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Topic: Music of Algeria

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	Arab music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arab music is the music of Arabic-speaking people or countries, especially those centered around the Arabian Peninsula.The world of Arab music has long been dominated by Cairo, a cultural center, though musical innovation and regional styles abound from Morocco to Saudi Arabia.
		A musical mentality that is responsible for the aesthetic homogeneity of the tonal-spatial and rhythmic-temporal structures in Arabian music, whether composed or improvised, instrumental or vocal, secular or sacred.
		The mosaiclike stringing together of musical form elements, that is, the arrangement in a sequence of small and smallest melodic elements, and their repetition, combination, and permutation within the framework of the tonal-spatial model.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arab_music (1602 words)

	Music of Algeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Algerian music is virtually synonymous with raï among foreigners; the musical genre has achieved great popularity in France, Spain and other parts of Europe.
		For several centuries, Algerian music was dominated by styles inherited from Andalusia, eventually forming a unique North African twist on these poetic forms.
		Sha-bii is, in most Arab countries, folk music; in Algeria, however, it refers to a style of recent urban popular music, of which the best known performer was El Hajj Muhammad El Anka.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Music_of_Algeria (542 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Schade-Poulsen, Men and Popular Music in Algeria
		Before going to Algeria, I had read and written about the major Islamist ideologues whose works were the basis of the present-day quest of Islamist movements to set up "God-given law" as the guiding principle in their different postcolonial nation states.
		Although music can be said to be descriptive of emotions (i.e., it is "different" rather than "deeper" or "more profound" than other forms of expression), I began to favor the idea that from a logical point of view music and songs cannot be verbalized because—as a category of art forms—they are of a nonverbal nature.
		The wahrani (Oran music) is associated with the music developed in the city centers of Orania, mainly Oran, from the mid-1930s through the flourishing period of the 1950s.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exschmen.html (6016 words)

	Arabic Grooves: Rebel Music of Algeria, The Rough Guide To Rai
		The music that the swelling population of Oran inherited was based on rural desert traditions that put the accent on songs of love, adventure or social comment, accompanied by simple flutes and, above all, by the rhythmic percussion that is such a characteristic of Berber/Arab music.
		It is sometimes the angry music that accompanies the revolt of unemployed youth in the no-hope tenements of the major French cities, although recent explosions have probably had stronger links to the rude French rap that parallels similar developments in deprived districts of the English-speaking world.
		Raï; was certainly the music of rebellion when it grew up alongside the war of colonial independence and it remained a music of protest when it was adopted by disaffected youth, alienated from the repressive and authoritarian experiments of post-colonial Algeria.
	www.greenmanreview.com /cd/cd_va_roughguide_rai.html (1945 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . France - Play it Again, Maurice . Facts \| PBS
		The story and music of pianist Maurice El Medioni is a mix of Jewish and Arab roots and French and Algerian identity.
		In the mid-1970s, the audiocassette enabled music to be recorded and distributed cheaply, and a new generation of pop raï; singers and producers proliferated.
		Relations between France and Algeria, as well as France's relationship with its own Algerian-born population, remain deeply affected by the legacy of the eight-year war of independence, during which the French army used torture in its attempts to squelch the Algerian National Liberation Front.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/france/facts.html (1115 words)

	Music of Egypt - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The music of ancient Egypt has not been documented, but some musicologists believe that the liturgical music of the Coptic Church is directly descended from ancient Egyptian music.
		Arab musical tradition is usually said to have begun in the 7th century in Syria during the Umayyad dynasty.
		Sawahii music is a type of popular music from the northern coast, and is based around the simsimaya, a stringed instrument.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Music_of_Egypt (1011 words)

	Music of Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ALGERIA HOLDS a singular place for Arab culture as a region in which the musical traditions of Islamic Spain, the Ottoman Empire, the eastern Arab countries (the Mashriq), Saharan and West Africa, Berbers, Bedouin and Europe have all interacted to various degrees.
		Andalusian Musical Traditions The musical and literary flourescence that took place in the courtly circles of Islamic Spain (al-Andalus) from the 9th to 15th centuries eventually found refuge in exile along the North African littoral in the aftermath of the Christian Reconquest and the great expulsions (1492 for Jews, 1608-10 for the last Muslim populations).
		In Libya, Tunisia, and Constantine (Algeria), this tradition is usually referred to as malouf (“customary”), in the central regions as san`a (“embellished” or “crafted”), in Tlemcen as gharnaatii (“Granadan”) and in Morocco simply as aala (“instrumental”).
	www.muzaic.com /music_of_algeria.htm (2144 words)

