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	Music of Mesopotamia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Melodically Ancient Mesopotamian music was organized with complex modes and modal types, including pentatonic, diatonic, and chromatic scales, similar to contemporary Arab and Indian music such as in a current raga or maqamat.
		Ancient Mesopotamian harmony was most likely limited to fourth and fifth chords (dyads), as in African and archaic Italian folk music, and the systematic use of drones which the Ancient Mesopotamians originated.
		Rhythmically, the music was intricate and complex, as witnessed by the rhythmic complexity of Mesopotamian influenced Islamic, Arab, Indian, and medieval European musics, all of which share 2 against 3 (as hemiola or cross-rhythm).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Music_of_Mesopotamia (625 words)

	Philip Tagg: A Short Prehistory of Western Music
		Music was also an integral part of daily liturgy in the temple, it occurred at annual festivals, on special occasions, such as the completion of a temple, at funerals, etc. Detailed rules of procedure governed how which music on which instruments should be used for what purpose on which occasion.
		Music from the Zhou dynasty until the end of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of a nationalist government in 1911 was used in three main areas: (i) in agricultural festivals of ancient origin which combined poetry, music and dance, (ii) in imperial court rituals, (iii) in religious ritual.
		This means (i) preserving the musical practices of religious rites intact; (ii) codifying relationships between music and the supposedly eternal, immutable or unquestionable; (iii) constructing aesthetics of music as theory and as practice debarring the uninitiated from both understanding and mastery of the music of the ruling class.
	www.tagg.org /teaching/Origins3.html (10361 words)

	KEO - CULTURE - Music - Introduction
		Modern Kurdish music is the inheritor of the medieval Kurdish musical heritage which nurtured and gave rise to these artists and researchers in the field.
		In modern Kurdish music, at any rate, adding words to the instrumental sounds is considered as essential and necessary to make music as plucking the strings of the tambura, striking the drum, or blowing into the flute.
		But as is the story with the musical style of nations spread over long stretches of territory, neighboring different peoples, cultures, and musical styles, Kurdish music carries all these influences in their pristine form.
	www.kurdistanica.com /english/culture/music/music-kurdish.html (2401 words)

	Musical Theory
		Music was as important in ancient India, Egypt, and China as it was in Mesopotamia and Greece.
		For instance, in any culture that knows the harp as intimately as it was known in Egypt and Mesopotamia, its visible variety of string lengths and economy of materials (strings require careful and often onerous preparation) encourage builders, as a sheer survival strategy, to notice the correlation between a string's length and its intended pitch.
		It is now a normal part of a child's musical education to learn to view the scale as a spiral of musical fifths and fourths, as they are actually tuned--for the convenience of the ear--and to be shown those tones in a tone circle.
	www.new-universe.com /pythagoras/mcclain.html (5656 words)

	Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Although we can't hear that music, we can reconstruct the instruments and get an idea about the sounds and the rhythms that were heard.
		We know that music and dancing were a part of daily celebration and temple rites-music was played for marriages and births in the royal families.
		Music was also used to back up the recitation of poetry, as in Greece.
	www.dl.ket.org /humanities/connections/class/ancient/mesopmusic.htm (236 words)

	Mesopotamia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		For other uses see Mesopotamia (disambiguation) Mesopotamia (Greek: Μεσοποταμία, translated from Old Persian Miyanrudan "the Land between the Rivers" or the Aramaic name Beth-Nahrin "two rivers") is a region of Southwest Asia.
		Mesopotamia was settled, and conquered, by numerous ancient civilizations, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians and the Persian Empire.
		Mesopotamia is a town in the state of Ohio, USA.
	mesopotamia.ask.dyndns.dk (300 words)

	Art on Podium: Impact of Iranian Music on Other Cultures and Vice Versa
		The impression left on Iranian music by the Indian music since ancient times is quite evident from the common Aryan traditional music, among which the one with the well-known story about the Indian gypsies might be the most famous.
		Besides the history of the western music shows that the percussion instrument made of hide and known as "naker" is the father of its present version known as timpani.
		He compiled a musical theory on the Iranian music with a western outlook on the basis of which, for instance, the 24-part scale might be redesigned.
	www.iranchamber.com /podium/art/020930_iranian_music_other_culture.php (2193 words)

	Ancient_Near_Eastern_Music_Bibliography
		Eaton, J. "Music's Place in Worship: A Contribution from the Psalms," in J. Barton, R. Carroll, et al., eds., Prophets, Worship and Theodicy: Studies in Prophetism, Biblical Theology and Structural and Rhetorical Analysis and on the Place of Music in Worship (Oudtestamentische Studien 23; Leiden: Brill, 1984), pp.
		Gterbock, H.G., "Musical Notation in Ugarit," Revue d'Assyriologie 64 (1970), 45-52.
		Soreg, Y., Music in Judaism in the Second-Temple, Mishnaic, and Talmudic Eras (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of South Africa, 1981).
	faculty.washington.edu /snoegel/music.html (9478 words)

