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Topic: Muscle fiber

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	Tetanus of a muscle fiber
		In a previous simulation, the Recruitment of Motor Units, you studied the mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle of a cat.
		The functional unit of the muscles is the sarcomere.
		The units of the y-axis are percentages of the maximum tension generated by a single twitch contraction of the muscle fiber.
	www.unm.edu /~toolson/435_tetanus_of_a_muscle_fiber_introduction.html (487 words)

	Muscle Fiber Types and Training
		The differences in the speeds of contraction that gives the fibers their names can be explained, in part, by the rates of release of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (the muscle's storage site for calcium) and by the activity of the enzyme (myosin-ATPase) that breaks down ATP inside the myosin head of the contractile proteins.
		Differences in muscle fiber com- position among athletes have raised the question of whether muscle structure is an acquired trait or is genetically determined.
		Muscles produce force by recruiting motor units (a group of muscle fibers innervated by a motor neuron) along a gradient.
	www.coachr.org /fiber.htm (2198 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Muscle fiber
		A muscle fiber, also spelled muscle fibre (see spelling differences), also technically known as a myocyte, is a single cell of a muscle.
		Muscle fibres can be grouped according to what kind of tissue they are found in -- skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.
		Type I muscle fibers are typically found in muscles of animals that require endurance, such as chicken leg muscles or the wing muscles of migrating birds (e.g., geese).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Muscle_fiber (496 words)

	Discover how to develop your slow, fast, and super-fast muscle fiber
		Muscle composition is important because it's the fitness training that targets the super fast-twitch muscle that makes your body produce the most powerful body fat-reducing, muscle-toning, fitness hormone in your body, growth hormone.
		Many continue developing slow-twitch muscle (less than half of their muscle fiber) with weight training, jogging, and cardio at the gym, but drop the training that develops their fast muscle fiber.
		Don't neglect slow-muscle because this is 40% of your muscle fiber, and to a degree, it serves as a base for the development of the fast and super-fast muscle fiber.
	www.readysetgofitness.com /newsletter/11_muscle_fiber_types.html (699 words)

	Tetanus of a muscle fiber
		Does the muscle fiber generate tension immediately after each stimulus is applied, or is there a delay between the time of the stimulus and the time that tension is first generated?
		Determine the incremental tension of the fifth twitch in each tracing (i.e., the difference between the maximum tension generated during the fifth and the tension present in the muscle fiber at the start of the fifth twitch).
		Had we used an entire muscle in this experiment instead of an individual muscle fiber, we would have obtained qualitatively similar results, with the principal difference being in the amount of tension generated during twitch contractions and tetanus.
	www.unm.edu /~toolson/435_tetanus_of_a_muscle_fiber_protocols.html (573 words)

	Muscle Fiber
		In the proposed model the muscle fiber is composed of EMUS, the behavior of which depends on two generalized co-ordinates: Z, which characterizes the deformation of the passive elastic element of the EMU; and Q which corresponds to the deformation of the active contractile element, encapsulated in a rigid shell.
		This corresponds to increasing the cross-section of the fiber on shortening.
		It is significant that the discussed model distinguishes between isotonic mode at the level of EMU and at the level of muscle fiber.
	www.arielnet.com /adi2001/adi/services/library/articles/musclefiber.asp (669 words)

	Blue Histology - Muscle
		During contraction, the tensile force generated by individual muscle cells is conveyed to the surrounding connective tissue by the sheath of reticular fibres.
		The muscle surrounding the upper one-third of the oesophagus is skeletal muscle.
		Intercalated discs invariably occur at the ends of cardiac muscle cells in a region corresponding to the Z-line of the myofibrils (the last Z-line of the myofibril within the cell is "replaced" by the intercalated disk of the cell membrane).
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /mb140/CorePages/Muscle/Muscle.htm (3429 words)

	SIU SOM Histology SSB
		The many nuclei within each fiber are displaced from the center of the fiber by the specialized sarcoplasm and are located adjacent to the sarcolemma (except in special cases, like the intrafusal fibers of muscle spindles, and regenerated fibers).
		Each muscle spindle consists of an encapsulated cluster of small striated muscle fibers ("intrafusal muscle fibers") with somewhat unusual structure (e.g., nuclei may be concentrated in a cluster near the middle of the fiber's length).
		The endomysium permits the forces of contraction to be passed from each muscle fiber toward the ends of the muscle where the fibrocollagenous tissue of endomysium, perimysium and epimysium join together to form tendon, fascia, or direct attachment to bone.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/ssb/muscle.htm (1931 words)

	muscle fiber regeneration
		Muscle shortening ability is assessed by the flexed arm angle, which is the angle at the elbow taken as the subject attempts to fully flex the forearm, while keeping the elbow fixed at the side (7).
		Spontaneous muscle shortening is assessed by the relaxed arm angle, which is the angle at the elbow when the subject allows the arm to hang freely by the side (7).
		While the spontaneous shortening of muscle fibers may appear incompatible with the stretched sarcomere theory previously mentioned, it should be noted that stretched sarcomeres would still be able to produce tension, especially in the resting state.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~excs597k/sullivan (2675 words)

