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Topic: Musculocutaneous nerve

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	EXPOSURE OF THE ULS NERVES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The median nerve passes behind the flexor superficialis arch and comes to lie deeply in the middle of the volar surface of the forearm, between the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus muscles.
		Approximately 8 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle, the ulnar nerve normally passes from the anterior plane of the medial intermuscular septum to the posterior plane of the septum.
		The ulnar nerve throughout the forearm is in the plane between the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum profundus muscles.
	www.drmunirelias.com /exposureupperextremitiesnerves.htm (5355 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Bilateral Musculocutaneous Nerve Palsy From Strength Training
		Musculocutaneous nerve palsy typically resolves when weight training routines are modified to reduce intensity and biceps curls are eliminated for at least 3 months.
		The cause appears to be either nerve impingement because of hypertrophy of the brachioradialis muscle or a traction injury to the nerve from repetitive biceps curls.
		One is a lesion of the musculocutaneous nerve before its division into the lateral cutaneous nerve that causes a mixed motor and sensory syndrome.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/2004/0304/matz.htm (1398 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Plexuses: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This nerve arises from the lateral cord (90.5% of 75 arms), from the lateral and posterior (4%), from the median nerve (2%), as two separate bundles from the medial and lateral cords (1.4%), or from the posterior cord (1.4%).
		The musculocutaneous nerve may be accompanied by fibers from the median nerve as its transits coracobrachialis; a communicating branch passes from the musculocutaneous to the median nerve.
		Anastomoses with the median nerve usually occur in the lower third of the arm, and may form an ansa; the frequency of anastomoses in this region of the arm is 8% of cases.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/NervousSystem/Text/MusculocutaneousNerve.html (1382 words)

	Figures List Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Modified Oberlin procedure with transfer of redundant FCU fascicle of ulnar nerve to biceps branch of musculocutaneous nerve, augmented with transfer of medial pectoral nerve to brachialis branch with nerve graft.
		Nerve to the 4th webspace transferred directly to the common nerve to the thumb and index finger.
		Medial pectoral nerve branches are transferred with short nerve graft(s) to proximal musculocutaneous nerve to allow regeneration of motor fibers to the brachialis muscle and through the LABC to the forearm.
	www.orthotextbook.net /view/templates/figure_List.asp?chapterid=hnnvbrpla (409 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		then medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve is the sensory branch of the musculocutaneous nerve, and it runs across the lacertus fibrosus, which is the tendinous band which is part of the passive stay apparatus which is between the biceps brachii and the fascia of the extensor carpi radialis.
		the ulnar nerve comes down and joins the lateral palmar nerve at the level of the carpus, such that it is fused with the lateral palmar and lateral digital nerves.
		(recall that the medial digital nerve is a continuation of the median nerve, and the lateral digital nerve is a compound nerve made of a lateral branch of the median nerve and a distal-palmar continuation of the radial nerve.
	www.hillary.net /school/fall.96/anatomy/anat.lec.10.28.96 (443 words)

	Nerves of the Arm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Inflammation of the synovial sheaths of flexor tendons in the carpal tunnel causes the median nerve to be compressed against the un-yielding flexor retinaculum, thereby compressing the nerve gradually.
		Lesions of the ulnar nerve may be due to dislocations of the head of the humerus, lacerations to the medial arm, dislocation or fracture of the head of the ulna, or lacerations of the medial side of the elbow, forearm or wrist.
		The radial nerve is a continuation of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.
	cats.med.uvm.edu /cats_teachingmod/gross_anatomy/upper_extremity/pages/arm_nerves.html (1037 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This nerve is composed of the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve; it innervates muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh and all of the muscles in the leg and foot.
		The axillary nerve forms in the axilla and leaves the axilla though the quadrangular space; it would not be injured by the type of trauma sustained by this patient, although it can be injured by fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus or dislocation of the glenohumeral joint.
		The mandibular nerve is responsible for the innervation of all of the muscles of mastication: the masseter, the temporalis, the medial pterygoid, and the lateral pterygoid muscles.
	iuhs-isa.org /AnatomyCNS.htm (6751 words)

