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	Musicam
		The result of which, was the birth of the MusiCam system.
		MusiCam is a novel musical controller and ambient HCI device.
		Inspired by a type of Synesthesia where colour typically induces musical notes the project investigates this unusual condition, particularly the transition from colour to sound.
	www.musicam.co.uk (168 words)

	MP2 (format) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		MP2, also known as Musicam, is a short form of MPEG Audio Layer II, and it is also used as a file extension for files containing audio data of this type.
		Musicam is less efficient than MP3, because it is a much earlier standard.
		Like MP3, Musicam is a perceptual codec which means that it removes information that the human auditory system will not be able to perceive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Musicam (530 words)

	Encyclopedia at AudioXchange: MP3 - Online Store & Product Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1991 there were two proposals available: Musicam (known as Layer II) and ASPEC (Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy Coding) (with similarities to MP3).
		Musicam was choosen due to its simplicity and error resistance.
		A working group around Karlheinz Brandenburg and Jürgen Herre took ideas from Musicam, from ASPEC and own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.
	www.audioxchange.com /encyclopedia/MP3.shtml (1996 words)

	[No title]
		The file format concerns the whole MUSICAM standard and is open to the user's needs.
		Bit orientation: The first bit of the MUSICAM stream is stored in the most significant bit of the first byte, the 8th bit of the block is stored in the least significant bit of the same byte.
		In front of the MUSICAM standard, the following subset must be supported by every device : * Sample frequency 48 kHz * Layer II * All channel modes and data rates defined by ISO/MPEG except free format.
	home.arcor.de /claus.misfeldt/konvert/MUSIFILE.DOC (1246 words)

	Ad Musicam String Quartet and Ensemble
		Much as we enjoy helping to celebrate and seal the compact between two lovely people, we also love to give recitals.
		We were sorry we could not sit down, listen and enjoy the music more!" Joanne and Tony Mitchell
		Ad Musicam are listed in The Wedding Guide
	www.admusicam.co.uk (130 words)

	MUSICAM USA:Tech Tips
		MUSICAM Layer 2 encoding is an exclusive, fully compatible enhancement to the ISO/MPEG standard and yields superior audio performance at lower bit rates.
		MUSICAM is optimized to deliver full bandwidth, superior quality joint stereo at 112 and 128 kb/s, true stereo at 192 kb/s, and emission grade monaural at 56 and 64 kb/s.
		Deciding whether to use MUSICAM Layer 2 or standardized Layer 3 is not as simple.
	www.musicamusa.com /techdocs/TECHTIP.htm (1388 words)

	EWTN - Document Library - www.ewtn.com
		From the footnotes it is clear that "Musicam Sacram" has not been abrogated and indeed its principles are still in force.
		The new Roman Missal in Latin clearly shows the desire to remain faithful to the principles of "Musicam Sacram" by printing the musical notations for the ordinary of the Mass and for all of the major Prefaces.
		The purpose of the choir is to help the people pray, and while this is principally achieved through leading the congregation in singing, it may also be done through the beauty of a musical expression that favors silent meditation.
	www.ewtn.com /library/Liturgy/zlitur16.htm (1822 words)

	Amazon.com: MUSICAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Musicam in subtilitate scrutando: Contributi alla storia della teoria musicale.: An article from: Notes by Clara Marvin (Jul 28, 2005)
		Musicam in subtilitate scrutando: Contributi alla storia della teoria musicale (Studi e testi musicali) (Unknown Binding - 1995)
		qui harmoniam musicam non vulpara voluptate, sed fideli...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=MUSICAM&tag=icongroupinterna&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (831 words)

	Bambooweb: mp3
		This project was financed by the European Union as a part of the EUREKA research program where it was commonly known as EU-147.
		Musicam was chosen due to its simplicity and error resistance.
		A working group around Karlheinz Brandenburg and Jürgen Herre took ideas from Musicam and ASPEC, added some of their own ideas, and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/m/p/Mp3.html (2615 words)