	Muscle Fiber (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Using a simulation approach a finite muscle fiber model is formed, based upon a formalized rule of recruiting of elementary motor units (EMU).
		In the proposed model the muscle fiber is composed of EMUS, the behavior of which depends on two generalized co-ordinates: Z, which characterizes the deformation of the passive elastic element of the EMU; and Q which corresponds to the deformation of the active contractile element, encapsulated in a rigid shell.
		This corresponds to increasing the cross-section of the fiber on shortening.
	www.sportscience.org /main/adw-47.html (639 words)

	Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
		A muscle fiber from a thigh muscle could have a diameter of 100 µm and a length equal to that of the entire muscle (up to 30 cm, or 12 in.).
		In a skeletal muscle fiber, a sudden change in the transmembrane potential is the first step that leads to a contraction.
		At each end of the skeletal muscle fiber, the myofibrils are anchored to the inner surface of the sarcolemma.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/martinidemo/chapter10/medialib/CH10/html/ch10_3_3.html (2346 words)

	Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type
		I think it is one that involves subjecting muscle fibers to high tension overload (enough to induce injury) followed by a regenerative period.
		Muscle fiber formation and fiber hypertrophy during the onset of stretch-overload.
		The relationship between mean muscle fiber area and the muscle cross-sectional area of the thigh in subjects with large differences in thigh girth.
	home.hia.no /~stephens/hypplas.htm (3026 words)

	Structure and Composition of Muscle
		Muscle that is attached directly or indirectly to the skeleton.
		Golgi complex -- many of these are located in the muscle fiber and serve the same purpose as those in regular cells.
		Extracellular fibers -- Primarily comprised of collagen, elastin, and reticulin.
	meat.tamu.edu /structure.html (686 words)

	Muscle Fiber Types (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers are two general types of muscle fibers that make up the skeletal muscles, and each has its own advantages given certain situations.
		These fibers have a much higher force output than Type I muscle fibers and are larger in size as well.
		This particular fiber is extremely strong, however because of this it is very susceptible to fatigue and injury.
	www.fergsfitness.com /\/musclefibers.htm (583 words)

	Muscle Fiber
		In the proposed model the muscle fiber is composed of EMUS, the behavior of which depends on two generalized co-ordinates: Z, which characterizes the deformation of the passive elastic element of the EMU; and Q which corresponds to the deformation of the active contractile element, encapsulated in a rigid shell.
		This corresponds to increasing the cross-section of the fiber on shortening.
		It is significant that the discussed model distinguishes between isotonic mode at the level of EMU and at the level of muscle fiber.
	www.sportsci.com /adi2001/adi/services/library/articles/musclefiber.asp (701 words)

	Basic Skeletal Muscle Structure (page 1) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A closer view of a muscle fiber showing surface openings leading to the insides of tubes called transverse tubules, a meshwork of sarcoplasmic reticula and myofibrils with their A and I bands and Z lines.
		Each muscle fiber is a single, cylindrical cell and is formed by the fusion of many cells called myoblasts, forming a multinucleated cell.
		The muscle fiber (cell) is composed of many organelles called myofibrils that run the entire length of the muscle fiber and link to the tendons at the end of the fiber.
	www.bergen.org /ACADEMY/Bio/molbio/AAMB5_Lesson/STRIATEDMUSC/MusclePage1.html (1606 words)

	Muscle Physiology - Fiber Structure
		The contraction signal is spread rapidly along the fiber by means of the T-tubule system, which signals the rapid release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticuluum (SR).
		Each fiber is associated with a population of satellite cells.
		This fusion appears to be an essential part of fiber growth and hypertrophy.
	muscle.ucsd.edu /MusIntro/Myofiber.shtml (317 words)

	Understanding Muscle Fiber Type
		Individual muscles are made up of individual muscle fibers and these fibers are further organized into motor units grouped within each muscle.
		Therefore, if one lacks fast twitch fiber but also has a very efficient nervous system capable of recruiting nearly all the FT fiber they do have, they will tend to have superior performance in comparison to someone with a less efficient nervous system and lots of fast twitch fiber.
		Another reason that fiber typing may be largely disregarded is that studies in both man and animal have consistently shown a fast to slow conversion in response to training of any kind.
	www.higher-faster-sports.com /muscletyping.html (2766 words)

