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Topic: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

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	ataturk
		One of the chief tasks in the political and social reforms during the personal rule of Ataturk was laying the foundation of a modern industry as a primary factor contributing for the prosperity and the economic sovereignty of the Turkish republic.
		Ataturk was specifically insistent on that point, and that is the reason one can view the theoretical fundament of Kemalism as a set of principles, but not necessarily an ideology.
		In that sense, the principles of Kemalism are to be understood as the essential guidelines in the agenda for modernization.
	balder.prohosting.com /asen/ataturk.htm (4670 words)

	Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
		Mustafa Kemal was stationed at Tobruk and Derne regions with a group of his friends during the war which started with the Italian attack on Tripoli.
		Mustafa Kemal was stationed at Edirne and Diyarbakır after the Çanakkale wars and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general on 1 April 1916.
		Mustafa Kemal was elected as the head of the national assembly as well as the head of the government.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /info/culture/Ataturk.htm (1843 words)

	Ataturk (Mustafa Kemal) [Australian War Memorial]
		Kemal returned to Gallipoli in 1915 as commander of the 19th Division, the main reserve of the Turkish Fifth Army, and was thus on hand to oppose the ANZAC landing in April.
		After commanding in the Caucasus, Kemal was at the head of Seventh Army in Palestine during the final allied offensive which defeated Turkey in 1918.
		Colonel Mustafa Kemal (fourth from left) with officers and staff of the Anfarta group, Gallipoli Peninsula, 1915.
	www.awm.gov.au /encyclopedia/ataturk.htm (427 words)

	Turkey: In Depth : History : Mustafa Kemal Ataturk & the Republican Period \| Frommers.com
		Kemal's vision for the Republic was Westernization, modernization, solidarity, secularization, and equality for all Turks.
		Kemal's flurry of reform angered many Muslims, and in 1926 a plot to assassinate the president was uncovered (although it is unclear whether or not the plot was actually contrived by Kemal himself to rid himself of his opponents).
		Mustafa Kemal was given the name Atatürk ("father of the Turks") by the Grand National Assembly.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/turkey/0349033175.html (1456 words)

	Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal
		Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938) was the founder of the Republic of Turkey and the consummator of the Armenian Genocide.
		Kemal established headquarters in Ankara, amnestied CUP members who joined his movement, and regrouped the remaining Ottoman army and other irregular units under his general command.
		With this exodus from the mainland, Mustafa Kemal completed what Talaat and Enver had started in 1915, the eradication of the Armenian population of Anatolia and the termination of Armenian political aspirations in the Caucasus.
	www.armenian-genocide.org /kemal.html (582 words)

	Ataturk’s reforms - All About Turkey
		Surnames were adopted: Mustafa Kemal, for example, became Kemal Atatürk, and Ismet Pasha took Inönü as his surname to commemorate his victories there during the War of Independence.
		The wearing of the fez, which had been introduced a century earlier as a modernizing reform to replace the turban, was outlawed because it had become for the nationalists a symbol of the reactionary Ottoman regime.
		Its main points were enumerated in the Six Arrows of Kemalism as republicanism, nationalism, populism, reformism, statism, and secularism (see the Principles of Atatürk).
	www.allaboutturkey.com /reform.htm (3200 words)

	Historical Figures - Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
		Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 — November 10, 1938), Turkish reformist, soldier, and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey.
		Ataturk also ensured that the Turkish political process remained firmly under his personal control, with little or no dissent from his own goals and policies.
		Kemal regarded the fez (the Ottoman hat) as a symbol of feudalism and banned it, instead he encouraged Turkish men to wear modern hats.
	www.dailypast.com /historical-figures/mustafa-ataturk.shtml (1449 words)

	Mustafa Kemal Atatürk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mustafa Kemal played a critical role in the battle against the allied British, French and ANZAC forces during the Battle of Gallipoli in April 1915, where he held off allied forces at Conkbayırı and on the Anafarta hills.
		In October 1918 the Ottomans capitulated to the Allies with the Armistice of Mudros, and the Yıldırım Orduları was dissolved.
		Mustafa Kemal regarded the fez (in Turkish "fes", which Sultan Mahmud II had originally introduced to the Ottoman Empire's dress code in 1826) as a symbol of feudalism and banned it, encouraging Turkish men to wear European attire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk (4373 words)

	Ataturk
		Mustafa Kemal's career flourished as he won his heroism in the far corners of the Ottoman Empire, including Albania and Tripoli.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha was elected to its Presidency.
		On October 29, the Republic was proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal Pasha was unanimously elected President of the Republic.
	www.umass.edu /gso/tgsa/turkey/ataturk.htm (640 words)

