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	ASA/EAA/DAGA '99 - Music Acoustics and Contemporary Musical Composition
		True enough; nevertheless, I will argue here that the acoustical knowledge of each age provided the framework within which composers imagined their music and that this relationship is of special relevance to electroacoustic music, where composers actually compose the sound itself.
		Acoustics begins with Pythagoras in the sixth century BC, and his discovery that the phenomenon of consonance is related to simple whole-number relationships is one of the great abstractions of all time and still colors the way we think about sound.
		The first of these is his proof of Ohm's law of acoustics, namely that the ear separates complex tones into series of simple vibrations (that is, that it performs Fourier analysis), and his analysis of timbre as a function of the frequency and amplitude of partial tones.
	www.acoustics.org /press/137th/bennett.html (1166 words)

	Musical acoustics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Musical acoustics or music acoustics is the branch of acoustics concerned with researching and describing the physics of music — how sounds employed as music work.
		Examples of areas of study are the function of musical instruments, the human voice (the physics of speech and singing), computer analysis of melody.
		Music Acoustics from the University of New South Wales, with sound files, animations and illustrations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Musical_acoustics (2621 words)

	Acoustics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Acoustics is a branch of physics and is the study of sound (mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids).
		Physical acoustics is the study of the detailed interaction of sound with materials and fluids and includes, for example, sonoluminescence (the emission of light by bubbles in a liquid excited by sound) and thermoacoustics (the interaction of sound and heat).
		Musical acoustics is the study of the physics of musical instruments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Acoustics (751 words)

	Acoustical Society of America - Acoustics and You
		Musical acoustics deals with the way in which we hear and perceive musical sound, the instruments that produce it, and even the structure of melody and harmony.
		The use of acoustic energy to "see" or detect objects underwater is analogous to the use of radar for detecting objects in air.
		Acoustic signals are used to detect the presence and location of commercially valuable fish, to map the sea floor to determine the safest "avenues" for supertankers, and to explore the Earth's geological formations or search for oil deposits beneath the ocean floor.
	asa.aip.org /acou_and_you.html (1717 words)

	Room Acoustics for Musical Performance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Acoustics is the study of sound and its behaviors.
		It can be applied by communication through speech and the performance of music, or in advancements of medical research, security of architectural structures, exploration of the ocean, and prediction of seismic waves and activity.
		The hardest part to developing an acoustically pleasing auditorium is the blending of the scientific, physical characteristics of sound with the psychological qualities.
	tuhsphysics.ttsd.k12.or.us /Research/ib00/Cherry (3949 words)

	173Musikakustik_en
		This is the science of the link between music and acoustics, the performance of music from an acoustical point of view and the acoustics of musical instruments, their function, playing technique and the sound radiation.
		The working group 1.73 "room acoustics" is the former Laboratory of Musical Acoustics of the PTB which since 1951 was concerned with tasks in the field of musical acoustics for 45 years.
		Therefore the new task on room acoustics includes the results of the former work in the field of musical acoustics, especially the sound radiation of musical instruments.
	www.ptb.de /en/org/1/17/173/musikakustik.htm (206 words)

	acoustcs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Most musical sounds, those that have a clear sense of pitch, have their harmonics organized above the fundamental frequency in what is known as the harmonic series, an orderly sequence of consonant intervals that gives the sound its sweetness.
		In electronic music, some basic simple waveforms are often used to create sounds: the sine wave (the simplest possible timbre because it has no harmonics), and the square, triangle and sawtooth waves (so-called because of their shape).
		Musical sounds usually have a constantly changing timbre, and this dynamic quality of sound color is difficult to imitate in electronic instruments.
	www.stolaf.edu /depts/music/elmus/acoustcs.htm (5155 words)

	Acoustics & Fluids Group - School of Physics - University of Edinburgh
		Current research in the field of musical acoustics includes the measurement of musical wind instrument bores and the vocal tracts of singers by acoustical methods, visualisation, measurement and modelling of the motion of brass players' lips and woodwind double reeds, and the study of the player's touch control on mechanical action pipe organs.
		Additional information on musical acoustics research at the University of Edinburgh can be found in the Musical Acoustics entry in the School of Physics online postgraduate handbook.
		An exciting new MSc in Acoustics and Music Technology is being offered by the group in collaboration with the music and architecture departments.
	www.ph.ed.ac.uk /fluids (300 words)

