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Topic: Music of Azerbaijan

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	Music
		Music in Azerbaijan has been developing since 3-5 millenniums B.C. At that time people of the Stone Age used to play musical instrument called "gaval-dash" (stone-tambourine) in place Gobustan (not far from Baku).
		The most popular national musical instruments nowadays are tar (a stringed musical instrument played by plucking), kemancha (a string musical instrument played with a bow), balaban (a woodwind instrument), def (a percussion instrument), saz (a string instrument played by plucking with a plectrum) and other types.
		An independent area of the Azerbaijan musical folklore is a dancing music distinguished by its diversity and relief of rhythmic figures.
	www.kmt.az /culture/music.html (681 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Music of Azerbaijan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Music of Azerbaijan includes various arrays of styles that reflect influences from the musics of the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Iran.
		Azerbaijan - Chechnya - Dagestan - Georgia - Ingushetia - Kalmykia - Krasnodar - Ossetia - Rostov Adygea is a region in Russia.
		Native musical instruments: The pondur is the oldest of musical instruments of the Chechens, comprising of three chords and a wooden casing.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Music-of-Azerbaijan (1350 words)

	Azerbaijan
		Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: AzÉrbaycan), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: AzÉrbaycan RespublikasÄ±), is a country in the Caucasus region.
		The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic (an exclave of Azerbaijan) borders Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, and Turkey to the northwest.
		The official language of Azerbaijan is Azerbaijani, a member of the Oguz subdivision of the Turkic language family, and is spoken by around 95% of the republicâs population, as well as about a quarter of the population of Iran.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2Fen%2FAzerbaijan (1852 words)

	[No title]
		Zulfugar Hadjibeyov was the author of the musical comedies "Young at the age of fifty" (1909), "A woman of eleven" (1911), "A married bachelor" (1911), and the opera "Ashyg Gerib" (1915).
		Muslim Magomayev was one of the founders of the theater of professional music of Azerbaijan.
		Kh.Aghayeva was the author of the monograph "U.Hadjibeyov", articles on the music of Azerbaijan, and the work "Centers of musical culture in Azerbaijan in 19th century" (incomplete due to the death of the author).
	www.azworld.org (5044 words)

	General information on Azeri culture
		The traces of ancient music of Azerbaijan were found in a number of monuments, excavated in time of archeological digs, as well as in rock carvings of Gobustan (18-3 millennium B.C) and Gemigaya (3-1 millennium B.C).
		In the early 20th century, in the atmosphere of socio-economic and cultural growth, U.Hadjibeyov laid the foundation of the culture of modern professional music of Azerbaijan and created a synthesis of composer creations and folklore music.
		The music of Azerbaijan was the success not only in our country but also in the countries abroad.
	www.euro-caspian.com /music.htm (2458 words)

	Mode (music) - MSN Encarta
		Mode (music), in music, term that varies in meaning from a scale to a scale-based formula for constructing melodies.
		The eight modes of medieval and Renaissance music (often called church or ecclesiastical modes) were scale patterns that formed the foundations of Gregorian chant.
		Except for two modes, known now as the major and minor scales, the church modes fell out of use in cultivated music in the 17th century; closely related scales, however, survived in folk music (see Scale).
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573184/Mode_(music).html (234 words)

	Atlas of traditional music of Azerbaijan
		Republic of Azerbaijan situated in Transcaucasus, to the west shores of the Caspian Sea, is a polyethnic state of the Middle East.
		This quite difficult and still unexplored area of ethnomusicology constitutes the significant part of the huge projects “Atlas of the Traditional Music of Azerbaijan” which is carrying out by the international scientific-publicist journal “Musigi Dunyasi” under the scholarly leadership of the professor, doctor of art sciences Tariyel Mammadov.
		Folk music of the peoples, living in Azerbaijan for many centuries, had been submitted to the remarkable degree of inter-influences calling to life in some cases bi-culturalism in terms of both music and text.
	atlas.musigi-dunya.az /atlas/en/sonorous.html (825 words)

