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	Mustafa Kemal Atatürk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–November 10, 1938), until 1934 Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Turkish army officer and revolutionary statesman, was the founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey.
		Mustafa studied at the military secondary school in Selânik, where the additional name Kemal ("perfection" or "maturity", not an uncommon name) was given to him by his mathematics teacher in recognition of his academic excellence.
		Mustafa Kemal was appointed to the command of the 2
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Pasha (3842 words)

	Mustafa Kemal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Born Mustafa Rizi to a minor Turkish customs officer in Salonika, Greece, on March 12, 1881, the future Ataturk recognized that a career in the military would be the most advantageous route of advancement for a young man of his origins in the Ottoman society.
		Because of these activities, when Kemal graduated from the staff college as a captain in 1905, he was posted to a remote post in Syria, and from there his military career continued to be fairly routine.
		In 1915, Kemal took command of the Nineteenth Division, with the rank of colonel, at Rodosto on the peninsula of Gallipoli.
	www.carpenoctem.tv /military/kemal.html (1054 words)

	ATMG - Australian Turkish Media Group - The Importance of May 19 in Turkish History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) emerged as the national liberator of the Turks when the Ottoman Empire, carved up by the Western Powers, was in her dying hours.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha's persistent opposition to the terms of armistice resulted the Sultan to relieve him of his command in South East Anatolia and recall to Istanbul.
		Mustafa Kemal, seeing in this appointment an opportunity to establish for himself a power base in Anatolia, accepted his new post with alacrity and hastened to take it up before the Sultan had had second thoughts.
	www.atmg.org /May19.html (629 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Mustafa Kemal Pasha
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha (1881-1938), also referred to as Kemal Ataturk ('Father of the Turks') served in field commands during World War One and subsequently became Turkey's first president.
		Regarded as a potential rival by Enver Pasha, the most prominent figure in the country's Young Turk administration, Kemal was packed off to Bulgaria as Turkish military attaché and remained there when European war broke out in August 1914.
		After successfully leading a guerrilla campaign against the Greek army's attempt to occupy Smyrna Kemal deposed Sultan Mehmed VI (abolishing the sultanate and in 1924 the caliphate) and became Turkey's first president in 1924, serving until 1938.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/kemal.htm (439 words)

	: : : [ Wellcome To My Homepage ] : : :
		In 1905, Mustafa Kemal graduated from the War Academy in Istanbul with the rank of Staff Captain.
		Mustafa Kemal's career flourished as he won his heroism in the far corners of the Ottoman Empire, including Albania and Tripoli.
		On October 29, the Republic was proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal Pasha was unanimously elected President of the Republic.
	www25.brinkster.com /coo7/ataturk.asp (658 words)

	May 19 Commemoration of Atatürk and Youth and Sports Day - SkyscraperCity
		A report that Mustafa Kemal Pasha prepared as soon as he arrived in Samsun on May 22, 1919 in order to resume his duties of being an inspector was composed of some evaluations and warnings concerning the fate of the whole country rather than instructions given by the Army inspector.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who stayed in Sivas until December 18, 1919 together with the members of the Representatives' Board, set out towards Ankara, which he thought was suitable to be the centre of the National Struggle for the means of its location, transportation and communication.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha opposed the gathering of the Assembly in Istanbul for the reasons that Istanbul was under the control of the Allies since November 13, 1918; an Assembly here would not take decision in favour of the Turkish Nation or even if they did so, they would not apply them.
	www.skyscrapercity.com /showthread.php?t=214468 (4374 words)

	..:: STRADIGMA.com ::.. THE MAN BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA
		While describing the life of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Mikusch mentions that there was a degree of estrangement between him and his mother and tells that this was caused by his mother's marriage with someone called Ragip of Mora.
		Mustafa Kemal is of the opinion that the homeland needs to be liberated first, then you can be a great man. The biggest difference between those who were there and Mustafa Kemal is this".
		While the cutting-off of communications with Istanbul, the resignation of Damat Ferit Pasha, Anatolia-Istanbul relations and the government of Ali Riza Pasha are explained, the author says that the Sultan sacrificed his son-in-law for the sake of his throne and he bowed to the "rebellious general".
	www.stradigma.com /english/august2003/books_002.html (2005 words)

	Kara Mustafa Pasha - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Kara Mustafa Pasha (1634-1683), Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1676-1683), and commander of its forces during the second and last...
		Pasha, title of a high-ranking officer used throughout the Ottoman Empire.
		Ismail Pasha (1830-1895), khedive of Egypt, second son of Ibrahim Pasha, born in Cairo, and educated in Paris.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Kara_Mustafa_Pasha.html (120 words)

	Ataman Hotel - Atatürk
		Mustafa Kemal was stationed at Tobruk and Derne regions with a group of his friends during the war which started with the Italian attack on Tripoli.
		Mustafa Kemal was stationed at Edirne and Diyarbakır after the Çanakkale wars and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general on 1 April 1916.
		Mustafa Kemal was elected as the head of the national assembly as well as the head of the government.
	www.atamanhotel.com /ataturk.html (1917 words)

	Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		KEMAL ATATURK, MUSTAFA, Turkish army officer and president of Turkiye (1923-38), was born in Salonika, Greece, the son of a customs officer.
		Kemal now became a powerful but very lonely man. He had nearly unlimited political power for which he was not well qualified, because his genius was military.
		In 1924 Kemal passed through a severe crisis, in which he showed a certain ruthlessness in condemning to death some of his former colleagues and members of the Committee of Union and Progress; but when the immediate crisis was past, he threw himself with renewed energy into sweeping reform of Turkish politics, law, and culture.
	gladstone.uoregon.edu /~hkesim/index2.html (1207 words)

	Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Turkey-Adiyamanli.org
		In 1905, Mustafa Kemal graduated from the Military Academy in Istanbul with the rank of Staff Captain.
		Mustafa Kemal's career flourished as he won fame and promotions because of his heroism in the farflung corners of the Ottoman Empire, including Albania and Tripoli.
		On Octoer 29, the Republic was proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal Pasha was unanimously elected President of the Republic.
	www.adiyamanli.org /in_atatu.htm (643 words)

	OZTURKLER
		Mustafa Kemal and his friends had landed in from Bandirma ship that arrived in Samsun on the date of 19th May 1919.
		An ancient Greek house was allocated for the superintendent pasha.
		In respect of his call-back, Mustafa Kemal sent a reply letter to the War Ministry to gain time and he passed to Amasya on the date of 12th June.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0006/0006_02_05.htm (849 words)

	Gaza Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
		Turkey, under Kemalism, simply stated, is the rendering of the rights to the nation and an attempt to reach the level of the modern civilizations.
		Kemalism, in other words, is the westernization and modernization it requires for the national soul of Turkey to experience a modern social life, to establish a secular state, and to govern with a positive science mentality.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha's declared policy was to make Turkey within its natural frontiers a small, compact nation and, above all, a prosperous, modern state respected by all the other nations of the world.
	logos_endless_summer.tripod.com /id111.html (4957 words)

	Ataturk
		After his victory at the Battle of the Sakarya, Mustafa Kemal was given the rank of Marshal by the National Assembly and in addition was awarded the title of Gazi.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha wanted to sign a peace which would confirm the independence and freedom from conditions of the new Turkish state, while the Allies, preparing to meet in Lausanne, aimed for an agreement which would take the Treaty of Sevres as its model, even though the National Assembly did not recognize this treaty.
		The heroism of Kemal Pasha was not confined to the battlefield.
	www.ualr.edu /mxsarimollao/turkiye/ataturk.htm (9221 words)

	The Armenian File
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha (the name Atatürk had not yet been adopted) landed in Samsun on 19 May 1919, and thus began the period which we call the National Struggle.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha, in the second article of a telegram dated 3 November 1918 which he sent to the Commander-in-Chief, stated that `While we recognize as the border of Syria, the north of the border of the province of Syria, it is necessary that we are informed if there is another point of view.
		Today, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Ali Fuat Pasha, Selahhatin Bey and I read, in the office of the 3rd Army Corps Command, the drafts of instructions concerning the national operation in the regions of Adana, Marash and Antep.
	wyith.ch /home/uzweb.net/armeni6.htm (18405 words)

	OZTURKLER
		Upon the resignation of the Government of Damat Ferit Pasha, Ali Rıza Pasha was assigned with the establishment of the new government.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha wired immediately a telegram to Ali Riza Pasha and declared that the National Forces would provide help and support in case that the new government showed respect to the national organisation and purposes stipulated in Erzurum and Sivas Congresses.
		The War Minister, Cemal Pasha had forwarded a telegram that stated that the new government was of the same opinion with Mustafa Kemal Pasha and it accepted the domination of the national determination.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0006/0006_02_11.htm (841 words)

	ingilizce dergi yeni dizi #002
		Mustafa Kemal immediately ordered for the Turkish 2nd Army and 5th Cavalry Corps to block the Greek escape routes to the West of Dumlupınar and he himself departed for the 1st Army Hqs.
		The Greek commanders who were brought to Mustafa Kemal were treated with the respect and dignity appropriate for officers of their rank, even though they were the adversaries.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha was sitting in between Fevzi and İsmet Pashas when the prisoners were ushered into the large living room of a Turkish house.
	www.ingilizce-ders.com /ingilizce-ders/yeni-dizi/002.htm (1628 words)

	Ataturk's Life
		In 1905, Mustafa Kemal graduated from the War Academy in Istanbul with the rank ofStaff Captain.
		Mustafa Kemal'scareer flourished as he won his heroism in the far corners of the Ottoman Empire,including Albania and Tripoli.
		On October 29, the Republic was proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal Pasha wasunanimously elected President of the Republic.
	www.turkishnews.com /Ataturk/life.htm (606 words)