	The Open University Acoustics Research Group
		Acoustics research at the OU covers several aspects of environmental acoustics (including both outdoor sound propagation and the use of acoustics to monitor the environment), musical acoustics and acoustical measurement techniques (such as acoustic pulse reflectometry).
		Musical acoustics attempts to unravel some of these mysteries.
		Acoustics research has been carried out at the Open University for over twenty years and is involved with all of these aspects of sound.
	acoustics.open.ac.uk /acoustic.htm (367 words)

	Fundamentals of musical acoustics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Quite aside from the fine-grained irregularities associated with the statistics of room acoustics, you will barely be able to perceive the loudness peaks and dips when the recording is softly played, whereas you will become drastically aware of them when you turn up the volume to make a loud repetition of the same test.
		The fact that in orchestral music many players are given the same part has a musical function other than the quite limited one of achieving a wider dynamic range.
		Composers of electronic music often make use of such sounds, and, at a humbler level, similar sounds can be heard when someone tries unsuccessfully to play a flute or blow across the top of a bottle.
	www.zainea.com /loudness (8457 words)

	Music Acoustics, Physics, UNSW
		The art and the science of music acoustics are presented on this site, in musician-friendly format, as is some of our research work in music science.
		Music Science at UNSW: inter-faculty collaborations in research and teaching.
		PhD scholarship in music acoustics or voice acoustics now available.
	www.phys.unsw.edu.au /music (268 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Other focal points include the interaction between the player and the instrument, sound characteristics of musical instruments, influence of particular parts of the instrument on the response, evaluation of the musical quality of an instrument, development of computer systems for simulation and physical modeling, and development of computer tools for optimisation of musical instruments.
		The Musical Acoustics Research Library (MARL) is a collection of independent archives or libraries assembled by distinguished groups or individuals in the field of musical acoustics research.
		Currently, MARL is comprised of the Catgut Acoustical Society Library, the Arthur H. Benade Archive, the John Backus Archive, and the John W. Coltman Archive.
	www.ecgcorp.com /avsite/avdocs/lutherie.html (1801 words)

	HISTORICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT COLLOQUIUM, EDINBURGH, AUGUST 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Musical Acoustics of Dutch Wind Instruments from the Period of the Baroque
		Faculty of Music, University of Edinburgh, U.K. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, U.K. On Archaisms and Musical Instrument Culture of Belarus
		International Symposium on Musical Acoustics (ISMA '97) to be held in the University of Edinburgh, 19-22 August.
	www.sun.rhbnc.ac.uk /Music/Conferences/97-8-gal.html (1194 words)

	Amazon.com: Fundamentals of Musical Acoustics: Second, Revised Edition: Books: Arthur H. Benade (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dr. Benade was a brilliant and dedicated scientist in the area of musical acoustics, but he was highly opinionated and sometimes inflexible.
		Add this to your collection of musical acoustics books...and be sure to include "Horns Strings and Harmony", Benade's earlier book, as well as the book by John Pierce and of course the book by Helmholtz.
		That doesn't mean that it is perfect in every respect, but it introduces a broad range of concepts in musical acoustics without the use of advanced mathematics, in a writing style that will appeal to the musician in addition to the scientist.
	amazon.com /Fundamentals-Musical-Acoustics-Second-Revised/dp/048626484X (1749 words)

	Musical acoustics in the age of Vitruvius Musical Times - Find Articles
		The name 'Jack' in a nursery tale, for example, can be a clue to a story told with the aid of a plucked string instrument, an allusion echoed in the name of the plucking mechanism of a harpsichord.
		Acoustics and musical considerations also play a hidden role in classical architecture.
		In a larger building where a speaker has to be audible over a considerable area, audibility (locating the source) is as much a factor in design as intelligibility (being able to understand what is said).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3870/is_200504/ai_n13510125 (593 words)