	Music of North Africa/West Asia
		The suite is the form that imposed itself straight-away on the spirit of the music, and it has epitomized the characteristic genius of the art music extending from the Atlantic to the borders of the Himalayas.
		It is also the heritage of the mugam of Azerbaijan, and finally the dastgah of Iran, not to mention the Cashmere sufyana kalam, the Uzbek shashmaqam, and the Uigur muqam, which, to be accurate, are outside the geographic context of West Asia.
		Through their intense power of expression, the aesthetics of all these forms of music have in common a concern for suspending time through phenomena of reiterative language and repetition that allow the music to advance while giving the impression of staying in place.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/music/Worldmusic/westasia.htm (1417 words)

	Anthology of World Music
		While the music of the Dan is primarily vocal, musical instruments such as calabash rattles, drums and the ko (hunters harp) may be used as accompaniment.
		Instrumental music uses the drums, tabla-zither, the vertical flute, the musical bow, trumpets, the 'sanza,' the horn and a kind of fiddle.
		The ancient musical works presented in this collection of Chinese classical music are played on four traditional instruments: the qin and the zheng (board zithers), the pipa (a plucked lute), and the xiao (an end-blown bamboo flute), dating from the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties.
	www.rounder.com /series/world.php (1541 words)

	Azerbaijan music, travel to Azerbaijan, travelling to Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan tours, travel agency Azerbaijan, Azeri, ...
		Music in Azerbaijan varies from the region to region.
		At the end of the 18th century the accumulation of a tradition of professional musical performance created the conditions for the appearance of a new musical-poetic tradition.
		Thus, traditional forms of musical genre and creative art acquire features, which later become the foundation of the concert, theatrical and vocal styles of the 20th century.
	www.azerbaijan24.com /azerbaijan_traditions/azerbaijan_music (447 words)

	The Permanent Mission of Azerbaijan to the United Nations
		It is astonishing that rock drawings report on the earliest stages of the development of musical art on the territory of Azerbaijan in the 5-3 millenniums B.C. There is a peculiar percussion musical instrument of the Stone Age - "gaval-dash" (stone-tambourine) in Gobustan.
		Musical instruments, which came as a result of excavations, as well as ancient folk legends, narrate about the musical culture of the past epoch.
		Note that it was the development of urban culture that gave impetus to the emergence of mugams in the Middle Ages - these vocal and instrumental plays with contrast combination of improvisation and recitative sections and strict, well-rounded song and dancing melodies (tesnif - song in mugam, reng - instrumental episode).
	www.un.int /azerbaijan/culture.php?subaction=showfull&id=1137008930&archive=&start_from=&ucat=6& (685 words)

	Classical Music of AzerbaijanNew CD Series: Round Table Discussion
		Developers of the "Classical Music of Azerbaijan" CD Project gathered with world-renowned cellist Mstislav Rostroprovich who was in Baku for his 70th Jubilee (Rostroprovich was born in Baku).
		Azerbaijan's music is largely unknown beyond our borders despite the fact that many of our works are world class.
		I wanted to create visually what Azerbaijani classical music had created with sound, that is, to build upon Eastern traditional elements (in the case of music-the melody, mode and instruments) and then to synthesize them with western style and form (symphony, ballet, concerto, opera, piano and chamber music).
	www.azer.com /aiweb/categories/magazine/52_folder/52_articles/52_music.html (1683 words)

	Music of Azerbaijan
		Music of Azerbaijan is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Music of Azerbaijan, Music of Azerbaijan - Mugam, Music of Azerbaijan - Musical instruments, Music of Azerbaijan - Ashiqs, Music of Azerbaijan - Azeri musicians
		Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) is a country in the Caucasus, at the crossroads of Europe and Southwest Asia, with a coast on the Caspian Sea.
	www.experiencefestival.com /music_of_azerbaijan (1023 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Music of Azerbaijan
		Azerbaijan is in Caucasus but, musically, it is more closely linked to Persian culture.
		The classical music of Azerbaijan (like that of Iran) is called magham, and is usually a suite with poetry and instrumental interludes.
		The Iranian stringed tar is the most distinctive and common of Azeri musical instruments.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Music_of_Azerbaijan (297 words)