	eMedicine - Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Lesions : Article by Neil Holland, MBBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The motor nerves used conventionally in conduction studies of the upper extremity, the median and ulnar, are both derived from the lower cord and medial trunk of the brachial plexus.
		Nerve conduction studies should include stimulation at the Erb point, as demonstrating partial motor conduction block across the plexus may be possible in these cases; however, “routine” nerve conduction studies do not assess the upper trunk and lateral cord of the brachial plexus.
		Then the musculocutaneous nerve was stimulated along its length, in a proximal to distal fashion, and recordings were made from the lateral cord of the left brachial plexus (see Image 6).
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic382.htm (6467 words)

	Principles of Peripheral Nerve Repair
		Transposition of nerve trunks may help to restore activity to denervated musculoskeletal areas.(31,49,79,98) Direct implantation of nerve stumps into muscle tissue resulted in return of motor function.(109,111) Both of these topics are current areas of research in the quest for answers to questions related to basic biology and clinical restoration of peripheral nerve function.
		In this surgical procedure, the entire nerve trunk is sutured as a unit by application of sutures placed in the epineurium or by placement of a single suture through the axial center of the injured nerve trunk.
		Nerve stumps may be stretched to a limited extent to attain apposition, with surgical factors being course of the nerve, vascular supply, and species.
	www.ivis.org /special_books/ortho/chapter_65/65mast.asp (17920 words)

	Peripheral Nerve Injury in Modern Warfare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The cellular and acellular nerve grafts were utilized to repair a functional connection between the motoneuron pool of the cervical spinal cord and the biceps brachii muscle through the musculocutaneous nerve.
		The one end of graft was sutured with the musculocutaneous nerve stump, the opposite end of the graft was introduced into the cervical spinal cord cranially to the avulsed CS ventral root.
		Prior to axon regeneration, the acellular nerve graft was repopulated by Schwann cells migrating from the musculocutaneous nerve stump.
	www.spineuniverse.com /1p/ejournal/ag_053100hanicek_biceps.html (208 words)

	AANS.org \| Education and Meetings \| AANS Scientific Journals \| Neurosurgical Focus
		Surgical reconstruction of the musculocutaneous nerve in traumatic brachial plexus injuries
		Whenever possible, this nerve was followed upward into the lateral cord to decrease the graft distance between the root (C-5 or C-6) and the musculocutaneous nerve.
		Reconstruction of the musculocutaneous nerve was accomplished with the C-5 root in 25 patients and with the C-6 root in 29.
	www.aans.org /education/journal/neurosurgical/oct97/3-4-p2.asp (2827 words)

	AN006 MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE BLOCK
		The musculocutaneous nerve is the most proximal branch of the brachial plexus involved in surgery of the arm.
		Because of early branching, distal axillary block techniques often fail to block the musculocutaneous nerve, and supplemental block is necessary for complete motor block of the arm or sensory block in the musculocutaneous distribution of the forearm andwrist.
		The musculocutaneous nerve is a branch of the lateral cord proximal to the insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle.
	www.rashaduniversity.com /anmusnerbloc.html (287 words)