	Business Wire: StarGuide Digital Networks and Musicam USA Secure Patent for Digital Audio Processing
		Musicam USA, the d/b/a of CCS, Inc., is located in Holmdel, New Jersey, and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of StarGuide Digital Networks, Inc. Musicam USA is the developer and owner of the superior MUSICAM(R) MPEG Layer II encoding technology.
		Musicam USA is also a world-leading supplier of professional hardware and software digital audio codecs.
		StarGuide is also a member of its Musicam Express, L.L.C., joint venture with Infinity Broadcasting and Westwood One, which, as StarGuide announced last week, is in the process of being acquired by agreement in exchange for equity in StarGuide.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2000_April_19/ai_61569959 (556 words)

	Overview of MPEG-2 AAC Audio Coding
		The three used the name MUSICAM before the algorithm was selected by the ISO/MPEG as Layer 2 of the MPEG-1 audio standard.
		Throughout much of the world, the protected name MUSICAM is held by the French broadcasting organization TDF and Thomson Brandt.
		However, in the United States the trademark, MUSICAM, is protected by one of the licensees of Layer 2.
	www.telos-systems.com /techtalk/mpeg (1044 words)

	Encyclopedia: Musicam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		MP3 is a popular digital audio encoding and lossy compression format invented in 1987 by the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits in Erlangen, Germany.
		However, Musicam as a psychoacoustic codec is still very well designed and very robust in its coding of audio.
		All DVD-Video players in PAL countries contain stereo MP2 decoders, making MP2 a possible competitor to Dolby Digital in these markets.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Musicam (705 words)

	Gradus Ad Musicam Nancy Lorraine dans la presse.
		En effet, Gradus ad Musicam permet à des musiciens amateurs, encadrés par des professionnels, de se perfectionner et de produire des concerts de qualité dans des répertoires sortant des sentiers battus.
		Une dizaine de tableaux, plus un final, des choristes et les musiciens du Gradus ad Musicam sur des partitions de Pierre Cholley, une récitante laissant passer l'émotion, Mathilde Queudet, quelques personnages bien joués font de l'ensemble un très joli spectacle pour cette avant première suivie par quatre cents personnes.
		Après Bar-le-Duc et Nancy, l'ensemble Gradus ad Musicam presque au grand complet (ils étaient 170 interprètes hier soir, dans le chur de la cathédrale Saint-Etienne) nous a offert un grand moment de bonheur.
	www.gradus-ad-musicam.com /presse.html (4343 words)

	w0015.htm
		Both the ASPEC and MUSICAM proposals are very close in their basic structure and in their overall performance measured by scoring.
		The ASPEC proposal is slightly superior with respect to the audio quality, especially for lower bitrates, and the MUSICAM proposal is slightly superior with respect to implementation complexity and decoding delay.
		In view of the time schedule, it has been agreed to use MUSICAM as a basis for the low-complexity first layer of a multilayer coding algorithm and algorithmic refinements including contributions of ASPEC for the subsequent layers.
	www.chiariglione.org /mpeg/meetings/santa_clara90/santa_clara_press.htm (631 words)

	BayCom - PadEnc
		Those Pakets are sent to a Musicam, RDS- or ADR encoder.
		If a Musicam Encoder is connected directly via RS232 a specially adapted device driver for the serial port is necessary.
		The PAD encoder should even on slow pentium systems (at least 133MHz) be ablte to communicate in realtime with the Musicam encoder, because a special device driver for the serial port is used.
	www.baycom.de /doc/padenc (2674 words)

	StarGuide Digital Networks, Inc - Subsidiaries
		MUSICAM® digital audio compression technology is widely recognized to be superior worldwide and is utilized under license by MUSICAM EXPRESS and leading technology companies such as General Instruments (for use in the DirecTV system), Lucent Technologies, ComStream/Raydyne, and others.
		MUSICAM® audio codecs are also utilized in the various systems provided by StarGuide Digital Networks and MUSICAM EXPRESS to the radio broadcast industry.
		MUSICAM USA is the d/b/a of Corporate Computer Systems Inc., which was acquired by StarGuide Digital Networks in 1995.
	www.starguidedigital.com /ie2/internal/sub.htm (187 words)

