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Topic: Musk thistle

	Musk thistle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Musk thistle is usually a biennial, requiring 2 years to complete a reproductive cycle.
		Musk thistle grows from sea level to an elevation of about 2,500 m in neutral to acidic soils.
		Musk thistle was introduced into the eastern North America in the early 1800s and has a long history there as an invasive species.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Musk_thistle (448 words)

	Musk Thistle Control
		Introduced to the country in the 1880s, musk thistle spread, and was declared a noxious weed by Missouri state statute in 1979.
		Not a serious pest in spring planted row crops, musk thistle is a significant weed of fall-planted grain, alfalfa, and clover.
		Musk thistle is a biennial plant: after a seed germinates, the plant grows in a rosette form.
	muextension.missouri.edu /marion/musk_thistle_control.htm (677 words)

	Musk Thistle - FSA3054
		Musk thistle (Carduus nutans L.) is an aggressive weed that infests pasture and rangeland.
		Musk thistle is commonly found along roadsides, railroad rights-of-way, fence borders, unimproved areas and in pastures and hay meadows.
		Musk thistle rosette infested with rosette weevil larvae.
	www.uaex.edu /Other_Areas/publications/HTML/FSA-3054.asp (2599 words)

	Musk Thistle
		Musk thistle is a native of Eurasia that has existed in the U.S. since early this century.
		Musk thistle is a biennial that can grow to 6 feet in height.
		Musk thistle is an aggressive weed that spreads rapidly to form dense stands, often displacing desirable plants.
	www.fs.fed.us /r4/sawtooth/botany/weeds/muskthistle.htm (248 words)

	Musk Thistle Biological Control Plan
		Reproduction of musk thistle is totally by seeds, which are produced starting in June until the death of the plant from natural causes.
		Musk thistle was introduced to the United States in the early part of the century and is now widespread throughout the U.S. and Canada.
		When a plant species, such as musk thistle, has been introduced into a new land and is not held in check by local or accompanying natural biological controlling agents, it often becomes a problem and is labeled as a "weed" or a "noxious weed," depending on its impact on the rancher or farmer.
	www.ag.state.co.us /CSD/Insectary/muskthistle.html (1553 words)

	Musk Thistle
		Musk thistle is a biennial weed that reproduces only from seed.
		Musk thistle is an aggressive weed of foreign origin that occurs in pastures, rangeland, roadsides and non-crop areas.
		However, musk thistle also can become a problem in pasture or rangeland that is in good condition.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/natres/03102.html (979 words)

	Musk Thistle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Musk thistle is tolerant of saline and acidic soils.
		Musk thistle is a noxious weed in Utah.
		Musk thistle is not palatable to livestock because of its long sharp spines.
	extension.usu.edu /rangeplants/forbs/muskthistle.htm (192 words)

	Environment: Musk Thistle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Musk thistle is primarily a biennial or winter annual but may occur as a summer annual.
		The leaves of musk thistle are deeply lobed, hairless, and are dark green with a light green mid-rib.
		Musk thistle may be found throughout the State with heaviest infestations found in the north eastern one third of the State.
	www.ksda.gov /Default.aspx?tabid=445 (634 words)

	Weber County Weed Abatement-Musk Thistle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Musk Thistle reduces forage quality and yields in infested hayfields and the plant's long, sharp spines limit the use of infested areas for grazing or recreation.
		Musk Thistle is classified as a biennial, although it often germinates in late summer, winters over as a rosette, and produces flowers and seeds the following summer.
		Musk Thistle is a native of Europe and Asia and most likely has been present in the eastern U.S. for 80 years.
	www.co.weber.ut.us /weeds/types/m_thistle.asp (597 words)

	Musk Thistle
		Thistle stems are commonly 0.5-2.0 m (1.5-6 ft) tall, multi-branched and spiny.
		Musk thistle is usually a biennial but may germinate and flower in a single year.
		Although musk thistle is infrequently found in dense forests, it can impact natural areas by colonizing areas of natural disturbance such as land slides or areas of frequent flooding.
	www.tneppc.org /Manual/Musk_Thistle.htm (785 words)

	Musk Thistle Control
		Musk thistle (Carduus nutans), or sometimes referred to as nodding thistle, is a weed that is increasing in pastures throughout the western and southern counties of Indiana.
		The red-purple flower of musk thistle is about two inches in diameter, which is larger than other biennial thistles (i.e., bull and tall) and perennial thistles, such as Canada thistle.
		Since musk thistle seed can survive in the soil for a number of years, it may take two or more years of excellent control before seeds are reduced to the point that allows for legume establishment.
	www.agry.purdue.edu /ext/forages/publications/WS-19.htm (780 words)