	Memories of Home CD
		It is music which will open your heart and heal your soul as you take a journey to a distant place in your memory which you know as home.
		The music on Memories of Home is based on tunings that are different than those used in most Western music.
		There is an Ancient Music page which discusses the Mesopotamian tunings themselves, Equal Temperament and other tunings, and puts them all in a historical context.
	www.lightbridgemusic.com /moh.htm (298 words)

	Dolmetsch Online - Music Theory Online - Music before the 16th Century
		In the music performance they were having the dance, and with their drum or dholak, and it at once reminded me of my early life, for I was born in Central India, and I had seen this kind of dance.
		Music was essential to the pattern and texture of Greek life, as it was an important feature of religious festivals, marriage and funeral rites, and banquet gatherings.
		Musically, Dunstable's significant contribution to the theory and practice of composition in the early fifteenth century was the introduction of more melodic music and outlining chords as a part of the melody.
	www.dolmetsch.com /musictheory35.htm (16846 words)

	Arab Music - Part One
		Music, or alandshymusiqa, a term that came from the Greek, emerged as a speculative discipline and as one of alandshyulum alandshyriyadiyyah, or "the mathematical sciences," which paralleled the Quatrivium (arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy) in the Latin West.
		The third major process affecting Arab music was the contact between the Islamic Near East and Europe at the time of the Crusades in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries and during the Islamic occupation of Spain (713-1492.) This contact had a widespread impact on both Islamic and European traditions.
		Although it is difficult to assess precisely the nature and extent of the Near Eastern musical impact upon medieval Europe, such scholars as Julian Ribera, Alois R. Nykl, and Henry George Farmer have argued that substantial influence existed in areas ranging from rhythm and song forms to music theory, nomenclature, and musical instruments.
	trumpet.sdsu.edu /M151/Arab_Music1.html (2023 words)

	howandtao.com » Mesopotamia? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		I had musical adventures before he was born and he’ll be having them long after I’m gone.
		Music is all around us and we can’t get enough of it.
		We need you to add your stories to the folk process so that they become part of the big pot of Mesopotamia that is being stirred by musicians all over the world.
	howandtao.com /?p=11 (487 words)

	The Kassites, the Mitanni, and the rise of Assyria (from history of Mesopotamia) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Mesopotamia to the end of the Achaemenian period > The Kassites, the Mitanni, and the rise of Assyria
		More results on "The Kassites, the Mitanni, and the rise of Assyria (from history of Mesopotamia)" when you join.
		The name is Greek for “land between the rivers.” As the muddy streams flooded and receded, their silt built the rich alluvial plain.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-55445 (953 words)

	CD Baby: MORAíTO CHICO, OMAR BASHIR, JOOKOO: Journey to the Roots of Flamenco - from evor
		Music from ancient Mesopotamia, which could be the source of flamenco music and even the blues.
		This CD contains tribal music and singing from the ancient land of Mesopotamia clearly proving to be true.
		The musicians in the community he was part of played their own ethnic music, but he began playing the blues guitar as well.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/jookoo/from/evor (881 words)

	Bella Roma Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The discovery and translation of ancient music texts in Mesopotamia became a major agenda in the late nineteen sixties, when articles began to appear in scholarly journals about cuneiform texts excavated within the last century in Iraq and Syria.
		Then the double horizontal line is shown with two pairs of small angle wedges inscribed between them: this cuneiform sign may indicate the notation "twice" or "double." Below the double lines is the musical notation; after that, on the reverse, is the "colophon," or label to the text.
		The musical notation takes the form of a series of interval names followed by numerals.
	www.bellaromamusic.com /stories/hurrianmoonrise/moonrisepage.html (644 words)

	Instruments of ancinet Iraq: Mesopotamian Music
		While the exact music from ancient Mesopotamia can never be recovered, Iraq has produced intruiging written evidence supporting the existence of sophisticated music theory and practice in Sumerian, Babylonian and Akkadian cultures.
		A family of musical texts inscribed in cuneiform tablets reveal a wealth of musical information about specific tuning modes, string names and hymns.
		These written documents demonstrate that musical activity was being recorded a thousand years prior to the rise of ancient Greek civilization, a culture commonly credited with the earliest development of musical documents.
	www.williamsound.com /gold_lyre_music_info.html (178 words)

	Amazon.com: Mesopotamia: Books: Gwendolyn Leick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Early Mesopotamia; Society and Economy at the Dawn of History by N.
		Ancient Mesopotamia : Portrait of a Dead Civilization by A.
		She also attends to the different archaelogists who've dug up Mesopotamia and their biases, hypotheses, etc.; she takes a similar approach with contemporary scholarly debates, "teaching the conflicts" as it were.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0140265740?v=glance (693 words)

	LuaKa BoP: David Byrne
		Talking Heads took popular music in new directions, both in terms of sound and lyrics, and also introduced an innovative visual approach to the genre.
		Byrne’s record label Luaka Bop, which was founded in 88, has evolved from a label specializing in "world music" compilations to one with emerging acts such as Cornershop, Geggy Tah, Susana Baca, Zap Mama and a host of Alternalatino bands such as Bloque, Los Amigos Invisibles and King Chango.
		Like his film and musical projects, his photography is often described as elevating the mundane or the banal to the level of art.
	www.luakabop.com /david_byrne/cmp/info.html (1302 words)

