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Topic: Muscles of mastication

Related Topics

Temporalis muscle

Trigeminal nerve

Buccinator muscle

Digestion

Trigeminal neuralgia

Duodenum

Jet engine

	Mastication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mastication or chewing is the process by which food is torn and/or crushed by teeth.
		The primary muscles of mastication, each of which is paired, are the temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid.
		It is thought that feedback from proprioceptive nerves in teeth and the temporomandibular joints govern the creation of neural pathways, which in turn determine duration and force of individual muscle activation (and in some cases muscle fibre groups as in the masseter and temporalis).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mastication (471 words)

	IV. Myology. 4e. The Muscles of Mastication. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The deep portion of the muscle is partly concealed, in front, by the superficial portion; behind, it is covered by the parotid gland.
		Its fibers converge as they descend, and end in a tendon, which passes deep to the zygomatic arch and is inserted into the medial surface, apex, and anterior border of the coronoid process, and the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible nearly as far forward as the last molar tooth.
		383) is a short, thick muscle, somewhat conical in form, which extends almost horizontally between the infratemporal fossa and the condyle of the mandible.
	www.bartleby.com /107/109.html (762 words)

	Temporalis muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As with the other muscles of mastication, control of the temporalis muscle comes from the third (mandibular) branch of the trigeminal nerve.
		The muscle can be felt if one places their fingers on their temples (on the sides of their head, just behind the eyebrows), while clenching and unclenching their teeth.
		The temporalis muscle is covered by the temporal aponeurosis which has its origin in the superior temporalis line and inserts in the zygomatic bone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Temporalis_muscle (355 words)

	Chapter 11: The Muscular System
		The muscles of facial expression, the muscles of mastication (chewing), the muscles of the tongue, and the muscles of the pharynx originate on the skull or hyoid bone.
		We shall discuss the intrinsic eye muscles, which control the diameter of the pupil and the shape of the lens, and the tiny skeletal muscles associated with the auditory ossicles, in Chapter 17.
		The muscles of mastication are innervated by the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/martinidemo/chapter11/medialib/CH11/html/ch11_4_1.html (1155 words)

	cat-muscles
		This muscle is the cutaneous maximus which adheres to the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis muscles in the axillary region.
		The clavotrapezius is a large anterior muscle extending from neck to shoulder; an extension of this muscle onto the shoulder is the clavobrachialis.
		The acromiotrapezius is a thin muscle extending from the occipital bone to the metacromion process of the scapula and is the middle of the three trapezius muscles.
	core.ecu.edu /biol/singhasc/cat-muscles.htm (1571 words)

	Skeletal Muscle
		Muscle fibers of this muscle are found in both the upper and lower eyelid, giving the muscle a circular profile.
		Interestingly, the cat's rectus muscle is not segmented; that is, its muscle is not interrupted by tendinous inscriptions.
		The muscle compartments of the upper limb are supplied by branches of the brachial plexus; those of the lower limb by branches of the lumbosacral plexus.
	ext.sac.edu /faculty_staff/mansfield_patricia/6head.html (1705 words)

	Feeding and swallowing
		Describe the role of the lower facial muscles and tongue muscles in preparing a bolus prior to swallowing.
		The forces that move the mandible during chewing are the muscles of mastication.
		Intact sensation, muscle coordination, and muscle strength are necessary during the oral preparatory, oral, and pharyngeal phases of eating.
	moon.ouhsc.edu /dthompso/namics/swallow.htm (673 words)

	DrClaytonChan.com
		Muscles under the chin, the facial muscles (side of face), limited mouth opening, loose teeth, clenching/ bruxing, postural problems, paresthesia of fingertips and hands, nervousness, insomnia are just a few of the over 12o different signs and symptoms of TMJ.
		The human body, which includes the teeth, the muscles of the head and neck, the TM Joints, the neurology that innervates the system of mastication and posturing of the head and neck are all parts of what the dental profession should consider when diagnosing and treating our patients comprehensively.
		To relax the muscles of mastication, a gentle pulsating stimulus is applied to the skin for approximately one hours.
	www.tmjcare.com /treatment/tmj/whatisit.html (2388 words)

	Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (Mar.1998)
		The muscles of mastication are primarily involved, and the condition is characterized by a unilateral dull, aching pain which increases with muscular use.
		Myositis is an acute condition with inflammation of the muscle and connective tissue with associated pain and edema and a decreased range of motion.
		Muscle spasm is considered an acute contraction of a muscle caused by an overstretching or overuse of a muscle.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/tmj-1998/tmj.htm (3878 words)

	Answers to MCQs on Page 3
		The muscles of mastication are derived from the first branchial arch, supplied by the mandibular nerve.
		Regarding C : The muscle that elevates the upper eyelid and thus "opens the eye" is a member of the ocular muscle group, supplied by the oculomotor nerve (III).
		Muscles of the tongue are NOT of branchial arch origin at all.
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /hfa213/213AssemtPagesAvinash/Exam02MCQ03Ans.htm (1192 words)