	Table of Contents
		Sixty-five patients underwent graft placement between the C-5 and C-6 root and the musculocutaneous nerve to restore the flexion of the arm.
		Reinnervation of the musculocutaneous nerve was demonstrated in 76% of the patients who underwent surgery within the first 6 months postinjury, in 60% of the patients with a delay of between 6 and 12 months, and in only 25% of the patients who underwent surgery after 12 months.
		Furthermore, statistical analysis (regression test) of the length of the grafts between the donor (C-5 or C-6 root) nerve and the musculocutaneous nerve displayed an inverse relationship between the graft length and the postoperative outcome.
	www.thejns-net.org /jns/issues/v87n6/abs/n0870881_r.html (341 words)

	bicep nerve entrapment
		The musculocutaneous nerve is a branch of the lateral cord of brachial plexus which originates from the C5 and C 6 nerve roots.
		The most common cause of injury to the musculocutaneous nerve is penetrating injury, but other traumas can also do it.
		Compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm (LCNF), the distal sensory termination of the musculocutaneous nerve, can occur below the biceps aponeurosis, most commonly after strenuous elbow extension or forearm pronation.
	www.arthritis-treatment-and-relief.com /bicep-nerve-entrapment.html (216 words)

	The Anterior Nerves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The musculocutaneous nerve is formed from the lateral cord and contains the C5,6,7 nerve roots.
		The nerve supplies all three muscles and terminates as a sensory nerve which emerges from the lateral side of the tendon of biceps to form the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
		If the nerve is cut by a penetrating wound then sensation will be lost from a narrow strip of skin on the lateral side of the forearm.
	www.med.mun.ca /anatomyts/nerve/muscnerv.htm (147 words)

	The radial nerve should be blocked before the ulnar nerve during a brachial plexus block at the humeral canal: [Le nerf ...
		The radial nerve should be blocked before the ulnar nerve during a brachial plexus block at the humeral canal: [Le nerf radial doit etre anesthesie avant le nerf cubital pendant un blocage du plexus brachial au travers du canal humeral] -- Guntz et al.
		The radial nerve should be blocked before the ulnar nerve during a brachial plexus block at the humeral canal
		at the elbow (one radial nerve and one median nerve).
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/51/4/354 (1516 words)

	musculocutaneusN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It should not be hard to figure out that the musculocutaneous nerve (MC) contains fibers that are motor to the muscle and sensory from the skin (cutaneous).
		The biceps brachii and brachialis muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve and act to flex the elbow.
		Sensory innervation from the medial aspect of the forearm is found in the musculocutaneous nerve.
	www.vetmed.wsu.edu /VAn308/musculocutaneusn.htm (119 words)

	Medizin - Klinische Regionalanästhesie - Literatur - obere Extremität - axillär
		The brachial plexus was identified with a peripheral nerve stimulator, and blocked with 0.5 ml.kg-1 of 1.5% lignocaine with adrenaline.
		METHODS: The nerves originating from the brachial plexus were located in the humeral canal, at the junction of the proximal and the middle third of the arm, with a stimulator and blocked using either lidocaine or a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine, depending on the anticipated duration of surgery.
		The onset times of sensory blocks were the longest for the median nerve, similar for the radial and ulnar nerves, shorter for the musculocutaneous nerve and the shortest for the medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous nerves.
	www.regional-anaesthesie.de /litoe-axillaer.htm (2914 words)

	Yonsei Medical Journal
		A variation of the brachial plexus, characterized by the absence of the musculocutaneous nerve on the left arm, was found during the dissection of a 28-year old male cadaver.
		One was a typical junction of both roots of the median nerve at the level of the coracoid process.
		As the nerves are named due to their course or innervation, and not from their origin, it is reasonable to assume that the combined nerve was actually the median nerve, and that the musculocutaneous nerve did not exist.
	www.eymj.org /abstracts/viewArticle.asp?year=2003&month=12&page=1110 (221 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Variations in Median ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		brachialis; 10, cutaneous branch of musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm); 11, median nerve.
		In this case the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm (10) arose from the median nerve.
		brachialis; 8, lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm of musculocutaneous nerve; 9, median nerve.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/NervousSystem/Images/40.html (247 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		46 Answer: due to musculocutaneous nerve injury: flexion weakness due to biceps brachii, coracobrachialis involvement, loss of sensation due to lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm loss (branch of musculocutaneous).
		The outer surface of the TM is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve (from mandibular nerve) and the auricular branch of the vagus.
		The inner surface of the TM is supplied by Jacobsons nerve, the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal.
	www.fuqpg.com /anatomy-fuqpg/anat_pg_4.doc (383 words)

