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Topic: Music of Western Sahara

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	ipedia.com: Western Sahara Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Western Sahara is a region of northwestern Africa, bordering Morocco on the north, Algeria on the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic ocean on the west.
		Western Sahara (EH in ISO 3166-1) is a region of northwestern Africa, bordering Morocco on the north, Algeria on the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic ocean on the west.
		Western Sahara, a territory poor in natural resources and lacking sufficient rainfall, depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population.
	www.ipedia.com /western_sahara.html (345 words)

	Moroccan music
		Andalusian music is characterised by a complicated musical structure.
		It is extremely complicated in musical structure, and its lyrics are characterised by the strict use of the Andalusian dialect or classical Arabic.
		The music of the Gnawa is a powerful mixture of religious Arabic songs and African rhythms, trance music tinged with mysticism.
	www.al-bab.com /maroc/cult/music.htm (1244 words)

	Western Sahara
		Western Sahara (EH in ISO 3166-1) is a region of northwestern Africa, bordering Morocco on the north, Algeria on the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic ocean on the west.
		Western Sahara is located in Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco.
		Western Sahara, a territory poor in natural resources and lacking sufficient rainfall, depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/w/we/western_sahara.html (340 words)

	999 Western Sahara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Western Sahara (EH in ISO 3166-1) is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands.
		On November 6, 1975 the Green March into Western Sahara began when 300,000 unarmed Moroccans converged on the city of Tarfaya in southern Morocco and waited for a signal from King Hassan II of Morocco to cross into Western Sahara.
		The Polisario-controlled parts of Western Sahara are barren and have no resident population, but they are travelled by small numbers of Sahrawis herding camels, going back and forth between the Tindouf area and Mauritania.
	www.999westernsahara.com (2270 words)

	World Music Central - Sahrauis, Music of Western Sahara
		The ten tracks marry traditional Hawl with contemporary Western sensibility and all of the tracks revolve around the political struggle the Saharawis face and their hope for liberation.
		Yet, because these songs are based on traditional music structure, the appearance of the electric guitar only adds volume and does not adopt the Western idiom of rock music.
		Because the traditional music is so beguiling, I hope this music will be preserved for future generations and created at the Saharawis' true home, the Western Sahara.
	www.worldmusiccentral.org /article.php/20031004183122657 (1020 words)

	Turath Theory of Arab Music by Ali Jihad Racy Maqam
		Music, or al-musiqa, a term that came from the Greek, emerged as a speculative discipline and as one of al-ulum al-riyadiyyah, or "the mathematical sciences," which paralleled the Quatrivium (arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy) in the Latin West.
		One of the earliest manifestations of Westernization in the Arab world was Muhammad 'Ali's importation of the European military-band concept into Egypt in the early nineteenth century and the establishment of military schools in which Western instruments and musical notation were employed.
		For example, the music of North Africa, primarily Morocco and Algeria, differs from the music of Egypt and the Levant in matters of intonation, modality, preference for certain musical instruments, and degree of exposure and retention of Andalusian musical influence.
	www.turath.org /ProfilesMenu.htm (3788 words)

	Humanities Education Centre Western Sahara Collection home page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Western Sahara, given its name in 1975 by the United Nations, is the last African colonial state still to declare its independence.
		The Western Sahara's map borders are a result of colonial agreements made between France, Spain and Morocco in 1900, 1904 and 1912.
		A fourth camp, Auserd (a small town in the interior of Western Sahara), was formed later as a result of population growth.
	www.papaink.org /gallery/home/artist/display/160.html (1782 words)

	List of cultural and regional genres of music - Gurupedia
		Music of Guinea-Bissau (gumbe, brosca, kussundé, kundere, djambadon, tina, tinga, calibash)
		Music of the Maldives (boduberu, thaara, Gaa odi lava, langiri, bolimalaafath neshun)
		Music of Martinique and Guadeloupe (biguine, chouval bwa, gwo ka, kadans,
	www.gurupedia.com /l/li/list_of_cultural_and_regional_genres_of_music.htm (913 words)

	"progressive" Africa : review page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Any musical performance with a live energy needs a couple of conditions in sound how to be effective for a purpose of any recording session or live performances in a different perspective.
		Black Africa can be considered as being forced by Western standards and colony interests into ‘countries’, while many people -if not having found some newer religions with other ideas- still regulate their world like tribes, something which causes of course troubles, because some tribes became rulers of such countries, causing discrimination and conflicts).
		Also with the search for independence, music accompanied in a rather political way, with some diplomacy reflects the searching elements for freedom and social confirmation, often making the musicians work like accompanying ambassadors to show certain ideas and providing it with a feeling of comfort.
	progressive.homestead.com /Africa.html (1833 words)

