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Topic: Murray crayfish

	Murray crayfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Murray crayfish, Euastacus armatus, is a species of freshwater crayfish endemic to Australia that belongs to the family Parastacidae.
		Murray crayfish are also known as "Murray River crayfish", "Murray crays", "Freshwater crays" and in the Wagga Wagga region of southern New South Wales they are simply known as "lobsters".
		Murray crayfish are listed as vulnerable in the Australian Capital Territory, as endangered in South Australia and as vulnerable by the IUCN.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Murray_crayfish (367 words)

	Crayfish
		Crayfish, of all of the freshwater invertebrates of inland Australia, are the most widely recognised and important to the human population and the natural aquatic ecosystems.
		Crayfish bodies are divided into three parts; the head, the thorax (the section that contains the legs), and the abdomen (or the tail, which is the edible part of many large crustaceans including crayfish, prawns and lobsters).
		These crayfish are commonly referred to as freshwater lobsters, spiny lobsters or spiny crayfish because their bodies are covered in large spines, particularly on the tail and the claws.
	www.amonline.net.au /factsheets/crayfish.htm (1407 words)

	Murray River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The waters of the Murray flow through several lakes that fluctuate in salinity (and were often fresh in the 1800s) including Lake Alexandrina and The Coorong before emptying through the Murray mouth into the Indian Ocean (Southern Ocean according to Australian maps) near Goolwa.
		The Murray Mouth is the point at which the Murray river meets the Indian Ocean (Southern Ocean according to Australian maps).
		The Murray was plagued by "snags", fallen trees submerged in the water, and considerable efforts were made to clear the river of these threats to shipping by using barges equipped with steam-driven winches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Murray_River (2686 words)

	Murray crayfish - NSW DPI - Fisheries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Distribution - Murray crayfish can be found in the Murray River upstream of Mildura, in the Murrumbidgee River and in some dams, and are the only species in the Euastacus genus that live in both cold and warm water habitats.
		Size - Murray crayfish have been reported to grow to 3 kg and are the second largest freshwater crayfish in the world behind the Tasmanian freshwater crayfish.
		Characteristics - Murray crayfish are slow-growing animals and may take up to 8 years until they reach their legal length of 9cm (measured from rear of eye socket to rear of head).
	www.fisheries.nsw.gov.au /recreational/fish/murray_crayfish (99 words)

	The Crayfish Fanclub Newsletter - January 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The first article this month is a general introduction and description of crayfish: Crayfish, common name for any crustacean resembling but smaller than their relatives the lobsters, ranging in length from 2 to 40 cm (0.8 to 16 in); the first of their five pairs of walking legs is equipped with strong claws.
		Crayfish live in freshwater rivers and streams in temperate climates; one family is confined to the northern hemisphere, another to the southern hemisphere, and a third to the Australian region.
		Murray River Crayfish Although identical in shape to the marine lobster, the freshwater crayfish is more adaptable, being able to live in streams, ponds, and even terrestrial burrows.
	www.mackers.com /crayfish/cf_jan97.htm (511 words)

	Spiny Freshwater Crayfish
		Freshwater crayfish are usually caught using hoop nets, which lie flat on the river bottom, with a suitable bait secured to the net.
		Crayfish are usually boiled in salted water for ten to twenty minutes, depending upon size.
		Whilst on the subject of crayfish's destructive habits, you should always handle them with extreme care as even quite modestly sized individuals are quite capable of removing the top of a finger with their pincers.
	www.nativefish.asn.au /spiny.html (697 words)

	[No title]
		For example, it was only in the 1970s that the Murray cod and trout cod were recognised as separate species, while as recently as 1991, a new species of yabbie was identified in the Barmah Forest.
		To help overcome the problems created by such barriers, changes are being made to the operation of the Murray mouth barrages (in the interest of the fish populations of the Coorong) and the locks on the lower reaches of the Murray (to facilitate and encourage fish migration upstream).
		Fish are measured from the snout to the tip of the tail, except for Murray crayfish which are measured from the rear of the eye socket to the centre of rear of carapace.
	kids.mdbc.gov.au /encyclopedia/fisheries?... (3552 words)

	GAWW Conasauga Blue Burrower Cambarus (Depressicambarus) cymatilis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Adult Cambarus cymatilis crayfish are found in elaborate sandy-clay burrows in areas with a high water table (a water level near the surface).
		Crayfish are generally omnivorous scavengers, feeding upon any food source available within their habitat.
		Crayfish sometimes have extensive scaring on their chelae or are missing appendages.
	museum.nhm.uga.edu /GAWildlife/invertebrates/decapoda/ccymatilis.htm (688 words)

	NSW Fisheries out in force for Murray Crayfish Season \| NSW Department of Primary Industries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The annual four-month Murray crayfish open season begins on Saturday May 1 and anglers should ensure they know the rules for catching this prized native species.
		Murray crayfish can only be taken during the months of May, June, July and August.
		Murray crayfish measuring devices and brochures which provide details of areas closed to Murray cray fishing re available free from NSW Fisheries offices.
	www.dpi.nsw.gov.au /aboutus/news/releases/fisheries/news_archives_2004/23_apr_04_-_nsw_fisheries_out_in_force_for_murray_crayfish_season (357 words)