	CHAPTER 48: THE PAROTID, TEMPORAL AND INFRATEMPORAL REGIONS
		The muscles of mastication are the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid.
		The muscles of mastication are tested by palpating the temporalis and masseter on clenching of the teeth.
		It crosses the lateral surface of the hyoglossus, passes deep to the mylohyoid muscle, crosses the submandibular duct, and curves upward on the genioglossus.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_8/chapter_48.html (3712 words)

	TMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		* The neural innervation of the muscles of mastication is from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve; blood is supplied by the muscular branches of the maxillary artery.
		Trauma - causes muscle guarding due to the pain-spasm cycle, which increases the pull of the lateral pterygoid muscle on the disc, resulting in a stretching of the posterior and lateral collateral ligaments.
		To muscle test the main opening muscles of the jaw (inferior head of the lateral pterygoid), the client opens his/her jaw slightly and resists the therapist’s "strong" closing force applied to the client’s chin.
	www.appstate.edu /~clarkhm/neuropages/tmj.html (1655 words)

	Dr. Vidt's Website - Health Issues
		Five muscle groups in the dog are involved in the process of mastication - four muscles are responsible for closing the mouth and one with opening the mouth.
		In some cases, autoantibodies are present, fixed to the unique muscles fibers present in the muscles of mastication (Type II M fibers) and the presence of anti-Type II M antibodies in the serum of some dogs with the disease.
		Often the insertion of the temporal muscle on the lower jaw is surgically incised and released.
	www.drjwv.com /article.php?view=0007.php (946 words)

	Face and Pharynx
		(CN V) Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid muscle tensor veli palitini muscle, tensor tympani muscle, anterior belly of the digastric muscle
		Muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid muscle, stapedius muscle posterior belly of digastric muscle
		Muscles of soft palate (except tensor veli palatini) and muscles of pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), cricothyroid muscle, cricopharyngeus muscle,
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/embryology/embryo/09faceandpharynx.htm (211 words)

	PetPlace.com - Article: Masticatory Muscle Myositis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		MMM is an inflammatory condition which specifically affects the muscles of mastication or chewing.
		Muscle atrophy of the muscles of mastication is usually an important feature of this disease; however, the dogs have clinical signs of weakness, and possible lameness, as well as reluctance to exercise.
		This disease is caused by loss of normal nerve function of the trigeminal nerve, which supplies nerve branches to the muscles of mastication.
	www.petplace.com /articles/artPrinterFriendly.asp?conID=22953 (558 words)

	Many approaches to TMD (Tempero Mandibular Dysfunction) treatment have been practiced over the years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The principles of physiology inform us that nerve impulses activate the muscles. The muscles, in turn, contract and move the bones to which they are attached. Movement of that part of the organism is the result.
		Let us consider the operation of the jaw. The nerve impulses are carried through the Trigeminal Nerve - the Fifth Cranial nerve. The muscles of mastication contract in response to move the lower jaw - the mandible.
		This muscle accommodation range is variable by many factors. We will discuss these factors later. But once the muscles accommodate in favor of the teeth, the third component of the "Stomatognathic triad" - the 'TM Joints' is affected. This leads to various "joint" problems that we will address later.
	www.healthyteethforlife.com /whatsnewdetail.cfm?key_id=672 (264 words)

	Lecture Notes - Infratemporal Fossa
		All muscles of mastication are innervated by motor branches of the mandibular division of CN-V, and their arterial supply is provided by branches off the maxillary artery.
		BRUXISM: consists on the grinding of teeth for nonfunctional purposes in response to an increased tonus of the muscles of mastication.
		This is a combined hinge and gliding synovial articulation containing an articular disc interposed between the condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa/articular eminence of the temporal bone.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy/html/head/infratemp_lecture.html (1339 words)

	American Institute for Advanced Dental Studies, Cosmetic Neuromuscular TMJ TMD Dentistry - AACD 2003 Response to Fou
		Occlusal relationship should not result in pathology for the muscles of mastication, should be clinically reproducible, comfortable to the patient, and prevent unnecessary joint, periodontal or tooth stress.
		Muscles are the source of power for function and parafunction, and nerves control the muscles.
		To focus on deprogramming or preventing the muscles of mastication from functioning, assumes the parafunctional or hyperfunctional activity is itself the pathology and not possibly a “protective” or “purposeful” response to a more serious underlying etiology and pathology.
	www.teachingsmiles.com /wst_page9.html (3773 words)

	What is Trismus?
		The muscles of mastication (also called the 'elevator muscles') consist of the Temporalis, Masseter, Medial pterygoid and Lateral pterygoid.
		Studies have shown that muscles that fail to move through their range of motion for as little as three days begin to show signs of atrophy.
		Swallowing is compromised when, due to muscle damage, surgery or radiation, the larynx is unable to be properly elevated, or when the timing of the elevation does not coincide with the passage of the bolus.
	www.oralcancerfoundation.org /dental/trismus.htm (3310 words)