	Musical Acoustics
		Answers are provided by the technical field of acoustics (the scientific study of sound), and its subfield of musical acoustics.
		For acoustic music, we are primarily concerned with mechanical waves moving in an elastic medium, especially strings, membranes, air, and other materials such as metal or wood.
		The non-linear property of drum sound is beneficial for world music fusions, seeking to create a synthesis of different musical traditions (not surprisingly such fusions are often termed “world beat”).
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /~michaelf/acoustics-notes.htm (4061 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Technology: Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration
		Acoustics Careers and Research Areas - The field of acoustics, because it is so diverse, offers many different career opportunities.
		Music and Physics - View an music which a priori is conceived only subjectively.
		Chapter 1 is an introduction to acoustics which reveals Rayleigh's strong interest in musical acoustics and the Helmholtz resonator.
	dmoz.org /Science/Technology/Acoustics,_Ultrasound_and_Vibration (580 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Fundamentals of Musical Acoustics: Books: Arthur H. Benade (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music by Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand Von Helmholtz
		The Physics of Musical Instruments by Neville H. Fletcher
		It contains no advanced math, but it still scientifically presents some complicated acoustics, using instead insights gained from years of research, teaching, and working with musicians and their instruments.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Fundamentals-Musical-Acoustics-Arthur-Benade/dp/048626484X (613 words)

	Musical Acoustics - textbooks, students, chapters, discount, handbooks, college, university (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Musical acoustics presents a unique opportunity to see science and art working together.
		This book is a balanced presentation of all aspects of musical acoustics.
		The purpose of the book is two fold: (1) To help students use simple physical concepts as tools for understanding how music works, and (2) To use students' interest in music to motivate the study and appreciation of scientific methods.
	www.ichapters.com /coms2/summary_0298-8027_ITM_now (244 words)

	Classical Net - Books About Music - Acoustics
		The purpose of this list is to provide an overview of books concerning acoustics, psychoacoustics, and the psychophysics of music.
		Music and the Mind Machine: The Psychophysiology and Psychopathology of the Sense of Music, R. Steinberg (Editor).
		A comprehensive reference covering all aspects of stereophonic sound: how it exists in nature, how it is perceived by the human hearing mechanism, the various factors that influence how it is recorded and reproduced, and an up-to-date chapter on multi-channel and surround sound systems.
	www.classical.net /music/books/acoustics.html (293 words)

	Measuring Instrument Top Compliances
		I suggest that most of the writers of such drivel are abysmally ignorant of existing literature on the subject of musical acoustics in general and guitar acoustics in particular.
		One of the most eclectic papers written about the acoustical properties of guitars is by W. and P. Bartolini in Issue #6 of the Journal of Guitar Acoustics.
		Among the many fundamental acoustical and mechanical properties measured on a variety of guitar tops was mechanical compliance.
	www.ukuleles.com /Technology/compliance.html (1928 words)

	Notes on Acoustics and Musical Instruments
		Musical acoustics are based on the principles of superposition, normal modes of oscillation, and resonance.
		Musical instruments differ in sound because of the relative intensity of different harmonics.
		Vocal Music: the difference between a male and a female singing the same note is the mixture of harmonics (i.e., overtones).
	faculty.normandale.edu /~physics/Hollabaugh/1111/acoustics.htm (752 words)

	What is Acoustics?
		Acoustics is by its very nature an inter-disciplinary field, drawing people from a widely differing backgrounds.
		The primary Acoustics Laboratory at Kettering University is an Applied Physics laboratory facility within the Science and Mathematics Department.
		All students who study acoustics at Kettering University will be exposed to topics in physical acoustics, room acoustics, building acoustics, psychoacoustics, musical acoustics, acoustical measurement tecniques, noise and vibration control, etc.
	www.kettering.edu /acad/scimath/physics/acoustics/whatis.html (223 words)

	Musical Acoustics Group: Teacher Update Reosurces
		It is aimed primarily at the scientist who wishes to do advanced studies of the acoustics of musical instruments.
		A book on the acoustics of singing written by a man who is every bit as good a singer as he is an acoustician.
		We will put advice and comments for the construction, design and operation of Musical Acoustics demonstrations online here after the first course in the light of the discussion we have on that day and will take things from there.
	www.astro.cf.ac.uk /groups/acoucomp/TeacherUpdate.html (633 words)

	Joseph Curtin Studios \| “Innovation in Violinmaking,” International Symposium on Musical Acoustics, June 26 ...
		The violin is a cultural icon as well as a working tool, and departures from its traditional form have been variously regarded as impossible (it would no longer be a violin), unnecessary (the violin is already perfect), and unacceptable (players would not play it).
		Because this is an acoustics convention, I will consider only innovation related to the sound of the violin.
		Musical pitch, on the other hand, goes up in proportion to an exponential increase in frequency.
	www.josephcurtinstudios.com /innovation/innovation_in_violinmaking.htm (3988 words)

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