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Topic: Music of the United States 1940s and 50s

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	Music of the United States (1940s and 50s) - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Many musical styles flourished and combined in the 1940s and 1950s, most likely because of the influence of radio had in creating a mass market for music.
		In the 1940s, the major strands of American music combined to form what would eventually be coined as rock and roll.
		Close harmony duets had grown popular in the 1940s, and were made mainstream in the mid-1950s by the Louvin Brothers.
	www.music.us /education/M/Music-of-the-United-States-(1940s-and-50s).htm (1488 words)

	Music of the United States (1940s and 50s)
		In the 1940s, the major strands of American music combined to form rock and roll.
		Cuban mambo, chachachá and charanga bands enjoyed brief periods of popularity, and helped establish a viable Latin-American music industry, which led the way to the invention of salsa music among Cubans and Puerto Ricans in New York City in the 1970s.
		The 1940s saw a return to the roots of Cajun music, led by Irvy LeJeune, Nathan Abshire and other artists, alongside musicians who incorporated rock and roll, including Laurence Walker and Aldus Roger.
	www.infomutt.com /m/mu/music_of_the_united_states__1940s_and_50s_.html (958 words)

	[No title]
		During this time, the United States grew to incorporate the Cajun and Creole music of Louisiana, the Polynesian music of Hawaii and Tex-Mex and Tejano music.
		By the end of the 1940s, jazz had grown into such varied fields as bebop and swing. Rock and roll was soon to become the most important component of American popular music, beginning with the rockabilly boom of the 1950s.
		Their music was a mixture of bluesy work songs mixed with jazz and other influences, and included styles like la la and jurÃ©.
	marxist-org-uk.blogspot.com /feeds/posts/default/2247279368474744308 (1191 words)

	James Wierzbicki
		Ph.D. in music, University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music (dissertation topic: “Burlesque Opera in London: 1729–1738”), 1979.
		“Music Criticism in the Soviet Union: New Directions,” presented at annual meeting of the Music Critics Association of North America, Aspen, Colorado, August 1989.
		“Music Criticism in Theory and Practice,” presented to graduate students in the degree program in music criticism, Peabody Conservatory of Music, February 1989.
	www.music.umich.edu /departments/musicology/JamesWierzbicki.htm (941 words)

	Music of the United States (1940s and 50s) - Wikinfo
		Many musical styles flourished and combined in the 1940s and 1950s, most likely because of the influence of radio had in creating a mass market for music.
		In the 1940s, the major strands of American music combined to form what would eventually be coined as rock and roll.
		Monroe became the father of bluegrass music, and his band was a training ground for most of bluegrass' future stars, especially Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=Music_of_the_United_States_(1940s_and_50s) (3970 words)

	History of music - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Early music is a general term used to describe music in the European classical tradition from after the fall of the Roman Empire, in 476 CE, until the end of the Baroque era in the middle of the 18th century.
		Much of the later secular music of the early Renaissance evolved from the forms, ideas, and the musical aesthetic of the troubadors, courtly poets and itinerant musicians, whose culture was largely exterminated during the Albigensian Crusade in the early 13th century.
		Music in the generation after Josquin explored increasing complexity of counterpoint; possibly the most extreme expression of this tendency is in the music of Nicolas Gombert, whose contrapuntal complexities influenced early instrumental music, such as the canzona and the ricercar, ultimately culminating in Baroque fugal forms.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/h/i/s/History_of_music.html (5304 words)

