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Topic: Musa of Parthia

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	Musa - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Musa, one of three genera in the family Musaceae that includes bananas and plantains.
		A Musa connector is a type of coaxial connector used in the telecommunications and video industries.
		Jebel Musa, Morocco, a mountain known as one of the pillars of Hercules.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Musa (191 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Parthia
		Parthia was led by the Arsacid dynasty, who reunited and ruled over the Iranian plateau, taking over the eastern provinces of the Greek Seleucid Empire, beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 150 BCE and 224 CE.
		Parthia (mostly due to their invention of heavy cavalry) was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the east; and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia).
		A bust from The National Museum of Iran of Queen Musa, wife of Phraates IV of Parthia, excavated by a French team in Khuzestan, Iran in 1939.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Parthia (3138 words)

	Parthia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the East and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia).
		Parthia controlled the Silk Road, the trade route between the Mediterranean Sea and China.
		In 41 BCE, Parthia, led by Labienus, invaded Syria, Cilicia, and Caria and attacked Phrygia and Asia Minor.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Parthia (2986 words)

	Musa Information - Online Prescription Medication Directory
		Musa (crater), an impact crater on Saturn's moon Enceladus
		Musa of Darfur, a 17th century ruler of Darfur
		Musa bin Nusair (640-716), Yemeni Muslim governor and general under the Umayyads, Viceroy of North Africa since 698, invaded Spain in 711
	www.prescriptiondrug-info.com /drug_information_online.asp?title=Musa (274 words)

	Musa of Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A bust from The National Museum of Iran of Queen Musa, excavated by a French team in Khuzestan in 1939.
		Called Thermusa by Josephus, she was an Italian slave given as a concubine by the Roman emperor Augustus (27 BC – AD 14) to king Phraates IV of Parthia (37–2 BC) as part payment for the return of the eagles lost by Marcus Licinius Crassus in the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC.
		She became a favourite of Phraates IV and he made her his legitimate wife under the name of "the goddess Musa"; her son Phraates V (2 BC – AD 4), commonly called Phraataces (a diminutive form), he appointed successor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Musa_of_Parthia (279 words)

	Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In his accounts Parthia is named "Ānxī" (Chinese: 安息), a transliteration of "Arsacid", the name of the Parthian dynasty.
		In 53 BCE, the Roman general Crassus invaded Parthia, but was defeated at the Battle of Carrhae by a Parthian commander called Surena in the Greek and Latin sources, most likely a member of the Sûrên clan.
		The English noun Parthia derives from Latin Parthia, from Old Persian Parthava-, a dialectical variant of the stem Parsa-, from which Persia derives.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Parthia (2868 words)

	Untitled Document
		Armenia being a client nation of Parthia, the standards wound up with the others in the Parthian capital (which was starting to have a pretty impressive collection).
		The return of the lost standards was one of the great accomplishments of Augustus' reign, being noted on the coinage, illustrated on statues and recorded on the walls of Augustus' tomb.
		Musa used her beauty, charms and lethal cunning to move her son by Phraates up the short list of possible heirs, the list ever growing shorter as other sons were banished, traded to Rome as hostages or mysteriously poisoned.
	www.joviel.com /tn/musa_text.html (977 words)

	SOME COMMENTS ON PARTHIAN HISTORY by Robert M. Harlick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Parthia did not spring up full-blown-- in the 7th century the Assyrians raided an area called Parthia, and 100 years later Cyrus the Great included Parthia in the Persian empire.
		During 95-57 "Dark Ages" of Parthia the succession the throne was always in doubt and contested.
		Crassus invaded Parthia probably in support of Mithradates III, and at a meeting with the Parthians, Crassus was murdered.
	ancient-coins.com /articles/parthia/parthia2.htm (851 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Musa was a slave woman from Italy who became the wife of the ruler of Parthia.
		Musa was part of a gift Augustus gave to the king of Parthia, which lay south of the Caspian Sea in Asia.
		Musa persuaded her husband to send his older sons, along with their wives and children, to Rome.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=AGRW0320 (190 words)