	Kronos Quartet: Notes From Azerbaijan
		Living in Azerbaijan, on the frontier of the Soviet Union and far from rigidly policed Moscow and Leningrad, Karayev and his students had greater freedom to explore new music being composed in Europe and America, “bourgeois, decadent” music frowned upon by the Soviet authorities.
		Her 1989 Music for Piano contrasts three styles and three registers of the instrument: a delicate winding melody is interrupted by diabolical Lisztian rumblings, which in turn gives way to measured, bardic tones lying halfway between these extremes.
		Her compositions draw from the vocabulary of modern European classical music, including the Second Viennese School, and incorporate the sounds of mugam (the main modal unit of Arabic music), music traditional to Azerbaijan.
	www.carnegiehall.org /textSite/box_office/events/evt_5620.html (2836 words)

	Music Runs in the Family - Famous Musical Families of Azerbaijan - by Farah Aliyeva
		In fact, it's not an exaggeration to suggest that the sound of Azerbaijani music today with its synthesis of eastern and western elements would not have occurred outside of the phenomena of musical families, starting with the founder of composed music, Uzeyir Hajibeyov.
		He was one of the advocates for composed music and insisted, contrary to the common belief, that mugam music could, indeed, be set down in note form.
		Tofig Bakikhanov (1930-), Ahmad's son, is a composer and professor at the Academy of Music.
	www.hajibeyov.com /bio/bio_life/aliyeva_farah/aliyeva_farah_eng/54_families.html (2434 words)

	CD CATALOGUE 1 / Seveneighths.com / 7/8 Music Productions
		His playing of the dutar and rabab (a short-necked, double-chambered plucked lute and Herawi's second instrument) is very typical of the Herat style although Herawi plays the folk melodies of several distinct cultures from many regions of Afghanistan.
		His music is both upbeat and deeply soulful.
		It includes 19 songs of 20th century Azeri music compositions by some of the most talented composer who were all friends of Sadykhov in Baku.
	www.seveneighths.com /cd_catalogue_01.htm (348 words)

	Kronos Quartet Revels Collaboratively in Music From Azerbaijan - New York Times
		The third installment of the Kronos Quartet's stylistically omnivorous residency at Zankel Hall, on Sunday evening, was devoted to music from Azerbaijan, or at least, music with Azeri roots.
		Between those signposts, the music wanders widely, through vigorously bowed ensemble passages, dance figures in which pizzicato and bowing alternate, and others that have the musicians playing percussion instead of their usual instruments.
		Ali-Zadeh played her "Music for Piano" (1989-97), in which a necklace thrown onto the piano's strings yielded the sound of a zither and piano duet.
	www.nytimes.com /2006/03/28/arts/music/28quar.html?ex=1301202000&en=1b06cb63ccb82152&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (471 words)

	Classical Music of Azerbaijan [RB]: Classical CD Reviews- May 2003 MusicWeb(UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Azerbaijan was one of the Soviet Socialist Republics before Perestroika simultaneously liberated and cast adrift.
		When the Soviets took Azerbaijan, Uzeyir was on the list of people who were to be liquidated.
		The music proceeds in a series of statuesque tableaux with the singers sounding as if the style is ‘stand and deliver’.
	www.musicweb.uk.net /classrev/2003/Jun03/azer.htm (1272 words)

	THE CLASSICAL MUSIC OF AZERBAIJAN [RB]: Classical CD Reviews- Apr 2003 MusicWeb(UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Garayev is no soft touch; much of this music is shudderingly dark and tragically tinted with the presence of the turbulence of battle and the searing acid of loss.
		All the usual and enchanting paraphernalia of sinuous sway, dance and rite are implicit in the music.
		The music moves between a Bizet-like vivacity (some bombast along the way) to Massenet's passionate operatic style (evident in the two Nigar arias from Koroglu) sung by the impressively secure and tempestuous Garina Karimova - a role she has made her own.
	www.musicweb.uk.net /classrev/2003/Apr03/Azerbaijaniset.htm (2729 words)