	Salsa music Summary
		Salsa music is traditionally based on a 4/4 time signature, and is mostly phrased in groups of two bars (eight beats), such as recurring rhythmic patterns and main phrases of the chorus.
		Music author Isabelle Leymarie notes that salsa performers often incorporate machoistic bravado (guapería) in their lyrics, in a manner reminiscent of calypso and samba, a theme she ascribes to the performers' "humble backgrounds" and subsequent need to compensate for their origins.
		In the 1930s, '40s and '50s, Cuban music within Cuba was evolving into new styles derived primarily from son and rumba, while the Cubans in New York, living among many Latinos from Puerto Rico and elsewhere, began playing their own distinctive styles, influenced most importantly by African American music.
	www.bookrags.com /Salsa_music (5740 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Music of Cuba
		Música campesina is a rural form of improvised music derived from a local form of décima and verso called punto.
		Arsenio Rodriguez, one of Cuba's most famous soneros, is considered to have brought son back to its African roots in the 1940s by adapting the guaguanco style to son, and by adding a cowbell and conga to the rhythm section.
		Meanwhile, Irakere fused traditional Cuban music was jazz, and groups like NG La Banda, Orishas and Son 14 continued to add new elements to son, especially hip hop to form timba music, as they got hold of imported electronic equipment.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Cuban_music (3268 words)

	Music of the United States Details, Meaning Music of the United States Article and Explanation Guide
		Instead, the music of the United States is that of dozens or hundreds of indigenous and immigrant groups, all of which developed in largely regional isolation until the Civil War.
		Cajun and Louisiana Creole music, rural Appalachian jug bands and country blues-hillbilly music were recorded, each finding some success and mixing with jazz and blues in the process, resulting in an influx of new, popular styles like close harmony.
		Doo wop, a complex type of vocal music, also became popular during the 1950s, and left its mark on 1960s soul and R&B. Its polished sound and romantic ballads made it a major part of the 50s music scene, and, later in the decade, began producing teen idols like Frankie Valli.
	www.e-paranoids.com /m/mu/music_of_the_united_states.html (3134 words)

	International Downloads - Download International Music - Download International MP3s
		The music of Central Europe reflects its dual heritage as a rural, pastoral area and as the center of the great European culture that was nurtured by the court of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		Music was also one of the great anchors of the gypsy community, and many of the music styles of Southeastern Europe show their impact.
		Trova music actually encompassed a variety of native Cuban song forms and rhythms, including the guaracha, the punto, the habanera, the rumba, the son, the clave, and the Latin American bolero, as well as a melodic influence from European opera.
	www.mp3.com /latin/genre/22/styles.html (10337 words)

	HIST 1381 America through Sight and Sound
		American music acquired a distinctive identity because of the infusion of African and African American elements: syncopation, a layered texture mixing percussion, voice, and pitched instruments, a call and response pattern, a continuum between speech and song, and a rough vocal style.
		From upper-class urban British music came a stress on harmony, on melody with a chordal accompaniment, the piano as main chord instrument, a clearly outlined form, and an aspiration to music as a form of art.
		From British folk music came a "down to earth" attitude and singing and playing style, a tradition of using songs to tell stories, repeated refrains, and energy and vitality, since this music was often used to accompany dancing.
	www.class.uh.edu /mintz/hist1381/music.html (7625 words)

	Music history of the United States
		As the United States incorporated more lands, spreading west towards the Pacific Ocean, a number of immigrants began to arrive in the country, bringing with them their own instruments and styles.
		Their music was a mixture of bluesy work songs mixed with jazz and other influences, and included styles like la la and juré.
		In Louisiana, Cajun and Creole music was adding influences from blues and generating some regional hit records, while Appalachian folk music was spawning jug bands, honky tonk bars and close harmony duets, which were to evolve into the pop-folk of the 1940s, bluegrass and country.
	music.information-free.com /American-music/Music_history_of_the_United_States.html (4801 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		Ireland > Music of the United States (1940s and 50s)
		Many musical styles flourished and combined in the 1940s and 1950s, most likely because of the influence of radio had in creating a mass market for music.
		In the 1940s, the major strands of American music combined to form what would eventually be coined as rock and roll.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Music_of_the_United_States_(1940s_and_50s) (1297 words)