	Musk Thistle
		Musk thistle grows 6 to 8 feet tall and is often found in dry pastures.
		Musk thistle flower head is characterized by large brown bracts that resemble a pine cone and the tendency to nod or lean because of the large size of the flower.
		Musk thistle leaves are dark green, generally with little or no pubescence and deeply lobed with small but sharp spines.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /instruct/bdeckard/rod/musk1.htm (762 words)

	PCA Alien Plant Working Group - Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans)
		Because musk thistle is unpalatable to wildlife and livestock, selective grazing leads to severe degradation of native meadows and grasslands as wildlife focus their foraging on native plants, giving musk thistle a competitive advantage.
		Musk thistle is found throughout the U.S. except for Maine, Vermont, Florida, Alaska and Hawaii.
		Musk thistle is usually a biennial, requiring 2 years to complete a reproductive cycle, but may germinate and flower in a single year in warmer climates.
	www.nps.gov /plants/alien/fact/canu1.htm (1036 words)

	Musk thistle
		The rosette blades are lanceolate to elliptic with margins that are deeply serrate to pinnately lobed.
		The flower of the musk thistle develops from the outer edge to the center and is rose-purple to white in color.
		The fruit of the musk thistle is a one-seeded achene that is yellowish-brown in color with one straight edge and the other curved.
	alfalfa.okstate.edu /weeds/winbroad/muskthistle.htm (138 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Thistles - Herb Profile and Information
		Thistle is the old English name - essentially the same in all kindred languages - for a large family of plants occurring chiefly in Europe and Asia, of which we have fourteen species in Great Britain, arranged under the botanical groups Carduus, Carlina, Onopordon and Carbenia, or Cnicus.
		The Scotch Thistle, or Cotton Thistle (Onopordon Acanthium) is one of the most beautiful of British plants, not uncommon in England, by roadsides and in waste places, particularly in chalky and sandy soils in the southern counties.
		Which is the true Scotch Thistle even the Scottish antiquarians cannot decide, but it is generally considered to be this species of Thistle that was originally the badge of the House of Stuart, and came to be regarded as the national emblem of Scotland.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/t/thistl11.html (4760 words)

	MUSK THISTLE ID
		Musk thistle is a biennial, which means its first year of growth is a rosette from a stout, corky taproot.
		Musk thistle is usually found as a single plant rather than in dense colonies like Canada thistle and leafy spurge.
		Musk thistle is found in many county locations such as rangeland, riparian areas, and ditch bank sites.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/CoopExt/Adams/weed/musk_thistle_id.htm (221 words)

	Musk thistle predators
		The primary predator of musk thistle, Rhinocyllus conicus, was first received and released by theInsectary in 1974.
		Musk thistle seed weevil has successfully colonized thistle sites around the state and can be found established at all previous release locations.
		A third species added to the complex of musk thistle predators is the Cassida rubiginosa, a leaf-feeding tortoise beetle that causes considerable damage to musk thistle plants by skeletonizing the leaves.
	www.co.larimer.co.us /publicworks/weeds/muskbio.htm (214 words)

	CWMA Musk thistle
		Rosettes of plumeless thistle are distinguished from those of musk thistle by having leaves that are deeply serrate (saw-toothed) almost to the midrib.
		Musk thistle is a highly competitive weed which invades disturbed areas, pasture, rangeland, forest land, cropland, and waste areas throughout most of the United States.
		Dense musk thistle stands along roadsides and in degraded areas can be treated by spot use of herbicides, and in high-quality areas by a persistent program of pulling or cutting (Rutledge and McLendon, 1998).
	www.cwma.org /nx_plants/mt.htm (830 words)

	ACES Publications : ANR-1034 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Musk thistles can be distinguished from other thistles in Alabama pastures by the light green midrib in the leaves and by the flat-pointed bracts in the flower head.
		Excellent, long-term control of musk thistle has been observed in areas of the United States where the rosette weevil and the thistle head weevil are both present.
		Musk thistle is the primary host for the strain of thistle head weevil that was released.
	www.aces.edu /pubs/docs/A/ANR-1034 (1706 words)

	Nebraska Invasive Musk thistle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The musk thistle and plumeless thistle were introduced to the US from Europe and Asia.
		Musk thistle and plumeless thistle are very difficult to tell apart.
		These two thistles are biennials that form a rosette in the first year and in the second year they send up a reproductive stalk from the rosette.
	nematode.unl.edu /mthistle.htm (265 words)