	World Music Central - Sahrauis, Music of Western Sahara
		The ten tracks marry traditional Hawl with contemporary Western sensibility and all of the tracks revolve around the political struggle the Saharawis face and their hope for liberation.
		Yet, because these songs are based on traditional music structure, the appearance of the electric guitar only adds volume and does not adopt the Western idiom of rock music.
		Because the traditional music is so beguiling, I hope this music will be preserved for future generations and created at the Saharawis' true home, the Western Sahara.
	worldmusiccentral.org /article.php?story=20031004183122657&mode=print (1026 words)

	sahrauis global notes world music reviews
		The music is superb, however, with the first cd devoted to the singing of the Sahraoui women, who are credited with keeping the refugee settlements together.
		Whether this music, with its simple hypnotic guitar and polyrhythmic handclaps that rock us, is the mother of all trance music is arguable.
		What we do know is that these musicians are still refugees and Sahrauis: The Music of the Western Sahara will stand as a historical account that shows the strength of an extraordinary people sending their message out to an indifferent world.
	www.sonomacountyfreepress.com /global/sahrauis.html (569 words)

	AFRICA - Explore the Regions - Sahara
		For the Tuareg, music is a binding force amid endless dunes.
		In general, Tuareg music is the domain of women.
		Music can accompany any activity from formal celebrations to impromptu social gatherings where voices and hands create an orchestra of desert sounds.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/africa/explore/sahara/sahara_music_lo.html (343 words)

	Various Artists, Sahrauis - The Music of the Western Sahara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Around these parts, I'm the official "World Music Guy." I suppose that means I'm the only one with the audacity to judge other culture's music, or that I'm the one who enjoys a musical challenge the most.
		Hardly a motherlode for those in control of World Music programming, but this disc is a perfect example of what so many people miss in their states of musical narrow-mindedness or ignorance.
		Although it brings to mind the music of many lands, there is a melodic sense that's unique: the closest I could compare it to is Northern Indian with Guatemalan, and yet even that's not right.
	www.greenmanreview.com /sahrauis.html (1053 words)

	Mounia Sahara - Reggae music where Africa meets America - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Moroccan singer Mounia Sahara's passion for reggae is yet another example of the enormous pull that Bob Marley and the music he made famous have across the globe.
		From I heard the music of Bob Marley I just get to like reggae music," explains the 29-year-old singer, who was born in Morocco but who has lived since the age of three in Canada.
		Growing up, her father, who now teaches children to play musical instruments such as the guitar, the drums, and the piano, taught her how to play the guitar.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /lifestyle/html/20061024T220000-0500_114447_OBS_MOUNIA_SAHARA___REGGAE_MUSIC_WHERE_AFRICA_MEETS_AMERICA.asp (462 words)

	Music 4 Games -- The Future of Rock n' Roll & Interactive Entertainment. Est. 1999.
		He studied music at Western Washington University, and is alumni of the Pacific Northwest Film Program.
		I felt that if I could come up with music that melded with the environments and visuals, that this would be the proper and more accurate approach.
		Of course you are doing this at a subconscious level, but I felt with this game the music sort of had to be more environmental and had to fit and âwork withâ the visuals, not stick out too much on its own.
	www.music4games.net /Features_Display.aspx?id=117 (1220 words)

	Audiversity: New Music: Low, Group Doueh, Pole
		On the far west side of the Sahara, somewhere between the fuzzy borders of Mauritania and the Morroco-annexed territory known as Western Sahara, Baamar Salmou aka Doueh, his wife, son and friend jam under the name Goup Droueh.
		Audiversity is first and foremost a resource for discovering new, diverse music that may otherwise have gone unnoticed in the sea of soundwaves that is currently enveloping our popular culture.
		Our goal is not to give away free music, but to use free samples in a manner that piques the interest of a reader and sends them in the right direction to rightfully purchase the music for their own personal use.
	audiversity.com /2007/03/new-music-low-group-doueh-pole.html (1713 words)

	About Western African Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Jeliya, the art of the jeli, is the field of music most closely associated with the ruling Mandinka elite, but it is appreciated by all members of Manding culture.
		Jeliya can be chamber music, played in the open courtyard of a patron, or concert music, played in the halls or stadiums of large cities.
		Tomoraba is predominant in the Casamance and western Gambia.
	www.koramusic.com /1/about-western-african-music.html (1406 words)

	Western Sahara - Economy
		Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population.
		Morocco and the EU signed a four-year agreement in July 2006 allowing European vessels to fish off the coast of Morocco, including the disputed waters off the coast of Western Sahara.
		Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario.
	www.exxun.com /WesternSahara/e_ec.html (398 words)

	Group Doueh - Guitar Music From The Western Sahara Review from Music Emissions
		Based on Saharawi music, which is traditional sung poetry from the native language in Western Sahara, this set is blending of that with some odd pop tones, and outrageous guitar freakouts.
		So this set is at once a celebration of a lifetime of work, a rare glimpse into a isolated land and what they have done with the music that has filtered into it, and an in-your face funk riot.
		A crazed, spacey jam that is truly outsider music, a release from maybe the best label there is, and a new guitar hero for you bedroom mirror self-stalkers.
	www.musicemissions.com /artists/albums/index.php?album_id=5900 (222 words)

