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Topic: Music of Zimbabwe

	Music of Zimbabwe - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Popular genres in Zimbabwe include native chimurenga and imported rumba, soukous and rock and roll.
		The Ndebele-dominated region of the southwest of Zimbabwe, including the city Bulawayo, has been instrumental in the development of Zimbabwean music.
		Among the most popular performers of the region within Zimbabwe, however, was 1980s Ndebele pop sensation Lovemore Majaivana.Leornard"Musorowenyoka"Dembo,of karanga (shona)tribe orrigin,made history,by his music being internationally acclaimed and being used for the miss universe pageant show.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Music_of_Zimbabwe (508 words)

	The political music of Zimbabwe : Centre Research for Political Song : Glasgow Caledonian University
		Zimbabwe has been in the media on a regular basis over the last couple of years, for all the wrong reasons.
		Gone is the image of Zimbabwe as the epitome of an ex-colonial state in control, a land of bountiful mineral wealth, and a thriving tourist destination.
		In independent Zimbabwe, Mtukudzi seemed to have kept himself firmly apart from Zimbabwe’s murky political waters, that is, until the release of his album "Bvuma" (literally translated, ‘accept’).
	www.gcal.ac.uk /politicalsong/research/byrne.html (1183 words)

	Mbira.org - Shona mbira music of Zimbabwe
		MBIRA is a non-profit organization whose purpose is to educate the public regarding traditional Shona music of Zimbabwe, including mbira music, and to develop a library of recordings to preserve that music.
		One of the primary objectives of MBIRA is to ensure that Shona music activities outside Zimbabwe benefit Zimbabwean musicians and instrument makers.
		Zimbabwe's mbira shown below is the primary traditional instrument of the Zezuru tribes of the Shona people, and has been played for over 1,000 years at religious rituals, royal courts, and social occasions.
	www.mbira.org (275 words)

	Freemuse: Tracing the Footsteps — Censorship and Music in Zimbabwe
		It is this music that this article seeks to place into perspective as well as analyze within the context of the struggle for freedom of expression in the country.
		In Zimbabwe and similarly to countries that emerge from a ‘revolutionary war’, there was the euphoria of acceptance and hope, with a significant majority of citizens accepting a culture of acceptance of the cultural output of the victorious liberation war political party or movement.
		In the midst of the protest music and its brave purveyors, there are those that have retained comfort in composing music that deals largely with religion and other social issues that the government is comfortable with.
	www.freemuse.org /sw9314.asp (1347 words)

	Zimbabwe: Shona Mbira Music
		In the Shona tradition of Zimbabwe, mbira musicians represent the wise men of the culture; their performance often serves as a catalyst for spiritual awakening.
		And as a broad general introduction to the variety of styles and approaches of mbira music, this record is exceptional.
		The melodies of her songs are inviting and accessible (read: World Music), but the underpinnings retain the interlocking patterns that have long defined mbira music.
	www.allaboutjazz.com /php/article.php?id=44 (1973 words)

	Music of Zimbabwe
		Popular genres in Zimbabwe include native chimurenga and imported rumba, soukous and rock and roll.
		The Ndebele-dominated region of the southwest of Zimbabwe, including the city Bulawayo, has been instrumental in the development of Zimbabwean music.
		Among the most popular performers of the region within Zimbabwe, however, was 1980s Ndebele pop sensation Lovemore Majaivana.Leornard"Musorowenyoka"Dembo,of karanga (shona)tribe orrigin,made history,by his music being internationally acclaimed and being used for the miss universe pageant show.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/m/mu/music_of_zimbabwe.html (513 words)

	Zimbabwean Music
		Thomas Mapfumo is Zimbabwe’s biggest star,; this compilation presents 18 of the Hallelujah Chicken Run Band’s biggest and most influential hits, recorded from 1974-1979 and all painstakingly remastered.
		Mbira is a musical instrument from Zimbabwe and it is believed that playing it is a way to talk to the spirits, to the spiritual world.
		His music is different from that of the Bhundu Boys or the Four Brothers, as it is calmer (for lack of a better word).
	www.africaguide.com /country/zimbab/music.htm (823 words)

	African Studies Center \| Zimbabwe Page
		Dandemutande is devoted to the music and culture of Zimbabwe, giving special attention to traditional and contemporary music as performed on mbira and marimba.
		The Zimbabwe Music Festival is the largest annual gathering in North America for students, teachers, performers, and fans of Zimbabwean music.
		The Zimbabwe International Book Fair (ZIBF) Trust is an independent association of professionals from the African literary community, charged with the responsibility for promoting and developing the African book industry by providing an efficient and effective annual trade and cultural event.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /African_Studies/Country_Specific/Zimbabwe.html (624 words)