	Integrity Music
		The quintessentially southern town of Mobile, Alabama, is an unlikely birthplace for a music genre that has changed the sound of Christian music from Azerbaijan to Zimbabwe.
		Music became the leading label, to focus exclusively on the praise and worship music ministry.
		Music album, Heal Our Land, were smuggled into the former Soviet Union, where they were duplicated and secretly distributed all over the country.
	www.integritymusic.com /worship/worart/1200.html (911 words)

	Mugam - Musical Tradition of Azerbaijan
		It is a highly complex form of art music (as opposed to folk music) with specific systems and concepts of musical expression that demand of its performers a very high standard of professionalism.
		The songs are often based on the ancient poetry of Azerbaijan, and although love is a common topic in these poems, to the uninitiated ear many of the intricacies and allusions are lost.
		With respect to the concept of improvisation, Mugam music is often put in relation to jazz, a comparison that is accurate to a certain point only.
	home.datacomm.ch /lawless/mugam.htm (722 words)

	Various Artists - Anthology of World Music: The Music of Azerbaijan - Review - Stylus Magazine
		You'll notice that Azerbaijan is smack in the middle of several war zones.
		Finally, there's the actual war zone: Nagorno-Karabakh, a region in western Azerbaijan that was the site of a horrible war in the early 1990s and is currently under the control of the Armenian army.
		In other words, as the country of Azerbaijan struggles to deal with the external political, economic, and military forces trying to control the region, the musicians here (and, by extension, the people as a whole) have turned that struggle into art.
	www.stylusmagazine.com /reviews/various-artists/anthology-of-world-music-the-music-of-azerbaijan.htm (862 words)

	UNDP Azerbaijan
		The reason was that on 25 April 2006 the Theatre was hosting an anti-AIDS concert of religious music.
		Organized by the Forum of religious communities, the event is part of the joint activities of the United Nations Development Programme and the State Committee on the work with religious associations within the project on Strengthening capacities of religious organizations in response to HIV/AIDS.
		Chairman, Azerbaijan with its traditional religious tolerance is one of the rare places of the globe, where all religious confessions unite in the face of the global threat named HIV/AIDS.
	www.un-az.org /undp/news/2006/25-4-2006/25-4-2006_eng.php (276 words)

	Music of Azerbaijan
		Mugams have been the most favorite music of the Turks, the Arabs, Persians, Indians and other peoples, living in the big geographical—administrative territories, for many centuries and in each country mugams improved people's inherent moral features.
		Habil Aliyev's first concert was relayed from the tv in 1961.Habil played "Segah" with a new perfoming and technique which caused a great noise among the admirers of music.Habil began to extend his creative researches from day to day.
		To sound every mugam in its own language in a tripet,to protect its united spirit and to stress the individuality of all the components of the music is one of the splendid efforts of Habil Aliyev.
	www.eworldrecords.com /musofaz.html (208 words)

	[No title]
		The starting point for the story of classical music in Azerbaijan was the bill that appeared on the streets of Baku on January 12, 1908, and announced that an amateur Moslem theatrical group was presenting the opera Laila and Majnun.
		The music for the opera based on the poem by Muhamed Fizuli was written by the composer Uzeir Gadjibekov.
		Azerbaijan covers an area of 29.540 Km2, with a populations of approximatively 2,5 millions.
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/azerbaijan--ruling.html (390 words)

	Classical Net Review - Ali-Zadeh - Mugam Sayagi, Oasis, Apsheron Quintet, Music for Piano
		Studying at the Baku Conservatory, she became a masterful pianist, and introduced fellow Azerbaijanis to progressive or even avant-garde music that was unknown in the republic at the time.
		At the time of its composition, Azerbaijan and Armenia were at war, and the music seems to mourn and protest the warfare in a way that Westerners will find both familiar and exotic.
		Use of text, images, or any other copyrightable material contained in these pages, without the written permission of the copyright holder, except as specified in the Copyright Notice, is strictly prohibited.
	www.classical.net /music/recs/reviews/n/non79804a.html (609 words)

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