	Grand payments for the Grand Alliance
		News of the payment revealed vote trading that went on behind the scenes among the companies whose technologies were competing for selection as DTV standards.
		MIT and Dolby were competing with Philips Electronics' Musicam system for the selection of the audio standard for DTV.
		Dolby helped its odds by entering into a secret royalty sharing deal with MIT that kicked in if either of its systems was accepted as the standard over Philips' Musicam.
	broadcastengineering.com /news/broadcasting_grand_payments_grand (579 words)

	MUSICAM USA — information, profile, research - Consultants and Consulting Organizations Directory - Thomson Gale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The MUSICAM USA is a record in the Consultants and Consulting Organizations Directory.
		In an increasingly complex and sophisticated marketplace, businesses are spending more on consulting services than ever before.
		More than 25,000 firms and individuals listed, including MUSICAM USA, are arranged in subject sections under 14 general fields of consulting activity ranging from agriculture to marketing.
	gale.ecnext.com /coms2/dir_description_0003_9989060.html (147 words)

	Heart, Mind & Strength - Blog Admin Panel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		I was giving Musicam Sacram another look (not being a musician or a liturgist, I don’t read it as often as I do some other Church docs), and was reminded of two things in particular.
		In selecting the kind of sacred music to be used, whether it be for the choir or for the people, the capacities of those who are to sing the music must be taken into account.
		And Musicam Sacram is pretty clear that any musical forms not exclusively identified with solely secular purposes (and considering Contemp Christian music, that doesn't leave a lot out) are permitted at the liturgy.
	www.exceptionalmarriages.com /weblog/BlogDetail.asp?ID=20988 (3179 words)

	CASAPO TEXT
		PLATO musicam tripartitam fecit, vocalem, organicam et mixtam, prima illa solùm humanis vocibus, secunda instrumentis, tertia vtriusque concentu perficitur.
		Docuimus theoricam vitam magis indigere musicâ quàm actiuam, sed musicam illîc distinximus in coelestem seu doricam, qua magis vita contemplatiua: in ciuilem seu phrigiam, qua magis vita actiua eget; illa theoricè, haec politicè viuentibus solatium et medicinam subministrat.
		AEgiptij in conuiuijs, mortis imaginem inter epulandum conuiuis suis obtulerunt, Romani tibicines arcebant à quadris, Alcibiades in mensa reiecit lyram: [In theatro vite.
	www.chmtl.indiana.edu /tml/16th/CASAPO_TEXT.html (10013 words)

	ARA Proposal
		The first is a proposal for a new data type for the compression layer in the MPEG system stream encoded on the high-density discs.
		That lossy data-reduction techniques such as MUSICAM, MPEG Audio, PASC or AC-3 should not be used in any form for the high-quality sound application.
		We have allocated eight channels to audio, 384kb/s to a parallel lossy-compressed AC-3 or MUSICAM channel, and a 176kb/s channel to a parallel data or subcode channel.
	www.meridian.co.uk /ara/araconta.htm (6678 words)

	ISDN Audio Codec Guide FAQ at ISDNAUDIO.COM
		Musicam codecs will allow you to connect, with a little hope and prayer, to codecs on Switch56 lines.
		For example, Musicam codecs, although they are fully MPEG-2 compatible, need to be set in a special mode called 'decoder independant' before they will connect to other MPEG-2 codecs.
		Musicam have gone one stage further by giving their version of MPEG-2 its own name.
	www.isdnaudio.com /isdnguide.html (2471 words)

	the digital radio service
		The audio programme can be taken from the output of the studio desk in any standard analogue or digital format and Musicam coded in a digital radio Musicam coder which has the ability to generate the digital radio ISO header and insert PAD into the Musicam frames.
		The PAD is added into the Musicam frames in the Musicam encoder which typically is located at the studio facility.
		Each Musicam bit stream is then scrambled in a similar fashion to telecommunications services to disperse the energy profile and then convolutionally coded according to the required protection levels (selected by the multiplex operator and service provider) before being time interleaved.
	www.ntl.com /locales/gb/en/guides/anoraks/digservice.asp (3975 words)