	Art & Culture for Zimbabwe
		Shona Mbira Music of Zimbabwe - Shona Mbira Music of Zimbabwe - MBIRA is a non-profit organization whose purpose is to educate the public regarding traditional Shona music of Zimbabwe, including mbira music, and to develop a library of recordings to preserve that music.
		The Music of Zimbabwe - The Music of Zimbabwe - Collection of more than 20 excellent pages on all aspects of traditional and contemporary music in Zimbabwe.
		Zimbabwean Music Festival - The Zimbabwean Music Festival is a unique three-day celebration of music from Zimbabwe, complete with workshops and concerts featuring guest musicians from Zimbabwe and North American teachers, performers and students.
	www.escapeartist.com /zimbabwe/art.html (633 words)

	The Zimbabwean - An Independent Zimbabwe Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		HARARE - The book "Zimbabwe Township Music" by Joyce Jenje Makwenda was launched recently at The Book Cafe amid a colourful crowd of sponsors, friends and artists who have featured in the book.
		The culmination of over 20 years of research and the fulfillment of a lifetime ambition, Zimbabwe Township Music was hailed as a valuable and very important documentation of the nations township music culture.
		Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe is leading the way for the support of arts in the country, matching substantial support in this sector in other parts of the world.
	www.thezimbabwean.co.uk /viewinfo.cfm?id=595 (492 words)

	H-Net Review: Tony Perman on Singing Culture: A Study of Gospel Music in Zimbabwe
		Chitando's straightforward organization moves sensibly from his introduction and methodological framework to individual chapters on the history of music in Zimbabwe, the rise of gospel music, gospel's relationship with local disadvantaged groups, his own interpretation of gospel's increasing presence, and some concluding remarks on gospel's role in negotiating identity for many contemporary Africans.
		Chitando's historical overview is unlike most accounts of Zimbabwean music because of its privileged attention to the church, as well as the development of commercialization in Zimbabwe and the changing role of women in musical performance.
		Musically, he suggests that church choirs were essential to introducing ideas of talent, inventing understandings of the audience, and introducing new instruments like the guitar and piano.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=157081062533497 (2081 words)

	Freemuse: Zimbabwe: Music industry is dying slowly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Music live shows, the musicians’ cash cow, are now as impossible with bands being restricted to always play within their towns of residence.
		The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) reported recently that 40 percent of the transport industry was grounded and that more than 100 000 drivers and bus crews from both the formal and informal transport sectors were on forced leave.
		Music journalist Guthrie Munyuki says he was surprised that no musician had complained publicly about the loss of business as a result of the closure of flea markets.
	www.freemuse.org /sw11081.asp (1840 words)

	Traditional Music in Zimbabwe
		The function and place of music and musicians in society have been greatly modified in the course of time.
		The music summarised the experiences of a whole people and were communally owned and enjoyed.
		The "traditional" music of Zimbabwe reveals people's spiritual beliefs, their modes of expression, patterns of communication and forms of entertainment, in as much as their present day popular music reveals a lot about the people's present lives and past experiences.
	www.scholars.nus.edu.sg /post/zimbabwe/music/kwaramba14.html (359 words)

	Green Left - The new music of Zimbabwe
		The development of Zimbabwe's vibrant contemporary music is inextricably linked with the long and victorious fight against white minority rule.
		As in much of Africa at the time, Zimbabwe's most popular music in the '60s and '70s was Zairean rumba, South African township jive and American soul.
		Their songs' themes range from celebrations of Zimbabwe's independence to the more homely concerns of love, respect for elders and the upbraiding of drunkenness.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1992/70/2546 (550 words)

	African Studies Center \| Zimbabwe Page
		Dandemutande is devoted to the music and culture of Zimbabwe, giving special attention to traditional and contemporary music as performed on mbira and marimba.
		The Zimbabwe Music Festival is the largest annual gathering in North America for students, teachers, performers, and fans of Zimbabwean music.
		MBIRA is a non-profit organization whose purpose is to educate the public regarding traditional Shona music of Zimbabwe, including mbira music, and to develop a library of recordings to preserve that music.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Country_Specific/Zimbabwe.html (624 words)

	Music of Zimbabwe on Sept. 28 / 2000-2001 / Archive / Press Releases / Hope - Hope College
		Music of Zimbabwe on Sept. 28 / 2000-2001 / Archive / Press Releases / Hope - Hope College
		Mbira Music of Zimbabwe Comes To Hope College on September 28th
		going to happen--the music is so much greater than a human
	www.hope.edu /pr/pressreleases/content/view/full/1228 (152 words)

	zimbabwe
		This is Zimbabwean music that manages to escape the influence of Mapfumo and Mtukudzi, having instead a rhumba flavour to it, and more in common with its northern neighbours in the Swaheli belt of East Africa.
		Chiweshe is a shamaness from Zimbabwe; her music is calculated to put you in a trance and bring forth the spirits, and it does.
		They said my music was political, and I kept saying it was the traditional music of the people of Zimbabwe and the music was part and parcel of their culture.
	www.muzikifan.com /zimbabwe.html (4843 words)