	Domain of Culture - Cultural Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The atmosphere changes as we are transferred to the British north, with the vocal ensemble of medieval religious music, Gothic Voices.
		Next in line is the Grupo Aymara, which performs ritual music and dances of the Aymara Indians in the Bolivian Andes.
		The program closes impressively with two big names of the African-American traditional music scene: The Madison Sweet Heaven Kings, the famous brass band of the Pentacostal Church and, of course, la grande dame of the gospels and the spirituals, Barbara Hendricks with the Gustav Sjokvist Chamber Choir.
	www.cultureguide.gr /events/details.jsp?Event_id=37915&catA=7 (1117 words)

	Products available from INEAS
		Based on a two-year research, this program covers music of the ancient, Medieval and modern times concentrating on music from Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, Arabia, Persia and Spain.
		It also includes history of musical instruments such as the wind-pipes, stringed instruments and the family of drums.
		The segment, flavored with music and songs, is related to horses from around these regions.
	www.ineas.org /products.htm (804 words)

	Mesopotamia - Mesopotamia Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Over the course of 4000 years, the art of Mesopotamia reveals a tradition that appears, homogeneous in style and iconography.
		History and poetry for the first time was recorded and set down to music.
		The Sumerians were the first civilization to occupy the Tigris-Euphrates river valley called the Mesopotamia (literally meaning "the land between two rivers")...
	www.huntfor.com /arthistory/ancient/mesopotamia.htm (677 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Mesopotamia
		The first writings ascribed to an author were ascribed to this woman, a daughter of Sargon.
		Music of the Ancient Near East [At AOL]
		On the world's oldest written music, with a MIDI transcription of Hurrian Hymn H6.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook03.html (1172 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Mesopotamia: Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Mesopotamia was always one of my favourite B52s albums, even though it was more of an EP than an album.
		There is an import available which teams this album with the similarly short "Party Mix" EP, which makes better monetary sense, although sadly that double pack features the same remixed songs from Mesopotamia as this CD.
		This record is typical of the B-52's style with a heady mix of songs with a distinctly off-the-wall attitude to the world.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/B000006SM5 (564 words)

	Mesopotamia
		The name Mesopotamia comes from ancient Greek words meaning "between rivers"--which exactly describes its situation.
		It is a good possibility that this fertile land between 2 rivers may have been originally identified with paradise.
		The people from Mesopotamia built houses out of tall reeds staked in the ground in two parallel rows, the tops were tied together and covered with matting.
	www.dl.ket.org /humanities/connections/class/ancient/mesop.htm (844 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Music \| New Hampshire Public Radio
		He specializes in ancient instruments and music of Mesopotamia and Egypt.
		His CD,"Ambient Egypt," combines the sounds of the ancient instruments with modern mixing techniques.
		The music is being used as part of the traveling exhibit, "The Quest for Immortality", which is currently at the Museum of Science in Boston.
	www.nhpr.org /?q=node/4378 (98 words)

	Dictionary of the History of Ideas
		ritual music, serves as an indicator of the macro-
		music, for example, is taken to be a mere symbol of in-
		Music of Ancient Mesopotamia,” “The Music of Ancient
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv3-34 (2447 words)

	datadubai.com: Arabic Music - The Oud (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The violin is a popular instrument in Arabic music.
		Pictures of "Oud-like" instruments have been found on stone carvings and wall paintings of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.
		The earliest ouds were thought to be carved from a solid piece of wood that resembled Chinese and Japanese instruments which are descendants of the ancient Persian barbat.
	www.datadubai.com /music.htm (589 words)

	Mesopotamia Art
		The city, the temple, and the palace complexes were all means to give physical expression to power.
		To begin...objects created 3000 years ago in Mesopotamia were never thought of as art objects in our sense of the term.
		This is the sounding box of a musical "contrivance" and is decorated with shell and lapis lazuli.
	www.dl.ket.org /humanities/connections/class/ancient/mesopart.htm (959 words)

	Amazon.com: Mesopotamia (Cultures of the Past, Group 4): Books: Pamela F. Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Mesopotamia volume of the Cultures of the Past series, unlike those devoted to the Ancient Egyptians or Spain in the Age of Exploration, looks at a series of ancient cultures that flourished in the Fertile Crescent at what is essentially the beginning of recorded history.
		Pamela F. Service has to touch on the kingdoms of Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria, all of which held sway over the rich land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers ("Mesopomatmia" means "land between the rivers").
		This look at Mesopotamia comes back farther than any other volume, but the series does come up to the time of Elizabethan England and the Aztec Empire.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0761403019?v=glance (899 words)

	JR.com: The B-52's - Party Mix/Mesopotamia in Music: New Wave:
		MESOPOTAMIA was originally released in 1982, and is available separately on cassette.
		MESOPOTAMIA is actually an interesting experiment, lacking the trademark humor of earlier releases while featuring a more electronic new-wave sound.
		The project aligns the B-52s with some of the other female-vocal-fronted bands of the time and is worth a listen.
	www.jr.com /JRProductPage.process?Product=3918798 (566 words)

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