	PIRSA Aquaculture and Fisheries - River Murray - Size Bag and Boat Limits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Murray cod are the largest freshwater fish found in the River Murray and the Murray –Darling system.
		Callop are possibly the most sought after fish in the River Murray and are known to reach a weight of 24kg, however a fish of this size is extremely rare.
		The River Murray freshwater crayfish, or spiny lobster, is an impressive animal that is no longer found in large numbers in South Australia.
	www.pir.sa.gov.au /pages/fisheries/rec_fishing/mrf_bbl.htm:sectID=1138&tempID=65 (909 words)

	Annual fishing closure for Murray Cod and Crayfish \| NSW Department of Primary Industries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Anglers are reminded that the annual fishing closures for Murray cod and Murray crayfish begin on 1September.
		"Murray crayfish are the largest freshwater crayfish in NSW, are slow growing and take up to eight years to reach legal size.
		Mr Tritton said it was illegal to catch Murray cod and Murray crayfish during these annual closures.
	www.dpi.nsw.gov.au /aboutus/news/releases/fisheries/news_archives_2004/24_aug_04_-_annual_fishing_closure_for_murray_cod_and_crayfish (370 words)

	A Review of the Conservation Status of Selected Australian Non-Marine Invertebrates: 4. Species Synopses (continued)
		This species of spiny crayfish is believed to have occupied the widest range of the family, as it ventured out of the cooler montane habitats, characteristic of spiny crays, into the warmer lower parts of the Murray Darling Basin (Morgan 1986).
		Crayfish are burrowers, and where the riverbank is clay, as in the Murray and the lower Murrumbidgee Rivers, the Murray Crayfish will construct burrows.
		Morgan, G.J. Freshwater crayfish of the genus Euastacus Clark (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from Victoria.
	www.deh.gov.au /biodiversity/threatened/action/non-marine-invertebrates/species-2.html (9954 words)

	P. B. Bridgewater, I. D. Cresswell and K. Olsson (2, 2001)
		This growth was particularly evident prior to the early 1970s, with development of rice and horticulture industries along the Murray and Murrumbidgee (its major rivers in the south of the Basin), and during the 1980s and 1990s with major expansion of the cotton industry in the Darling River system.
		Impoundments trap up to 73 per cent of sediment in the Murray River (Thoms and Walker, 1992), and at least 50 km of river could be deepened substantially from its sediment supply being trapped in the Hume Reservoir (Tilleard et al., 1994).
		Desnagging and willow removal in the Barmah Choke section of the Murray River have reduced overbank flows at the Edward River and Gulpa Creek off-takes for a distance of about 20 km, affecting the health, growth and reproduction of trees in the Millewa Forest (Murphy, 1990).
	www.ecolife.ru /jornal/ereg/2001-2-3eng.shtml (5886 words)

	Fishing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pot traps are typically used to catch crustaceans such as crabs, lobsters and crayfish.
		Pot traps such as the lobster trap may be constructed in various shapes, each is a mesh box designed with a convoluted entrance that makes entry much easier than exit.
		Shelled molluscs include the clam, mussel, oyster, winkle and scallop; some crustaceans are the shrimp, lobster, crayfish, and crab.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fishing (5348 words)

	RMUU Website - Saving Water in the Murray Darling Basin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		European settlers were quick to change the nature of the River Murray Basin with the spread of pastoralism, agriculture and the growth of towns.
		The Murray Crayfish prefers deep, cool, well oxygenated water and so lives in the deeper, faster flowing channels of the River Murray and it's tributaries.
		Corroboree Frog (Pseudophryne corroboree) is found at the Murrays head waters in grassy marshlands above the tree line or under logs beside creeks and marshes in wet schlerophyll forests.
	www.murrayusers.sa.gov.au /animals_of_mdb.htm (1722 words)

	Goulburn River
		Murray crayfish are in tributory streams to the Murray Darling Basin.
		Murray crayfish can be caught in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria.
		It does have drawbacks, the temperature of the river is abnormally low which effects the native fish breeding, but that doesn't effect the Murray crayfish and introduced trout who actually prefer colder water.
	www.crayfishworld.com /goulburn.htm (406 words)

	Education Centre - Fast Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Murray's first recorded flood was in 1870.
		The Murray Darling Basin covers 1 058 800 square kilometres - 14% of the total area of Australia.
		The second largest freshwater crayfish - the Murray Cray, is found in the upper reaches of the Murray.
	www.rivermurray.sa.gov.au /education/fast_facts.html (152 words)

	Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 - Inland Waters Theme Report: Aquatic ecosystems (Aquatic fauna) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish is the largest freshwater crayfish in the world, reaching four to five kilograms in size and living for at least 30 years.
		Prior to the 1950s, Murray crayfish were found in the Murray River in South Australia and New South Wales, as well as its major tributaries in New South Wales and Victoria.
		A survey of Murray crayfish in the Murrumbidgee River in the Australian Capital Territory found that numbers were low and being affected by overfishing (Lintermans and Rutzou 1991).
	www.deh.gov.au /soe/2001/inland/water03-3b.html (4968 words)