	Ataturk Biography - Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (father of modern turkey)
		Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (March 12, 1881 - November 10, 1938), Turkish soldier and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey.
		Mustafa studied at the military secondary school in Selânik, where he was given the additional name Kemal ("perfection") by his math teacher in recognition of his academic brilliance.
		Kemal's most lasting legacy was the campaign of secularization, modernization and purification which he imposed on a sometimes reluctant Turkish nation.
	www.quotemonk.com /authors/ataturk/biography-profile.htm (1797 words)

	Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
		Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, (1881-1938) was the founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey.
		One of the most significant reforms of Ataturk was the abolition of the use of the Arabic script and the adoption of the Latin script.
		Ataturk's view on the economy of the country lies in the saying,"The real master of the country, is the villager." Following the reform on the script, which was meant to be a kind of nationalism in the cultural field, Ataturk concentrated his attention on history.
	www.sephardicstudies.org /ataturk.html (758 words)

	Mustafa Kemal Ataturk - MSN Encarta
		Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), Turkish soldier, nationalist leader, and statesman, who founded the republic of Turkey and was its first president (1923-1938).
		These included abolishing the caliphate, which embodied the religious authority of the sultans, and all other Islamic institutions; introducing Western law codes, dress, and calendar; using the Latin alphabet; and, in 1928, removing the constitutional provision naming Islam as the state religion.
		By 1931 the ideology of the regime, known as Kemalism or Atatürkism, was articulated and defined by six principles: republicanism, nationalism, populism, statism, secularism, and revolutionism.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555416/Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.html (811 words)

	Ataturk.com - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
		Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Turkish Republic and its first President, stands as a towering figure of the 20th Century.
		As President for 15 years, until his death in 1938, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk introduced a broad range of swift and sweeping reforms - in the political, social, legal, economic, and cultural spheres - virtually unparalleled in any other country.
		Ataturk.com is a non-profit organization, whose primary goals are, to educate the world about Ataturk, Turkish culture and heritage, and to bring together the people of Turkish heritage and friends of Turkey for continuing education about Turkish history, culture, and related issues.
	www.ataturk.com /index2.html (424 words)

	Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Turkey-Adiyamanli.org
		In 1905, Mustafa Kemal graduated from the Military Academy in Istanbul with the rank of Staff Captain.
		Mustafa Kemal's career flourished as he won fame and promotions because of his heroism in the farflung corners of the Ottoman Empire, including Albania and Tripoli.
		On Octoer 29, the Republic was proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal Pasha was unanimously elected President of the Republic.
	www.adiyamanli.org /in_atatu.htm (643 words)

	ingilizce Ci Mustafa Kemal Ataturk his life and achievements : A New York Times Article
		Ataturk was instrumental in the formation of the Balkan Entente, with Turkey, Greece, Romania and Yugoslavia, and thereafter in 1937 he formed the Moslem, or Middle-East bloc, with Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan.
		Kemal, convinced from the first that the empire was in no condition to enter the war, received command of the Nineteenth Division and was dispatched to the Dardanelles.
		Kemal Ataturk, the "most terrible of all the terrible Turks," as he was termed by Earl Balfour, who described him as a brigand, was always a man who insisted on having his own ideas accepted.
	www.ingilizceci.net /mustafakemalataturk.htm (4220 words)

	Ataturk - All About Turkey
		Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in Salonica (now in Greece) in 1881.
		Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was President for 15 years, until his death in 1938, on November 10th.
		His achievements are a legacy to the modern state of Turkey and he is considered a pioneer of national liberation.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /ataturk.htm (491 words)

	Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
		Kemal was the only Ottoman commander to gain fame during World War I. He defeated the British attempt (1915) to land at Gallipoli and later kept the Turkish army of Syria together as it was pushed back into Anatolia by the British, helped by the Arab Revolt.
		Kemal vigorously opposed the Turkish government's decision to surrender (1918) to the Allies and sign the Treaty of Sevres (1920), which gave up large areas of Anatolia to foreign occupation or influence.
		Mustafa Kemal, later called Kemal Atatürk ("Father of the Turks"), won fame as a military commander during World War I and led the revolution that established the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
	www.turkishnews.com /DiscoverTurkey/who/ataturk (734 words)

	Ataturk, Kemal. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He took the name in 1934 in place of his earlier name, Mustafa Kemal, when he ordered all Turks to adopt a surname; it is made up of the Turkish words Ata and Türk [father of the Turks].
		With the tacit consent of Soviet Russia, Kemal retook Kars and Ardahan from Armenia (1920).
		On Nov. 1, 1922, Kemal proclaimed the abolition of the sultanate, and Sultan Muhammad VI fled to a British warship.
	www.bartleby.com /65/at/Ataturk.html (638 words)

	Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Ataturk, Atatürk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ataturk shaped the destiny of a nation which was alone and dying.
		Under his progressive nationalist leadership his country broke free from its passive, inward-looking and parochial conservatism, ingrained through long centuries of habit, and from the defeatism and apathy engendered by the inexorable decline of its imperial power.
		The philosophy behind Ataturk's reforms is now known as Kemalism.
	www.istanbulportal.com /istanbulportal/Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.aspx (272 words)