	Wikinfo \| Music of the United States (1960s and 70s)
		This stemmed from a revival of hillbilly music early in the decade, and drew on Appalachian folk-pop pioneers The Weavers.
		Country music in the 1960s was dominated by the Nashville Sound until Merle Haggard changed the national country sound to the Bakersfield Sound.
		The rise of the Bakersfield Sound was a popular example of a roots revival in folk music, in which artists and audiences revitalize the traditional music forms of their ancestors, generally as a reaction against dilution of the original culture for mainstream acceptance.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Music_of_the_United_States_(1960s_and_70s) (2630 words)

	Music history of the United States to the Civil War Summary
		The young but vigorous sheet music industry of the mid-nineteenth century capitalized on the event, and the popularity of both religious tunes and minstrel melodies provided affecting music for many purposes, including inspiring crowds at political rallies, recruiting soldiers, accompanying marching and fighting, and comforting soldiers' families at home.
		In many slave states, drumming by slaves was banned, and in 1845 Georgia passed a law prohibiting slaves from performing loud instruments out of fear that it might provide a source of communication for uprisings and resistance.
		With French-Canadians from Acadia, white settlers of Scotch-Irish, French and Spanish descent, Native Americans and an abundance of slaves from the West Indies, New Orleans and the surrounding area was a cultural melting pot.
	www.bookrags.com /Music_history_of_the_United_States_to_the_Civil_War (3876 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Artist Bio
		He always fought for the music he believed in (having a love for freewheeling jam sessions), for his artists (who he accurately considered to be among the greatest in the world) and against racism, forcing many hotels and concert venues to become integrated in the 1940s and 50s.
		The rise of the LP in the early '50s was perfect timing and Granz was able to release many JATP performances on records.
		By the late '50s JATP was drastically slowing down and in 1960 Granz sold Verve to MGM.
	music.barnesandnoble.com /search/artistbio.asp?CTR=109449 (495 words)

	azcentral.com \| Cultures AZ
		Most of this music is modeled after what is seen and heard in Mexico and Latin America, but new musical styles unique to the Mexican-American culture have evolved in the Southwest United States.
		Conjunto spread to Arizona in the 1940s and '50s and was especially popular in rural areas.
		Note: While music and dance from Latin America and the Caribbean Islands have had an equally important impact on the United States, the focus here is on Mexican styles because of their immense influence on Arizona's culture.
	www.azcentral.com /culturesaz/hispanic/hispmusic.html (754 words)

	Arsenio Rodriguez - Verve Records
		Arsenio Rodriguez, one of the most important figures in the history of Cuban music, was a prolific composer (he penned close to 200 songs), tresero, percussionist, and bandleader whose innovations changed the face of Latin dance music and paved the way for what would eventually become known as salsa.
		The 1940s were a classic period in Rodriguez' career and the history of the son.
		In the United States, his was a decisive influence in the '60s and '70s tipico movement, and his experimentation pointed to way to some of the developments made by the more adventurous architects of salsa, such as Willie Colon.
	www.vervemusicgroup.com /artist.aspx?ob=per&src=prd&aid=6246 (1042 words)

	American Mavericks: What Is a Maverick?
		Later, in the 1940s and '50s, the era of the McCarthy witch hunts, many of these composers would be called to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
		While Cowell, Ornstein, and Antheil had based their music around the tone cluster, the industrial noise, the audacious rhythmic gesture, Copland had based his on rhythm itself, and specifically on the idea of using rhythmic variety to enliven small groups of pitches.
		In addition, Crawford taught piano to the daughters of the poet Carl Sandburg; the music critic Alfred Frankenstein fell in love with her; the Chicago Symphony conductor Frederick Stock took an interest in her music; and she studied with and eventually married Charles Seeger.
	musicmavericks.publicradio.org /features/essay_gann03.html (2724 words)

	Mexico: National Geographic World Music (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the southern states such as Oaxaca, the marimba of African origin is an important fixture in what is known as son istmeño as well as the large brass band called banda, a result of the Spanish municipal bands of European tradition.
		The jarocho form comes from the state of Veracruz, which is part of Mexico's Caribbean coast, and demonstrates the influences of its Cuban neighbor with distinctly African and Creole elements such as repetition and improvisation of the lyrics along with its accompanying instruments—the arpa jarocha (harp) and several guitar relatives.
		One of Mexico's more interesting musical marriages occurred with the emigration of Germans to the Mexico-Texas border regions during the prohibition era in the United States.
	worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com /worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/mexico_15 (900 words)