	Life of a wayward - Kemal Ataturk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born in 1881 in a shabby quarter of Salonika.
		Mustafa Kemal's opportunity for extending his influence finally came when, just before the ousting of Sultan Abdul Hamid in 1908 by the Young Turks, its ruling party, The Committee of Union and Progress invited him to join them.
		Word for word, this is an accurate description of the personality and character of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk; the only difference is that instead of being recognized for what he was, as absolute Dictator, nothing could inhibit him from committing his crimes on a national scale.
	www.guidedones.com /issues/women/ataturk10.htm (3547 words)

	Biography for Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mustafa was born in 1881 in Salonica, then an Ottoman Turkish city, in modern day Greece.
		Mustafa Kemal's career flourished as he won his heroism in the far corners of the Ottoman Empire during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-12 as well as the Balakan Wars of 1913 in which he saw action in Albania and Tripoli, Libya.
		In 1915, when the Dardanelles/Galipoli campaign was launched, Mustafa Kemal, recently premoted to Colonel, became a national hero by winning successive victories against the landing British French and ANZAC armies, pinning them down at their beacheads, which finally forced the invaders to evacuate Galipoli in January 1916.
	poll.imdb.com /name/nm1130855/bio (1134 words)

	Ataturk
		One the flesh-and-blood Mustafa Kemal who now stands before you and who will pass away.
		The other is you, all of you here who will go to the far corners of our land to spread the ideals which must be defended with your lives if necessary.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha was elected to its Presidency.
	www.umass.edu /gso/tgsa/turkey/ataturk.htm (640 words)

	Ataturk.com - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
		Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Turkish Republic and its first President, stands as a towering figure of the 20th Century.
		Among the great leaders of history, few have achieved so much in so short period, transformed the life of a nation as decisively, and given such profound inspiration to the world at large.
		As President for 15 years, until his death in 1938, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk introduced a broad range of swift and sweeping reforms - in the political, social, legal, economic, and cultural spheres - virtually unparalleled in any other country.
	www.ataturk.com /index2.html (435 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Turks had been ordered by their stern dictator, Mustafa Kemal Pasha who made them drop the veil and the fez (TIME, Feb. 15, 1926 et seq.), that beginning with Ramadan they must no longer call their god by his Arabic name, Allah.
		Strict to the point of cruelty last week was Dictator Kemal's decree that muezzins, calling the faithful to prayer from the top of Turkey's minarets, must shout not the hallowed "Allah Akbar!" (Arabic for "God is Great!") but the unfamiliar words "Tanri Uludur!" which mean the same thing in Turkish.
		Quick to defend his new word for God, quicker to show new Turkey the fate of the old-fashioned, Kemal the Ghazi, "the Victorious One," pounced on Brusa, had 60 of the faithful arrested, ousted the Mufti (ecclesiastical judge) of the Ouglubjami mosque and decreed that henceforth God was Tanri.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~luqman/leaflet/kamal.html (1337 words)

	ingilizce Ci Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Life and achievements
		Kemal Ataturk, President and creator of modern Turkey, died today at Dolma Bahçe Palace at the age of 58.
		He was called simply Mustafa when he was born in Salonika in 1880, the son of a Turkish custom's officer.
		Most of his historic record was made as Mustafa Kemal Pasha.
	www.ingilizceci.net /ata/mustafakemalataturk.htm (1691 words)

	Western Front Association Contributed Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thus came on the scene of history Mustafa Kemal Pasha (hereafter MK), the most famous of Turkey’s soldiers.
		It was he who was destined to do the most to wreck the ambitions of the British Government to clear the Dardanelles Straits so the Royal Navy would have unimpeded access to the Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus, the Black Sea and Britain’s ally in the Great War, Russia.
		But Enver Pasha and the junta in Istanbul wanted even more pressure applied to the beleaguered and suffering ANZAC locked in their disease wracked and squalid trenches and dug outs.
	www.westernfront.co.uk /thegreatwar/articles/individuals/kemal.htm (2345 words)

	OCTSA Dokumanlar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha emerged as the national liberator of the Turks when the Ottoman Empire, carved up by the Western Powers, was in its death throes.
		Mustafa Kemal Pasha, the liberator of his country, proclaimed the Republic of Turkey.
		The New Turkey's ideology was, and remains, "Kemalism", later known as "Atatürkism".
	www.octsa.ca /ataturk.html (1625 words)

	The Story of Enver Pasha and his Times
		One, that the Turkish Government should defend the image of Mustafa Kemal Pasha (later Ataturk, founder of the Turkish Republic), who was intimately involved in the affairs and therefore the reputation of the Turkish Armies from December 1914 onward, after Enver's debacle at Sarikamish.
		Kemal did not receive his just recognition until he succeeded in preserving the core of the Turkish army, defying the Sultan and the Entente, and bringing destruction to the Armenians and Greeks in Anatolia.
		After removing the Pasha's dead body so that it would not be desecrated by the Russians, Talip Pasha built a secret grave for him not only on Cegan Hill, but also on the spot where the Pasha's blood had collected in a ditch.
	www.geocities.com /enver1908/index.html (13912 words)

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