	Confessions of a Recovering Choir Director: How hard is it to implement a sung Mass?
		The Vatican II document Musicam Sacram and the USCCB instructions give preference to singing the Mass, and suggest on paper that it's not incredibly difficult to implement a sung Mass at all -- especially now, given the recent resources now available to us.
		The Mass for the purpose of this illustration is the one according to the 1969 missal.
		*Musicam Sacram § 28: "...different degrees of participation are put forward here for reasons of pastoral usefulness, so that it may become easier to make the celebration of Mass more beautiful by singing, according to the capabilities of each congregation.
	www.cantemusdomino.net /blog/archives/000071.php (682 words)

	CS631 Paper Response Form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, masking is a local effect along the frequency spectrum, whereas quantization noise distributes itself evenly over the whole frequency spectrum, so a few loud noises will mask a given quantization noise in some frequencies but not others.
		Therefore, MUSICAM uses different quantizations in different frequency bands, so that those frequencies with loud noises are allowed higher quantization noise.
		FFTs are used to to compute the energy in each frequency band within 24ms intervals, and the level of nearby bands is used to compute the quantization (this explicitly takes advantage of simultaneous masking, and I think it also implicitly involves a bit of temporal masking, since energies are integrated over the 24ms interval).
	www.cs.cornell.edu /Info/People/hawblitz/cs631/musicam.html (255 words)

	DAB - Technique
		DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) is the generic term for digital broadcasting, whatever the type of broadcasting (hertzian, via cable or satellite).
		The DAB is based on two techniques : Musicam and Digicast.
		These data are sent to the local transmitter to be digital-processed (encoded, compressed) : this is the Musicam phase.
	www.vdldiffusion.com /angl/news/tech.php (309 words)

	MUSICAM USA : RoadRunner
		Fully compatible MUSICAM enhanced Layer 2 makes any Layer 2 decoder sound better, and is more immune to cascading and post production artifacts than any other algorithm
		CCS MUSICAM, ISO/MPEG Layer 2, ISO/MPEG Layer 3, G.722
		MUSICAM USA is the d/b/a of Corporate Computer Systems, Inc. ©2003
	www.musicamusa.com /products/rrunner/rrunner.htm (617 words)

	MUSICAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Musicam nozzles a plan that exits from the borders of the Spanish...
		An effective strategic marketing instrument: musical profiles customized to the brands.
		Thanks to this amazing invention Musicam customers can play the atmosphere music by an easy ADSL connection.
	www.musicam.net /?section=language&language=en (50 words)

	Digital Raido -- The Eureka 147 DAB System
		MUSICAM employs the technique of psychoacoustical coding as specified for MPEG-2 Audio Layer II encoding.
		The signal component at 1 kHz, distorts and raises the masking threshold which defines the level that other signal components must exceed in order to be audible.
		MUSICAM is a highly efficient audio coding process which can compress digital audio signals to one of a number of possible encoding options in the range 8 kbit/s to 384 kbit/s, at a sampling rate of 48 kHz or, when a service can tolerate lower audio quality, 24 kHz.
	www.bbc.co.uk /rd/pubs/papers/paper_21/paper_21.shtml (1353 words)

	Quel est Musicam ?
		Musicam est le format audio primaire utilisé par DVB et SAD.
		Musicam est également connu en tant que MPEG-1 le niveau 2 et MP2.
		Le FAQ de technologie est automatiquement traduit en ces langues au profit de nos lecteurs de l'autre côté du globe.
	www.tech-faq.com /lang/fr/musicam.shtml (303 words)

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