	Save The Murray
		Native fish may be found in all waters of the River Murray and its anabranches.
		The fish most often targeted by anglers are prevalent in the mainstream of the River Murray.
		Murray River Crayfish are very rarely caught in SA and are thought to be close to extinction in SA.
	www.savethemurray.com /facts_native_fish.php (259 words)

	Perspective - 11/07/2003: Christine Nicholls
		It was 1956 and the Murray had burst its banks in the great floods of that year, inundating the main street and its surrounds, devastating buildings and cutting people off from facilities like electricity.
		At that time - unlike today - the river was teeming with life - crayfish, yabbies, Murray Cod called Ponde in the Ngarrindjeri language, pelicans, fl swans, which the Abdulla family would hunt, cook and eat, and water rats that they would trap, then sell their fur.
		At first glance, Ian Abdulla's brightly coloured paintings of the Murray River, inspired by his childhood memories, are interpreted by some art lovers as conveying little more than nostalgia for the irretrievable past.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/talks/perspective/stories/s895015.htm (725 words)

	Murray River Crayfish - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Murray River Crayfish - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Although identical in shape to the marine lobster, the freshwater crayfish is more adaptable, being able to live in freshwater streams, ponds, and even terrestrial burrows.
		In some agricultural areas of Spain, crayfish are so abundant they are considered pests.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461518736_761578956_-1_1/Murray_River_Crayfish.html (48 words)

	Contact the Insectarium of Victoria.
		DNRE pamphlet on the identification of freshwater crayfish of the genus Euastacus (Parastacidae).
		DNRE pamphlet on the identification of freshwater crayfish of the genus Euastacus.
		Thesis on the biology of endemic tasmanian freshwater crayfish (Parastacidae).
	www.insectarium.org /librarysubject.html (1283 words)

	CSIRO Land and Water - Land and Water Link - November 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Murray crayfish, river snails and river mussels are now extinct in the lower Murray.
		Reduced salinity levels in the lower Murray have been heralded as one of the positive outcomes in recent years.
		Solutions for the Murray and the communities and industries that depend on the river will be no less complex than the underlying problems.
	www.clw.csiro.au /publications/clw-link/clwlink-15/page06.html (1012 words)

	Murray Crayfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Murray Crayfish once occurred throughout most of the Murray River and its major tributaries, but has largely disappeared from the lower reaches of the Murray.
		The Murray Crayfish is one of the largest freshwater crustaceans in the world rivalled only by the Tasmanian species, Astacopsis gouldi.
		The increasing salinity in the lower reaches of the Murray and the lack of natural water flow due to barrages are probably responsible for its demise in South Australia.
	www.samuseum.sa.gov.au /extinctions/cray.htm (84 words)

	Yarrawonga-Mulwala Tourism - have a holiday at Lake Mulwala, you'll love every minute of it!
		The Murray Cod was once abundant throughout the Murray-Darling river system, but overfishing and environmental changes have drastically reduced its numbers.
		Murray crayfish are found in the Murray River.
		Crayfish carrying eggs or young under their tail are protected and must be returned to the water.
	www.yarrawongamulwala.com.au /fishing.html (485 words)

	Sightseeing South Australia - Murraylands
		The peace and tranquility of the river, teamed with the endless options for water-based activities means a holiday on the river can be as relaxing or action packed as you like.
		The Murray cod is the largest freshwater fish in the river system and can weigh up to 100kgs.
		Silver perch, catfish and Murray River crayfish are totally protected species and must be returned to the waters immediately while the European carp, mosquito fish and red fin are non native species and it is illegal to return them to the river.
	www.sightseeing.com.au /Murraylands/story.php?StoryID=77 (874 words)

	Current Research Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		There is limited baseline data on the biology and habitat requirements of Murray crayfish in both the Murrumbidgee and Murray River systems.
		A previous study (Asmus 1999) examined the effects of recreational fishing on Murray crayfish in the Murrumbidgee and suggested that there was a greater proportion of females with increasing fishing pressure.
		This decision was based on a perceived decline in crayfish numbers and not on clear scientific evidence.
	www.csu.edu.au /faculty/sciagr/sst/ecology/research.html (3893 words)

	FishVictoria.com - Fish Fax 96
		New South Wales anglers, barred from the Murray itself by the NSW closed season, were crossing the border to fish for crayfish in Victorian waters.
		Consequently, the reservoir’s Murray crayfish population is vulnerable to excessive harvest during the cooler months when they are most often targeted by recreational anglers.
		Although bag and size limits currently restrict the recreational harvest of Murray crayfish from inland waters, including Waranga Basin, there is concern that these measures will not adequately protect the lake’s population at this time.
	www.fishvictoria.com /pnews/fish_fax/fishfax96.php (809 words)

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