	African Studies Center \| Western Sahara Page
		Western Sahara: The self determination process of the former Spanish Sahara (Emmanuel Martinoli)
		Information about the decolonization process of W. Sahara, UN referendum, human rights violations, the situation of the Saharawi refugees in Algeria; besides historical, ethnological, geographical, and political background.
		The Western Sahara Project aims to further our understanding of the human past and its relationship to changes in environmental conditions in the Sahara and northern Africa as a whole, through field-based archaeological and palaeo-environmental studies.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Country_Specific/W_Sahara.html (412 words)

	Traditional African Music Finds New Audiences
		The international popular music industry once overlooked traditional African music, but a major shift in the opposite direction now sees more record companies and music stores vie to include traditional African music on their rosters and on their shelves.
		Members of a generation heavily exposed to Western influences and ambivalent about their role in furthering the cause of Africa, Hijas de Sol challenge the youth of Africa to partake in its rescue from the forces that challenge its culture and tradition.
		Hijas also challenge the elders, guarantors of a threatened tradition and vital link of the past to the present, to share their wisdom generously with the youth on whose shoulders rests the responsibility of sustaining culture and tradition into the future.
	archive.blackvoices.com /articles/daily/index_20000528.asp (1143 words)

	WSO\| News - Jun 2001
		Asked if the Secretary-General had reaction to the letter recently sent by Algeria to him on the Western Sahara report, the Spokesman answered that he was not aware of a specific reaction but he added that the Secretary-General was scheduled to meet with representatives from Algeria later today.
		The steps of Parliament House were ablaze with colour and the flash of media cameras tonight as two camels draped in the Western Sahara flag arrived, watched by dignitaries, trade union leaders and Western Sahara supporters in traditional dress.
		Lakaibat (Northeast Western Sahara): The Polisario Front staged military manoeuvres on Tuesday June 5th at Lakaibat, Tifarity - 2nd military region, in the liberated territories of the SADR, in which armoured vehicles, anti-aircraft artillery and infantry batallions took part..
	www.wsahara.net /2001/Jun01.html (1705 words)

	Music Reviews - Art & Entertainment
		The ears of Sublime Frequencies head and Sun City Girls mastermind Alan Bishop perked up when he found Doueh's music between long sets of static on the radio in the village of Essouira, Morocco, and was immediately ecstatic about finding this musician and releasing the music on his label.
		Guitar Music is unique in that Doueh's pop sensibilities are not typical of the Sahrawi songs (which is the genre of Hassania language's sung poetry) that he plays, and that they also rely "on Hendrix as much as traditional Sahrawi music," as Doueh puts it.
		This is the type of music that should be shared with people, so as it's finally getting warm outside, call your pals over, throw some mushroom burgers on the grill and jam out to some of the best summer music ever: music from a place where it's summer all the damn time.
	media.www.csucauldron.com /media/storage/paper516/news/2007/03/19/ArtEntertainment/Music.Reviews-2780247.shtml (657 words)

	Western Sahara Update
		Hope in Western Sahara Tim Judah reports from deep in the Sahara desert, where thousands of refugees pin their hopes for peace on a visit by the UN secretary-general.
		The United Nations special envoy to Western Sahara, Charles Dunbar, has held talks with leaders of the Polisario Front in the Algerian border town of Tindouf.
		Morocco firm on Sahara as Annan lands in the region.
	www.btinternet.com /~donald.macdonald/saharawi.htm (1728 words)

	Western Sahara, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
		Their music has similarities to that of the music in Mauritania.
		The main musical instruments that they use are the ‘Tbal’ – which is a kind of drum – and the ‘Tidinit’ – a kind of stringed instrument.
		Flag of Western Sahara: the flag of Western Sahara too consists of the colors that dominate most flags in the African continent.
	www.mapsofworld.com /country-profile/economy-of-western-sahara-and-its-people-culture-and-festivals.html (278 words)

	Vintage Sounds From the Sahara and Points South - New York Times
		On the rougher edge is “Group Doueh: Guitar Music From the Western Sahara” (Sublime Frequencies), a vinyl-only compilation of music by the guitarist Doueh (pronounced Doo-WAY), from Dakhla in Western Sahara, on the western edge of the desert and the continent.
		But flip the record over, and the music becomes both sonically clearer and musically more complex: “Dun Dan,” with Doueh singing to his own guitar accompaniment, and “Wazan Samat,” with the vocals of Doueh’s wife, Halima, are casual but brilliantly complicated performances.
		As the song fades between interrelated musical and vocal figures, its anchor is a long and touching letter, written by Mr.
	www.nytimes.com /2007/03/25/arts/music/25play.html?ex=1332475200&en=60bcd82355e9986e&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (1097 words)

	Movie Music UK — Sahara — Clint Mansell
		Sahara is a popcorn adventure movie adapted from the popular novel by Clive Cussler, and directed by Breck Eisner (son of the former Disney head honcho Michael).
		As good as Sahara is, though, one does have to wonder how much of it is the work of Mansell and how much of it is as a result of the participation of the erstwhile conductor/orchestrator Nicholas Dodd.
		Like the film it accompanies, Sahara is big dumb fun, but nowhere is it written that these things alone are not enough to recommend it.
	www.moviemusicuk.us /saharacmcd.htm (967 words)

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