	Temporomandibular and Orofacial Disorders: A Functional Perspective
		When considering the muscles of mastication and their treatment in relation to TMD, the frequent reply is often unfortunately singular.
		The muscles involved with elevation of the mandible are the masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid.
		Antagonists to the muscles of elevation are the muscles of mandibular depression.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/16/12/04.html (1067 words)

	PetPlace.com - Article: Masticatory Muscle Myositis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) is an inflammatory condition involving the muscles of mastication or chewing in the dog.
		These muscles are composed of a unique type of fiber that is not found in other skeletal muscles.
		The acute form is characterized by specific inflammatory cell infiltrates in the muscle and resultant muscle cell death.
	www.petplace.com /articles/artPrinterFriendly.asp?all=1&conID=22952 (1841 words)

	Muscles of Mastication: Form dictates function
		Masseters are the strongest muscles of mastication in herbivores (A) (3).
		In humans, the masseter is the second most efficient masticatory muscle, with a ratio of neurons to muscle fibers of 1:600.(B)
		The ratio of neuron to muscle fiber is 1:900.
	www.nti-tss.com /slide1.htm (586 words)

	Test #7: Diagnosis of Mandibular Dysfunction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The four muscles of mastication are: 1) medial pterygoid, 2) lateral pterygoid, 3) temporalis, and 4) masseter.
		The medial pterygoid muscle is not usually involved in gnathic dysfunctions but when they are hypertonic, the patient is usually conscious of a feeling of fullness in the throat and, occasionally pain on swallowing.
		The sternocleidomastoid muscles may be involved in mandibular dysfunction patients and they may be painful near their superior or inferior attachments.
	www.tambcd.edu /cedental/diagmand.htm (699 words)

	Trigeminal Pharyngioplasty
		The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle, the tensor tympani muscle, and the tensor veli palatini muscle.
		The tensor tympani muscle originates from the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian tube, on the under surface of the petrous bone, as well as the osseous canal in which the tensor tympani is contained.
		The treatment of these accessory muscles of mastication, the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles, has shown to improve orofacial, temporomandibular joint, cervical, and shoulder pain complaints; and has also shown to be associated with the relief of ear pain, ear pressure, tinnitus, vertigo, and/or hearing impairment or hearing loss.
	www.drjimboyd.com /TriPhar.html (4915 words)

	Muscles of Mastication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Mastication is defined as the process of chewing food in preparation for swallowing and digestion.
		The first group includes three pairs of muscles that elevate the mandible to close the mouth as in biting down.
		The buccinator muscle of the cheeks prevents food from escaping the chewing action of the teeth.
	www.tpub.com /dental1/21.htm (339 words)

	Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory
		At the onset of the muscle swelling, both submandibular lymph nodes were enlarged.
		The lesion was localized to the muscles of mastication.
		Muscle Biopsy: A biopsy was taken from the left temporalis muscle (Fig.
	medicine.ucsd.edu /vet_neuromuscular/cases/2002/jan02.html (465 words)

	Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory
		Masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) is a common focal inflammatory myopathy (myositis) in dogs selectively affecting the muscles of mastication and sparing the limb muscles.
		Both a biopsy of the temporalis or masseter muscle and the serum assay for circulating autoantibodies against masticatory muscle type 2M fibers (2M antibodies) are advised.
		Type 2M fibers are present only in the group of muscles supplied by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (i.e.: the masticatory muscles), providing the specificity necessary to separate this disorder from polymyositis which affects the temporalis and limb muscles.
	medicine.ucsd.edu /vet_neuromuscular/cases/1999/may99.html (969 words)

	[No title]
		Dropped Jaw, muscle atrophy of the head, decreased facial sensation, inability to close the eyelid or move the lip and ear, dysphagia, megaesophagus, laryngeal paralysis and tongue paralysis are all signs associated with specific cranial nerve abnormalities.
		The EMG can determine whether there is spontaneous muscle potentials (fibrillation potentials and positive-sharp waves), whether there are changes in motor or sensory nerve conduction velocities and whether the is normal transmission across the neuromuscular junction.
		Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or the muscles of mastication are not uncommon and must be differentiated from one another.
	neuro.vetmed.ufl.edu /neuro/P_Nerves/P_nerv.htm (1881 words)

	Anatomy of the Muscles of the Tongue, Mouth, and Jaw
		The diagrams above show muscles in the mouth area that are not strictly speaking muscles of facial expression.
		The Pterygoid muscles, internal and external, are muscles of mastication and function to position the jaw.
		Some tongue muscles are inside the tongue, make up most of the mass of the tongue, and shape and move the tongue.
	face-and-emotion.com /dataface/anatomy/mouthtonguemuscles.jsp (199 words)

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