	Musa - Everything on Musa (information, latest news, articles,...)
		Jebel Musa, a mountain in the northernmost part of Morocco on the African side of the Straits of Gibraltar.
		KUALA LUMPUR: Tan Sri Musa Hassan steps into the hot seat as the country's Top Cop at a time when crime rates are rising.
		A year ago, when he was still in the process of recovering from a horrid broken leg that threatened to end his career, Musa Smith would have been happy to be a significant contributor to the special teams unit...
	www.spiritus-temporis.com /musa (391 words)

	Persian Empire By Pejman Azadi - The Parthia (Ashkanian) Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The people are settled on the land, cultivating the fields and growing rice and wheat.
		envoy first visited the kingdom of Anxi (Parthia), the king of Anxi dispatched a party of 20,000 horsemen to meet them on the eastern border of the kingdom...
		economic crisis for three or four decades, and the consequences of the looting for Parthia were dire.
	pejman.azadi.googlepages.com /theparthia(ashkanian)empire (2173 words)

	Queen Musa
		Cleared of any rivals to her son, she poisoned her husband in 2 B.C. to have her son Phraataces succeed his father to the throne.
		While the reason for the union is not fully clear, Musa then married her son and continued to effect great influence on the court, perhaps the reason that Phraataces was deposed in A.D. 4 and fled to Syria.
		Queen Musa's portrait appears on the reverse side of Sellwood type 58 coins of Phraataces.
	www.parthia.com /musa.htm (155 words)

	The Parthian Ruler's List
		Re-established strong central control in Parthia and influence in Armenian affairs, and was responsible for defeating Roman ambitions in the east, most notably with the defeat of Crassus at Carrhae in 53 BC.
		Musa was a slave-girl given to Phraates as part of an exchange of gifts with the Romans.
		Musa's portrait appears on certain issues of Phraatakes' coinage along with his own.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/43333 (1589 words)

	orodes: Parthia Drachm Orodes Sellwood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Parthia - Orodes I: c.90-80 BC Click here to see the coins for sale in our store from this period.
		Orodes III of Parthia and Princess Daughter of Alexander of Judea
		Glaphyre of Cappadocia Orodes III of Parthia Princess Daughter of Alexander of Judea b.
	www.beehivedonkey.org /orodes.html (257 words)

	IRANIAN HISTORY: PARTHIANS: Dynasty of Arsacid Empire - (CAIS) ©
		This Mithridates and his successors achieved in a series of campaigns against the Seleucid invaders and later the Romans in the west, and in the east against the Greco-Bactrian kingdom and the nomadic peoples who again and again emerged from the steppes between the Oxus and the Jaxartes.
		Even Mithridates II, however, soon came up against an internal problem which was eventually to prove a contributory factor in the downfall of the Parthian empire: the power and influence of the Parthian nobility, represented by a few great families, were from now on in a position to oppose the monarch frequently.
		One instance of this was the accession of Mithridates I. It was customary for the eldest son to succeed to the throne, but in this case Phraates 1 passed over his numerous sons and appointed as king his brother Mithridates.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/ashkanian/arsacid_dynasty.htm (7125 words)

	PARTHIA - NumisWiki, The Collaborative Numismatics Project
		Clearly, meaningful contact with Greek had been lost by this time,at least as far as coin production was concerned, and the inscription had become little more than a piece of decoration.
		The classification of the Arsacid coinage is far from certain, more especially in the period before Phraates IV, when the coins are, as a rule, undated, and only the dynastic name (‘Arsaces’) of each sovereign is recorded.
		Parthia, a region of Asia, whose inhabitants were called Parthi, ortiginally the most inveterate enemies of the Roman name, and who, under their King Orodes, having laid a snare for Crassus, into which that unfortunate gerneral fell, detroyed him and his whole army in one general slaughter.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /numiswiki/view.asp?key=PARTHIA (1461 words)

	Persian Empire by Pejman Azadi - Persian Gulf & Iran's Sovereignty over the Tunbs & Abu Musâ Islands in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1954, it was a village in Abu Musa district of Bandar Lengeh port city.
		In 1958, Abu Musa and Great Tunb districts jointed together and formed a large district with Kish Island as its center.
		The Lesser Tunb Island is neighboring the city of Lengeh in the north, Abu Musa Island in the south, the Greater Tunb Island in the east and Faroo and Faroogan islands in the west.
	azadi.pejman.googlepages.com /home (1426 words)