	Music of Algeria -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For several centuries, Algerian music was dominated by styles inherited from (A region in southern Spain on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean; formerly a center of Moorish civilization) Andalusia, eventually forming a unique North African twist on these poetic forms.
		True styles of folk music include hofii, a form of female vocal music, and (Click link for more info and facts about zindalii) zindalii, from (A walled city in northeastern Algeria east of Algiers; was destroyed in warfare in the 4th century and rebuilt by Constantine I) Constantine.
		Slimane Azem was a Kbylian immigrant who was inspired by Nourredine and (Click link for more info and facts about 19th century) 19th century poet Si Mohand Ou Mohand to address homesickness, poverty and passion in his songs, and he soon (like many Kabylian musicians) became associated with the Algerian independence movement.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/M/Mu/Music_of_Algeria.htm (417 words)

	Berber music: Afropop Style -- Algeria, Morocco, Mali, North Africa, West Africa
		After Algeria won its independence, and new governments struggled to maintain language laws constraining the teaching and use of Tamazight, the music became explicitly political.
		Lounes was ambushed and killed in the Atlas mountains in 1998, becoming a musical martyr for the Kabyle cause.
		Their folkloric music and dance is utterly authentic and charged with the hardship and inspiration of their uncertain desert life.
	www.afropop.org /explore/style_info/ID/2/Berber%20music (923 words)

	Algeria: Afropop Country -- North Africa, Berber music, shaabi, rai
		Algeria's complex blend of Berber, Arab, and European cultures has set it up for a rocky ride through the 20th century.
		In the 1990s, Algeria became brutally torn along moral and religious lines, with Islamic fundamentalists being thwarted in their efforts to gain political power, and then resorting to anarchic acts of violence.
		In Algeria, pop singers and producers face the real possibility of summary death sentences as punishment for openly discussing the passions of youth, romantic love, or drinking alcohol.
	www.afropop.org /explore/country_info/ID/13/Algeria (163 words)

	Raï - Rebel Music from Algeria
		Many Western music lovers, justifiably jaded by a prevalence of inane lyrics and sickeningly commercial motives in pop music, would be hard pressed to take seriously any person who makes such a claim.
		Unlike traditional music, with its subtlety, flowery language, and innocuous subject matters, raï; is notable for its blunt imagery and willingness to tackle subjects such as sex, booze, lust, and drink - all of which the deeply religious establishment frowns upon.
		They are the musical styles most favoured by the dispossessed in their respective countries, by those who have little to loose [sic] and a lot to say.
	jeddy.org /borderless/rai (1164 words)

	African Music Encyclopedia: Glossary: African Styles of Music
		Also called mbira-based music, one of the best examples of this sound is the music of Thomas Mapfumo.
		Morrocan music of people descended from the slaves brought from Mali in the 16th century.
		a musical style from Mali typified by a strong Arabic feel along with the sound of the scraping karinyang, women play the fle, a calabash strung with cowrie shells, which they spin and throw into the air in time to the music.
	www.africanmusic.org /glossary.html (792 words)

	Algeria - Algerie - Al Jaza'ir - Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, Algiers, Maghreb
		In the beginning of the 16th century the region was placed under protection of the ottoman Sultan of Istanbul, followed by reigns of ottoman beys, pachas, and aghas, brought to an end with the beginning of the French colonization in 1830.
		The French occupation condemned Algeria's population to economic, social and political inferiority and caused an armed resistance lasting for decades.
		Born in Algeria, dj Cheb i Sabbah might be best described as a ritual music "hajji," a musical pilgrim of the spirit.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/algeria.htm (1129 words)

	Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Algeria is a big country music fan and it shows when plays the keyboards and harmonica in the Avenging Apes’ musical band, Groovin’ Gorilla Band.
		He loves to look at the country music star’s videos on TV he gets a lot of great ideas for his music.
		Algeria has a great voice as he assists with vocals and sings background.
	www.avengingapes.com /music/algeria.html (80 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . France - Play it Again, Maurice . Links \| PBS
		It discusses the emergence of hybrid forms of music that grew out of colonialism, including those by traditional music groups that developed messages of revolt and those that incorporated new elements from the West.
		Relations between France and Algeria seemed to improve when Abdelaziz Bouteflika was elected president of Algeria in 1999.
		But France, as Algeria's closest Western partner, is still seen as complicit in human rights abuses, this time carried out by the Algerian military against insurgents.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/france/links.html (822 words)