	Integrated Control of Musk Thistle
		Musk thistles were accidentally introduced into the United States in the mid-to- late 1800’s.
		Musk thistle is a noxious weed in both Kansas and Missouri.
		An integrated approach to musk thistle control, with the use of chemical, mechanical and biological methods is the most effective strategy for control.
	muextension.missouri.edu /extensioninfonet/article.asp?id=6003 (304 words)

	Musk Thistle
		Musk thistle is a member of the Aster family.
		Musk thistle is also known as "nodding thistle" and is commonly found in pastures, roadsides, and waste places.
		Biological controls: The musk thistle seed head weevil Rhinocyllus conicus is widespread in Colorado.
	www.aspenpitkin.com /misc/weeds/musk_thistle.htm (362 words)

	Musk thistle
		Musk thistle is an official noxious weed in many locales, because it spreads quite rapidly and forms dense stands that crowd out other vegetation.
		Musk thistle is most easily controlled when in the rosette stage, prior to bolting.
		I have observed musk thistle plants that have been dug and are lying on the ground go ahead and produce seed.
	www.lib.ksu.edu /wildflower/muskthistle.html (273 words)

	Musk Thistle Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Musk Thistle leaves (left) are not as deeply serrate and lack hairs, while Plumeless Thistle leaves (right) are deeply serrate and have hair on the undersides.
		Musk Thistle currently infests 2.4 million acres in Nebraska.
		Musk Thistle was first identified in Nebraska in 1932 at a field day in Seward County.
	www.neweed.org /noxweeds/musk.htm (402 words)

	Information about muskthistle
		Description and Variation: Musk thistle is a biennial plant although it may occasionally act as a winter annual.
		Geographical Distribution: Musk thistle is a native of Europe and Asia and has been present in the eastern United States for nearly 80 years.
		Habitat: Musk thistle is found in pastures, rangeland, native meadows, roadsides, forests, stream banks, and occasionally grain fields.
	www.nwcb.wa.gov /weed_info/Written_findings/Carduus_nutans.html (402 words)

	BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MUSK THISTLE IN TEXAS
		The musk thistle, a member of the Carduus nutans L. (Compostiae) complex, is a noxious weed in pastures, rangelands, croplands, along state highways and even in urban areas in many parts of the U.S. It was introduced from Eurasia in about 1853, and is now found in more than 30 states.
		Musk thistle can be controlled mechanically, chemically with herbicides, and biologically using natural enemies that feed on the plant.
		Resurgence of thistles can be caused by dumping soil containing seeds during tillage, overgrazing that creates bare patches of soil where thistle seeds can germinate, or temperature fluctuations during the winter which kill many overwintering weevils.
	insects.tamu.edu /extension/bulletins/l-5067.html (1124 words)

	Musk Thistle Biological Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Musk thistle is often a biennial herbaceous plant in South Dakota and is a highly competitive plant, threatening many desirable forage species.
		The first bio-control release in South Dakota was in the early 1970's when the musk thistle seed weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus, was released to control musk thistle.
		Currently another weevil, Trichosirocalus horridus, that attacks musk thistle rosettes is being investigated.
	www.state.sd.us /doa/das/musk_bio.htm (99 words)

	Musk Thistle
		In addition, the flower heads of bull thistle are constricted at the junction between the bracts and the flowers.
		Musk thistle seedlings have hairs, but they are not on projecting bases.
		Although spiny, Canada thistle is smaller, rhizomatous perennial with leaves leaves that are not as deeply lobed.
	www.uky.edu /Ag/Agronomy/Weeds/musk_thistle.htm (413 words)

	Musk Thistle
		Musk thistle is similar in growth habit and appearance to Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare), however bull thistle has many hairs on the upper surface of the leaf blades unlike musk thistle which mostly lacks hairs.
		Additionally, the flower heads and bracts of bull thistle gradually taper to a point when compared to those of musk thistle.
		Musk thistle may also be confused with Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense), but Canada thistle has rhizomes and rarely takes on a rosette growth habit unlike either bull or musk thistle.
	www.ppws.vt.edu /scott/weed_id/carnu.htm (407 words)

	Musk Thistle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Musk thistle will not tolerate tillage and can be removed easily by severing its root below ground with a shovel or hoe.
		Maintaining pastures and rangeland in good condition is a primary factor for musk thistle management.
		Please note that there are some native thistles, which are not noxious plants.
	www.co.gilpin.co.us /weeds/MuskThistle.htm (174 words)

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