	Musa : Sirchin - The Free Encyclopedia And Other Stuff
		There are over 50 species of Musa with a broad variety of uses.
		Pakistani officials had said that Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah was killed in North...
		In order to ramp up the fear and paranoia, we are told Dhiren Barot, also known as Abu Eisa al-Hindi or Abu Musa al-Hindi (noting his Hindu origin) and dozens of other aliases, moved freely between several countries, plotting mayhem and...
	musa.unclassified.sirchin.com (288 words)

	A General History of the Near East, Chapter 7
		He was planning to invade Parthia and avenge the defeat of Crassus when he was assassinated in 44 B.C. A leader in the conspiracy against Caesar was Gaius Cassius Longinus, the general who had defeated the Parthians in the first campaign of Pacorus.
		Beyond the Roman Empire, were two major trade routes: the famous Silk Road that passed through Syria, Parthia and Central Asia to reach China, and the sea passage that connected India with the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.
		The trouble started in 161 when Parthia's Vologaeses III (148-192) felt he was strong enough to take on the Roman legions.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neareast/ne07.html (15560 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The Annals by Tacitus
		For although he had driven before him armies and generals from Rome, Phraates had shown to Augustus every token of reverence and had sent him some of his children, to cement the friendship, not so much from dread of us as from distrust of the loyalty of his countrymen.
		The conquered Vonones found a refuge in Armenia, then a free country, and exposed to the power of Parthia and Rome, without being trusted by either, in consequence of the crime of Antonius, who, under the guise of friendship, had inveigled Artavasdes, king of the Armenians, then loaded him with chains, and finally murdered him.
		Germanicus' answer as to the alliance between Rome and Parthia was dignified; as to the king's visit and the respect shown to himself, it was graceful and modest.
	classics.mit.edu /Tacitus/annals.2.ii.html (10829 words)

	INVESTITURE DURING PARTHIAN DYNASTY - (CAIS) ©
		His consort and mother, the Roman slave Musa, who is sometimes shown on the reverse of his coins, only receives divine investiture from one deity.
		Sellwood, The Coinage of Parthia, London, 1980, 2nd rev. ed.
		Wroth, Catalogue of the Coins of Parthia in the British Museum.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/ashkanian/investiture_parthian.htm (1730 words)

	musa zebrina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Musa bin Nusair (640-716), Yemeni Muslim governor and general under the Umayyads.
		The Banu Musa brothers, Persian scholars, sons of the previous
		Musa (film), a 2001 South Korean epic film.
	38547-zebrina.147.nedmstick.com (323 words)

	ParthianEmpire.htm
		Written literature of Parthians did not survive, so their history had to be put together from Greek, Roman and Chinese historical literature.
		In 206 BCE, the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great made the Parthians to submit to him and forbid minting coins in the name of the parthian king.
		Decline of the Parthia came during the reign of King Vologases V (191-208 CE).
	www.worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C5/ParthianEmpire/ParthianEmpire.htm (242 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Initially considered illegitimate, Phraataces became a genuine heir when Phraates married the slave, made her his queen and changed her name from Thesmusa to Thea Musa.
		Phraates replaced his sons with Phraataces, sending them to Rome as willing hostages of Augustus.
		Unable to rely upon his nobles, who viewed him as illegitimate and an upstart, Phraataces made a settlement with Rome that secured the recognition by the Roman Empire of Parthia as a prominent state in the world.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME1289 (193 words)

	Numismatic References, Parthia
		= Jan Willem Drijvers, 'Strabo On Parthia and the Parthians,' Das Partherreich und Seine Zeugnisse, Historia 122 Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart (1998)
		= Janos Harmatta, 'Parthia and Elymais In the 2nd Century BC,' Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Tomus XXIX Akademiai Kiado, Budapest (1981)
		= Jeffrey D. Lerner, The Impact of Seleucid Decline on the Eastern Iranian Plateau: The Foundations of Arsacid Parthia and Graeco-Bactria, Franz Steiner, Stuttgart (1999)
	www.grifterrec.com /coins/reference/reference-par.html (2236 words)

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