	[No title]
		Mustafa Kemal Ataturk one of the greatest leaders of the 20th century, accomplished more than any man in Turkey's history.
		Because Ataturk was critical of the repressive Ottoman government's regime throughout his military college years, it was unusual that he would be given a commanding position in the ensuing war.
		Ataturk died at the age of 57, on November 10, 1938.
	www.iit.edu /~agunsal/turkiye/ataturk.html (713 words)

	Mustafa Kemal - Armeniapedia.org
		After Mustafa Kemal launched the liberation campaign in Anatolia, Berch Keresteciyan Efendi, as the Vice President of Hilal-i Ahmer Society, personally oversaw the shipment of crates of medicine from Istanbul to Anatolia on cargo barges.
		Mustafa Kemal and his friends were carrying on the war under great privation and difficulties, and were trying their best to stop the Greek occupation forces marching towards Ankara.
		In 1934, Ataturk made sure that Keresteciyan was elected as a member of the Turkish parliament from Afyon the same city from where the last and decisive Pitched Battle of the Commander in Chief was launched in August 1922.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Mustafa_Kemal (1010 words)

	Mustafa Kemal Ataturk: The Enemy of Islam » Bismika Alllahuma
		Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born in 1881 in a shabby quarter of Salonika.
		Mustafa Kemal’s opportunity for extending his influence finally came when, just before the ousting of Sultan Abdul Hamid in 1908 by the Young Turks, its ruling party, The Committee of Union and Progress invited him to join them.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha’s declared policy was to make Turkey within its natural frontiers a small, compact nation and, above all, a prosperous, modern state respected by all the other nations of the world.
	www.bismikaallahuma.org /archives/2005/mustafa-kemal-ataturk-the-enemy-of-islam (5094 words)

	Steve Sailer: iSteve.com Blog Archives: Was Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of modern Turkey, crypto-Jewish?
		Stories about the Jewishness of Ataturk, whose statue stands in the main square of every town and city in Turkey, already circulated in his lifetime but were denied by him and his family and never taken seriously by biographers.
		Ataturk's mother Zubeyde came from the mountains west of Salonika, close to the current Albanian frontier; of the origins of his father, Ali Riza, little is known.
		Ben-Avi describes two meetings with Mustafa Kemal, who had not yet taken the name of Ataturk, 'Father of the Turks.' Both were conducted in French, were largely devoted to Ottoman politics, and were doused with large amounts of arrack.
	isteve.blogspot.com /2006/06/was-mustafa-kemal-ataturk-founder-of.html (1795 words)

	Mustafa Kemal ATATURK - Turkish Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		His full name was Mustafa Kemal and the Ataturk surname, meaning the father of Turks, was given to him by the Turkish people (1934 November 24th.) in accordance with the reforms he introduced to create a modern Turkish country.
		He left Istanbul in a small boat, namely Bandirma (a nice model of the boat may be seen at the Ataturk Museum in Ataturk's Mausoleum, Ankara), going ashore at Samsun, a coastal town in the Black Sea, on the 19th.
		It is the expression of the national sovereignity.It is an attempt to reach the level of the modern civilizations, it is westernization, modernization.
	www.turizm.net /turkey/history/ataturk.html (907 words)

	Amazon.com: Ataturk: The Biography of the founder of Modern Turkey: Books: Andrew Mango (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ataturk abolished the monarchy, divided WWI's victors bent on partitioning all of Turkey, defeated rapacious Greeks intent on expanding their expatriate communities in Asia and destroyed or co-opted his domestic rivals.
		Kemal's admirers will question the generally favorable view of the Ottoman regime (termed "an inefficient and accommodating despotism" that was moving steadily toward modernity) and the emphasis on the early Republic's brutal and dictatorial ways.
		Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was the founder of modern Turkey, the nation which supplanted the Ottoman Empire when it collapsed at the end of World War I. Ataturk was a soldier in the army, and he fought in the Ottoman Empire's wars immediately prior to World War I, in Libya and the Balkans.
	www.amazon.com /Ataturk-Biography-founder-Modern-Turkey/dp/158567334X (2343 words)

	Kemal Ataturk: Founder of the modern Turkish Republic
		Ataturk was born as Mustafa Kemal in 1881 in Salonika, a city in the Macedonian province of the Ottoman Empire.
		However, his strong desire was to be a military officer, and he was able to prevail on her and gain entrance to a military secondary school and college, and became a captain in the Turkish army.
		Ataturk was certainly not a perfect hero; his abuse of alcohol often led to indiscretions and he also had a volatile temper.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b2ataturkkemal.htm (1290 words)

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