	Algeria-Entertainment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Francophone Literature of Algeria Brief biographies of a number of authors.
		Music from Algeria - Biographies of Algerian musicians and singers.
		Raï Music of Algeria - Explores the meaning of Rai and its significance to Algerian music.
	www.arabinfoseek.com /algeria-entertainment.htm (60 words)

	ipedia.com: Music of Yemen Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Arab music Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Islamic Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia UAE Yemen Yemen is a country on the Arabian Peninsula, and its music i...
		Yemen is a country on the Arabian Peninsula, and its music is primarily known abroad for the Yemenite Jews who became musical stars in Israel during the 20th century.
		Traditional Yemenite music is usually performed in the home, in a window-lined room at the top of the house called a mafraj during a ghat chew, in which the performers intake a mild narcotic.
	www.ipedia.com /music_of_yemen.html (189 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Men and Popular Music in Algeria: The Social Significance of Rai (Modern Middle East Series) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Raï; music is often called the voice of the voiceless in Algeria, a society currently swept by tragic conflict.
		The study, in its innovative approach to music as a template of society, helps the reader understand the two major movements among today's Algerian youth: one toward the mosque and the other toward the West.
		In this book, it is stressed how young men don't listen to rai in front of their fathers out of "respect." In the West, artists usually don't cover another artist's song unless the other artist is older or dead.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0292777396?v=glance (1321 words)

	Introduction to Raï Music of Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The emergence of raï; is generally associated with the migration into the cities of western Algeria, starting with the world depression in the 1930s.
		Other sources, however, mention elements which are associated with the raï; music of today, such as the "repetitive" musical form, improper forms of expression, women entertaining men, and games of competition, indicating that raï; as a genre goes much further back in history.
		Another important musician was Mohammed Maghni, one of the few in raï; to have formal musical traïning and practical experience as a keyboard player in the pop group the Students.
	inic.utexas.edu /menic/rai (1405 words)

	Music in South Africa - USSAS - University Scholarships for South African Students, Inc.
		The music is characterized in many cultures by the inclusion of the spoken word, dance, and poetry.
		One example of a music genre that has evolved through this struggle is Reggae, which is a result of Africans being brought to Jamaica and combining their native music with the native instruments and customs there.
		Other music styles which owe their development in part to African musicians are jazz, rhythm and blues, hip hop, and rap.
	www.ussas.com /sa_music.html (948 words)

	Music of Libya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Arabs are the most populous ethnic group and various kinds of Arab music are popular, including masoud and Arab classical music.
		The Tuareg live in the southern, Saharan part of the country, and have their own distinctive folk music.
		Complication clapping is also common in folk music.
	mywiseowl.com /articles/Music_of_Libya (175 words)

	World Sound Matters: Contents
		A third view is that developing an understanding of foreign music is part of the broader educational process of learning to respect human cultural diversity.
		Music helps people project an identity; it assists them in the recollection of the past and in their prayers for the future; it offers a channel of expressive communication and a vital outlet for human creativity.
		To expect to accomplish this from examining only the evidence of a single musical tradition, even one as rich and well-documented as that of Western art music, is unrealistic.
	www.shef.ac.uk /music/staff/js/WSMCont.html (630 words)

	Emblem of Algeria - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Emblem of Algeria is the seal used by the government, it is similar to the coat of arms of other nations.
		The current form of the emblem was adopted in 1976, but was only differentiated from the previous one by the changing of the motto being in French to Arabic.
		Contained on the emblem is the crescent that is also found on the Flag of Algeria, and is a symbol of Islam.
	www.music.us /education/E/Emblem-of-Algeria.htm (370 words)

	Musics of Algeria: Selected Recordings [MESA Bulletin, July 1995]
		The musical and literary flourescence that took place in the courtly circles of Islamic Spain (al-Andalus) from the 9th to 15th centuries eventually found refuge in exile along the North African littoral in the aftermath of the Christian Reconquest and the great expulsions (1492 for Jews, 1608-10 for the last Muslim populations).
		The oldest elements of the Andalusian repertory are organized into large suites (nuuba, pl. nuubaat) consisting of different movements of vocal and instrumental music performed to a series of different tempi and percussive rhythms.
		The Berber and Saharan musics of Algeria have attracted a lot more attention over the years from both the French colonial powers and ethnomusicologists.
	fp.arizona.edu /mesassoc/Bulletin/reynolds.htm (2147 words)

	Music of Algeria
		By the time rai began to spread outside North Africa, it already dominated lower-class Algerians and was quite popular in Morocco, Libya and Tunisia.
		The first cheb to find international success was Ahmad Baba Rachid, whose popularity began in 1976 (see 1976 in music).
		Cheb Khaled was the first international superstar, though his popularity did not extend to the United States, Latin America and certain other areas.
	www.ukpedia.com /m/music-of-algeria.html (269 words)

	The Africa Guide - Algeria - Music
		All the music recommended below are available from one of our Affiliate companies and when selected, the link will take you directly to the relevant page on our Affiliates' website where you will find prices and ordering details.
		Cheb (young) Khaled was a rebel in his day, an Algerian punk whose music blended racy lyrics with cheesy synths and drum machines in a sort of North African '80s techno.
		Algerian Rai Music from the Prince of Rai, Hani Chekroune.
	www.africaguide.com /country/algeria/music.htm (430 words)

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