	Gordan Tracie (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He studied Scandinavian folklore in Oslo and Stockholm during the 1940s and ’50s.
		Traveling in Norway and Sweden, he researched folk music and dance and made numerous recordings, many of which were released on LP records in the United States.
		His 1961 booklet, The Folk Music of Sweden was commissioned by the Swedish Broadcasting Corporation and, in 1975, he visited Scandinavia on behalf of the Smithsonian, to find musicians and dancers for the U.S. Bicentennial celebration.
	www.arts.wa.gov /progFA/heritageAwd/1989_tracie.htm (156 words)

	Latin Music
		Salsa music is a diverse and predominantly Caribbean and Latin genre that is popular across Latin America and among Latinos abroad; the style is the primary music played at Latin danceclubs and is the "essential pulse of Latin music", according to author Ed Morales.
		Salsa music is a very broad term that can be used with various meanings depending on the context; its exact meaning is the subject of many arguments among aficionados.
		The New York Latin music of the early 1960s was led by the bands of musicians such as Ray Barretto and Eddie Palmieri, influenced by imported Cuban fads such as pachanga and charanga; after the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, however, Cuban-American contact declined even more precipitously.
	www.legendvega.com /latinmusic/salsa.htm (1957 words)

	Music 4 Games -- The Future of Rock n' Roll & Interactive Entertainment. Est. 1999.
		Grim Fandango is the highly-praised "surreal tale of crime, corruption and greed in the Land of the Dead", inspired by Mexican folklore, art deco and films noirs such as China Town and The Big Sleep.
		Much of the soundtrack is a superb reincarnation of 1940s and 50s New Orleans jazz; it's simply impeccable, perspiring quality from every pore.
		Music wizard Peter McConnell's mastery of the genres is complete - it's authentic, tasty, evocative and classier than a classy thing.
	www.music4games.net /Review_Display.aspx?id=11 (540 words)

	Take me to the river - The Boston Globe
		The band Forro in the Dark has introduced US music lovers to forro, the music born in Brazil's poor and parched northeastern region.
		Combining zydeco-like propulsion, the humor and earthy fatalism of the blues, and a particularly Brazilian sense of nostalgia, forro was born in the sertao, the poor, drought-plagued interior of northeastern states such as Bahia, Pernambuco, and Paraiba.
		While he was frustrated with the limited range of Brazilian music performed in the United States, Refosco didn't intend to start a forro combo.
	www.boston.com /ae/music/articles/2007/06/15/take_me_to_the_river (917 words)

	[No title]
		The fact that the above mentioned CD Habaneras en el tiempo (1995) was mainly distributed in Barcelona underlines the fading interest on this kind of music in the island, specially when compared to the vigorous popularity of the Habanera in the Mediterranean coast of Spain.
		Meanwhile, Irakere fused traditional Cuban music with jazz, and groups like NG La Banda, Orishas and Son 14 continued to add new elements to son, especially hip hop and funk, to form timba music; this process was aided by the acquisition of imported electronic equipment.
		There are still many practitioners of traditional son montuno, such as Eliades Ochoa, who have recorded and toured widely as a result of the upturn in interest in son montuno since the mid-1990s.
	www.boogalu.com /generic_music-history.html (2879 words)

	The NPR 100
		The composition incorporates all kinds of musical and cultural elements that were part of that scene, from ragtime and blues to classical and parlor songs, and to African and Caribbean music.
		Music historian Nick Spitzer reports that Morton was the first to use "riffs" as musical building blocks.
		Music reviewer Tom Moon reveals how the song marked a resurrection of sorts for Gaye and influenced Motown to allow other artists in their stable to take creative liberties in their work.
	www.npr.org /programs/specials/vote/100list.html (6980 words)

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