di notevole talento.
		Murad, infatti, ora precedeva i francesi ora riappariva alle loro spalle cogliendoli di sorpresa.
		Murad bey si era ritirato al di là delle cataratte del Nilo ma non era completamente sconfitto.
	www2.comune.roma.it /museonapoleonico/it/eventi_egitto07.htm (942 words)

	Chapitre 13
		At the end of August, 1798, Napoleon gave him the mission of pursuing Murad Bey, who was retreating towards the source of the Nile.
		He showed himself to be so human and friendly that the Egyptians knew him only by his nickname of the "Just Sultan." As a result, the French Army had no problems with provisions and was able to ensure the safety of its rear and its communications.
		On October 8, Murad Bey lay in waiting for him at Sediman, 100 kilometers south of Cairo, with 5000 cavalrymen.
	www.napoleonicsociety.com /english/Life_Nap_Chap13.htm (1992 words)

	Türk Sultanları... Tarihten Bir Yaprak...
		Babası Mikail' in bir gaza akınında şehid düşmesi üzerine kardeşi Çağrı bey' le beraber, dedesi Selçuk Bey tarafından yetiştirildi.
		Çağrı Bey' le birlikte iç ve dış hasımlarına karşı verdiği büyük mücadelelerden sonra, Nişabur şehrini devlet merkezi yapan Tuğrul Bey, ilk defa burada Es-sultan-ül Muazzam ünvanı ile namına hutbe okuttu (1038).
		Tuğrul Bey 1055' de, hac yollarını Bedevilerin akınlarından korumak, Suriye ve Mısır' da Fatimilere karşı savaşmak üzere Bağdad' a geldi.
	www.turksultans.com /sultans.php?id=1 (501 words)

	candaroglu037.sitemynet.com
		Isfendiyar Bey, II.Murad ile dost geçinmek mecburiyetinde oldugunu görünce iki hanedan arasinda aile bagi kurmaya çalisti ve oglu II.
		Isfendiyar Bey yetmis küsur yasinda 1440 yilinda Sinop'ta öldü.
		Ibrahim Bey de I. eddin Keykavus'un Sinop'un iç kalesinde yaptirdigi camii 1341'de yeniden insa ettirmis ve bu cami daha sonra Ibrahim Bey Camii olarak anilmistir.
	candaroglu037.sitemynet.com /Kastamonu/id4.htm (3351 words)

	Avalanche Press
		Murad Bey and his compatriots have a huge numerical advantage over the infidels, but his army is split in half by the river, and his infantry, though strong, is badly disciplined and will break after just a few hits.
		This works well, because Murad has two independent formations of cavalry on his two flanks, so one cavalry formation can always be hitting a French flank while the other is retreating back into command range.
		Murad can pull his forces east and form a defensive perimeter with his back to the Nile, letting his superior artillery pound the French as they advance, while his cavalry rides out to hit the approaching French flanks.
	www.avalanchepress.com /NapoleonTactics.php (2876 words)

	Türk-Dünyası !!! Geçmişten Geleceğe Türk'e Bakış (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Murad Bey daha 1359'da Meriç'i aþarak Dimetoka'yý alýr ve Ýstanbul surlarýna kadar akýnlar yapar.
		I. Sultan Murad, 1362'de babasýnýn yerine geçtikten bir kaç ay sonra Edirne'yi aldýðý zaman, büyükbabasýnýn babasý Ertuðrul Gazi'nin Sakarya çevresinde yurt tutmasý üzerinden 131 yýl geçmiþtir.
		Murad tekrar padişah oldu, tekrar tahtını oğluna bıraktı, devlet adamlarının ısrarı üzerine üçüncü defa tahta çıktı.
	www34.brinkster.com /turkturan/turktar/osmanli.htm (4089 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A battle between French forces of the Army of Egypt, 25,000 strong, commanded by Napoleon, and Egyptian and Mamluk forces 18,000–21,000 strong, commanded by Murad and Ibrahim Bey, on the west bank of the Nile River near Cairo.
		Murad and 3,000 more cavalry were able to flee south toward Giza.
		As a result of the battle, Bonaparte was able to occupy Cairo, which had been abandoned by Ibrahim Bey, and to undertake the government of Egypt.
	ebookpreview.abc-clio.com /ebooks/1576077330/pg_710.asp (695 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		The Osmanli Dynasty, also the House of Osman, ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1281 to 1923, beginning with Osman I (not counting his father, ErtuÄŸrul), though the dynasty was not proclaimed until 1383 when Murad I declared himself sultan.
		See the article on state organisation of the Ottoman Empire for further information on the sultan and the structure of power.
		Also notable among the Osmanlis are the pretender Cem and the numerous wives of the sultans (for example Roxelana), though they were not really considered as being a part of the Imperial House.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Osmanli_.html (307 words)

	Muhtasar Osmanli Devleti Tarihi
		Osman Bey üstun siyaset ve savas kabiliyeti ile komsularý bulunan Bizans tekfurlarý ile zaman zaman dostluk kurdu, bazan da savasti.
		Kumandanlarindan Evranos Bey ve Haci Ilbeyi de Malkara, Kesan, Ipsala, Dedeagaç ve Dimatoka'yi Osmanli topraklarina kattilar.
		Murad 1640'da ölünce, yerine kardesi Ibrahim geçti.1645'de baslayan Girit Savasinda, Hanya Kalesi alinmakla birlikte adanin büyük bir kismi Venediklilerde kaldi.
	www.geocities.com /ispartakerim010/OsmanliDevletiTarihi.htm (2452 words)

	Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mehmed Bey'in öldürülmesinden sonra Ladik (Denizli) beyliginin basina geçen Ali Bey, bir süre Selçuklular'a tabi oldu ise de daha sonra yine Germiyanogullari'nin hakimiyeti altina girdi (1276).
		Murad Arslan'in emriyle yazilan tefsirde Murad Arslan bin Inanç Bey olarak yazilmaktadir.
		Ancak bir süre sonra Karaman-oglu Mehmed Bey bütün Germiyan topraklarini eline geçirince Denizli de Karamanlilarin hakimiyeti altina girdi (1411).
	www.turkulkusu.com /INANCOGULLARI.htm (915 words)

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