	Muscle Fiber Types :: Provided by MyFoodDiary.com
		I've heard that genetically, a person's muscle fibers are either made for aerobic type activities like running, or anaerobic activities like jumping or sprinting.
		Slow twitch or aerobic muscle fibers have a high capacity for the use of oxygen for energy.
		The more slow twitch fibers an athlete has, the more he or she is suited to long duration exercise, such as middle to long distance running, and the less he or she is suited for explosive activities.
	www.myfooddiary.com /resources/ask_the_expert/muscle_fiber_type.asp (451 words)

	muscle fiber definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		muscle fiber definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Search for "muscle fiber" in all of MSN Encarta
		unit of muscle tissue: a basic contracting unit of striated muscle such as that in arms and legs, formed from several fused elongated cells myofibrils that contract when stimulated
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861693942/muscle_fiber.html (92 words)

	Growth cone choices of Drosophila motoneurons in response to muscle fiber mismatch -- Chiba et al. 13 (2): 714 -- ...
		the absence of the distal muscle fiber 13.
		muscle fibers, and therefore their relative positions, are altered.
		Muscle pattern diversification in Drosophila is determined by the autonomous function of homeotic genes in the embryonic mesoderm
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/13/2/714 (733 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Kelly Baggett - Understanding Muscle Fiber Types.
		Individual muscles are made up of individual muscle fibers and these fibers are further organized into motor units grouped within each muscle.
		Therefore, if one lacks fast twitch fiber but also has a very efficient nervous system capable of recruiting nearly all the FT fiber they do have, they will tend to have superior performance in comparison to someone with a less efficient nervous system and lots of fast twitch fiber.
		Another reason that fiber typing may be largely disregarded is that studies in both man and animal have consistently shown a fast to slow conversion in response to training of any kind.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/kelly13.htm (2971 words)

	Muscles
		Smooth muscle is found in the walls of all the hollow organs of the body (except the heart).
		Nerves of the autonomic branch of the nervous system lead to both smooth and cardiac muscle, but their effect is one of moderating the rate and/or strength of contraction.
		Cellular respiration not only is required to meet the ATP needs of a muscle engaged in prolonged activity (thus causing more rapid and deeper breathing), but is also required afterwards to enable the body to resynthesize glycogen from the lactic acid produced earlier (deep breathing continues for a time after exercise is stopped).
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Muscles.html (3337 words)

	McGeo Squash Racquets and Squash Equipment
		The human body is made up of two muscle fiber types, slow twitch, known as Type 1A, and fast twitch, known as Type 2.
		Intensity, or force is a factor in the enrollment of muscle fiber.
		Different muscle fiber types are called upon depending on the intensity of the activity.
	www.mcgeosquash.com /training.html (677 words)

	eMedicine - Single-Fiber EMG : Article by David E Stickler, MD
		Fiber density is a sensitive means of detecting and quantitating rearrangement of the muscle fiber topography in the motor unit; it is increased in neurogenic conditions but also in some myopathies.
		As the patient voluntarily activates the muscle, the electrode is positioned to record with maximum amplitude the AP from one muscle fiber.
		When the SFEMG electrode is positioned to record from 2 or more muscle fibers in one voluntarily activated motor unit, the neuromuscular jitter is seen as variations in the time intervals between pairs of APs from these fibers (Images 4-5).
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic343.htm (3006 words)

	Muscle Fiber Types/ Body Types
		The number of muscle fibers and type (fast twitch or slow twitch) in your body was determined during the 2nd trimester of your mother's pregnancy.
		Each of your muscle fibers is composed of 75 percent water, 20 percent protein, 5 percent phosphates, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids.
		Their muscles are not well defined and they have a higher fat to muscle ratio on their trunks and limbs.
	www.betterbodz.com /Tom/muscle_fiber_types_body_ty.html (824 words)

	Muscle
		In the second figure, the hamstring muscles are relaxed when the knee is bent, particularly as the hip is further extended; the gluteus maximus are thereby more exclusively involved in hip extension.
		Muscles that primarily maintain posture against gravity require more endurance and generally have a higher percentage of slow-twitch fibers.
		Muscles that produce powerful, rapid, explosive strength movements tend to have a greater percentage of fast-twitch fibers.
	www.exrx.net /ExInfo/Muscle.html (484 words)

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