	ICP monitors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In humans, the heads are fused, thereby trapping the nerve.
		• Exploration of the brachial plexus in the infraclavicular region is required to expose the musculocutaneous nerve.
		When the musculocutaneous nerve is isolated, its entrance into coracobrachialis should be extended to reduce tension on the nerve as additional elements of the plexus are exposed.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/09.2-PeriphNerve-Upper/MusculocutNerve.html (353 words)

	Muscles of the Arm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The anconeus muscle is located chiefly in the forearm, but it is described with the brachial muscles because it is morphologically and functionally related to the triceps brachii muscle.
		The proximal part of the bicipital aponeurosis can be easily felt where it passes obliquely over the brachial artery and medial nerve.
		This is an elongated, narrow muscle in the superomedial part of the arm and is important mainly as a landmark (e.g., the musculocutaneous nerve pierces it).
	www.geocities.com /hotsprings/8965/mmarm.htm (632 words)

	Compression of the musculocutaneous nerve at the elbow -- Bassett and Nunley 64 (7): 1050 -- Journal of Bone and Joint ...
		Compression of the musculocutaneous nerve at the elbow -- Bassett and Nunley 64 (7): 1050 -- Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery
		of the musculocutaneous nerve by the biceps aponeurosis and tendon were
		of the nerve by the biceps aponeurosis and tendon against the fascia of the
	www.ejbjs.org /cgi/content/abstract/64/7/1050 (167 words)

	Anatomy of the Spinal Accessory Nerve Plexus: Relevance to Head and Neck Cancer and Atherosclerosis -- Brown 227 (8): ...
		nerve in 20 patients with brachial plexus avulsion injuries.
		The cervical sympathetic nerves in surgery of the neck.
		Reconstruction of the spinal accessory nerve with an anastomosis of the dorsal C3 branch.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/227/8/570 (6226 words)

	Musculocutaneous Nerve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (C5-C7).
		Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve results in paralysis of coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles.
		There may also be loss of sensation on the superior aspect of the forearm.
	cis-ps2.osu-com.okstate.edu /hector/upperlimb/MusculocutaneousNervetr.htm (63 words)

	Motor and sensory conduction in the musculocutaneous nerve -- Trojaborg 39 (9): 890 -- Journal of Neurology, ...
		Motor and sensory conduction in the musculocutaneous nerve -- Trojaborg 39 (9): 890 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
		Motor and sensory conduction in the musculocutaneous nerve
		Motor and sensory conduction velocity in the musculocutaneous nerve were
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/39/9/890 (120 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Variations in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		10: Two cases of division of the radial high in the arm demonstrate the distribution of the lower lateral cutaneous nerve, i.e., over the dorsum of the thumb and a strip over the dorsum of the third metacarpal which is continuous with the area of the skin supplied in the forearm.
		11: Usual area of supply of the musculocutaneous nerve in the forearm, i.e., a strip of skin on both aspects of the radial border of the forearm as far distally as the lower end of the radius.
		12: In a few cases, the musculocutaneous nerve (lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve) was found supplying the lateral pan of the thenar eminence and the dorsal surface of the first metacarpal and the first interosseous space.
	www.vh.org /Providers/Textbooks/AnatomicVariants/NervousSystem/Images/59.html (272 words)

	Multiple-Injection Axillary Brachial Plexus Block: A Comparison of Two Methods of Nerve Localization-Nerve Stimulation ...
		nerves of the plexus was located by elicitation of a paresthesia
		musculocutaneous nerve distributions are involved in the surgical
		for anesthetizing the radial and the musculocutaneous nerves,
	www.anesthesia-analgesia.org /cgi/content/abstract/91/3/647 (421 words)

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