	Definitions of Style - Traditional and Contemporary African Music
		Traditional African music is as historically ancient, rich, and diverse as the continent itself.
		Traditional African music is passed down orally (or aurally) and is not written, and it also relies heavily on percussion instruments of every variety, including xylophones, drums, and tone-producing instruments such as the mbira or “thumb piano.” Traditional African music is generally performed with functional intent in celebrations, festivals, and story-telling.
		The CBMR’s concerns in the area of African music focus on the sub-Saharan areas of the African continent, while the music of North Africa falls under the influence of Arabic cultures and is considered a distinct field of inquiry.
	www.cbmr.org /styles/african.htm (300 words)

	Turino, Thomas: Nationalists, Cosmopolitans, and Popular Music in Zimbabwe
		Hailed as a national hero and musical revolutionary, Thomas Mapfumo, along with other Zimbabwean artists, burst onto the music scene in the 1980s with a unique style that combined electric guitar with indigenous Shona music and instruments.
		The development of this music from its roots in the early Rhodesian era to the present and the ways this and other styles articulated with Zimbabwean nationalism is the focus of Thomas Turino's new study.
		The first book-length look at the role of music in African nationalism, Turino's work delves deeper than most books about popular music and challenges the reader to think about the lives and struggles of the people behind the surface appeal of world music.
	www.press.uchicago.edu /cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/13974.ctl (325 words)

	BBC News \| MUSIC \| Zimbabwe songs struggle to be heard
		However, international pressure on Zimbabwe has grown as human rights groups have warned of a "climate of fear and terror" in the run-up to the elections.
		However in his view, music in Zimbabwe is currently not without its constrictions and this may explain the proliferation of gospel music in the Zimbabwe music charts.
		The musical style, known as Chimurenga, meaning "struggle", was spawned during the fight for liberation from whites-only rule in the 1970s, but it is now being turned against President Mugabe.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/entertainment/music/1816915.stm (517 words)

	Hear mbira music from Zimbabwe, Nov. 2
		"The music’s influence is similar to ancient chants and sacred music.
		A musical prodigy, Kwenda taught himself to play the mbira at age 14, forming his own band and recording while still a teenager.
		Devoted to educating the public about Shona mbira music and supporting its development in Zimbabwe, Azim is director of the nonprofit organization, MBIRA.
	www.lclark.edu /cgi-bin/shownews.cgi?0972519780.2 (468 words)

	Tuku Music - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The band is something of a local music legend, particularly as the Crooners still perform – both in Zimbabwe and internationally.
		According to Ms Jenje-Makwenda, local township music was born as result of a number of foreign (or international) influences, including South African-born Mirriam Makeba, also known as “mama Africa”.Another important, international influence is musician August Musarurwa.
		Although Joyce says she remembers not understanding the music, she also recalls her father playing it more, resulting in her developing an appreciation for the genres.
	www.tukumusic.co.zw /news_39.html (579 words)

	SOUTH AFRICAN MUSIC
		But it is his dedication to the live music scene in Zimbabwe — continually playing to enthusiastic audiences in even the remotest parts of the country - that has earned him the place in people's hearts that he holds today.
		Yet apart from the individuality of his music, Tuku's enduring popularity is largely a result of his powers as a lyricist.
		This album was re-released in Zimbabwe in February 2001 and is one of numerous albums from Mtukudzi’s earlier catalogue that are now available on CD format.
	www.music.org.za /artist.asp?ID=84&v=true (2671 words)

	Music of Zimbabwe featured in mbira concert
		The performers represent the respected elder generation of mbira players in Zimbabwe and are known as the Mbira Masters of Zimbabwe -- Cosmas Magaya and Beauler Dyoko -- together with ethnomusicologist Paul Berliner.
		The mbira is a musical instrument of ancient origins.
		Dyoko, known as the "Queen of Mbira Music," is Zimbabwe's first woman mbira recording artist.
	www.denison.edu /publicaffairs/pressreleases/mbira_11-06.html (372 words)

	Amai Muchena - Biography - AOL Music
		Music in Zimbabwe is often sacramental, and in no case is this more true than where the mbira is concerned.
		Muchena is one of a handful of women who play this instrument resembling a thumb piano.
		Deeply concerned to preserve the sacrality surrounding the mbira, Muchena will not perform in Zimbabwe's beer halls, reserving her music for a more sober audience.
	music.aol.com /artist/amai-muchena/182312/biography (139 words)

	KUNZWANA TRUST
		KUNZWANA is a non-profit-making organisation which fosters the practice and study of indigenous musics in Zimbabwe through the promotion of the work of performing artists and instrument makers for fair reward and the development of music research projects for educational purposes.
		KUNZWANA Music and Cultural Safaris are designed to suit travellers who are interested in participating more fully in the musical culture of Zimbabwe, both in the city centres and the rural areas, and those who want to make personal contact with Zimbabwean performing artists and their families.
		KUNZWANA Music Safaris are not intended for those who wish to view Zimbabwe from behind a hotel window or from the inside of an air-conditioned bus; our idea is to encourage personal contact between visitors and local Zimbabweans and to do this on Zimbabwean terms.
	www.servus.at /argezim/kunzwana.htm (1809 words)

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