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Topic: Mutara II of Rwanda

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	Rwanda. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Rwanda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, and its population has a high annual growth rate that is usually around 3%.
		Rwanda’s industries are limited to small factories that manufacture textiles, chemicals, cement, and basic consumer goods such as processed food, beverages (especially beer), clothing, and footwear.
		Rwanda reached the height of its power under Mutara II (reigned early 19th cent.) and Kigeri IV (reigned 1853–95).
	www.bartleby.com /65/rw/Rwanda.html (1717 words)

	Rwanda - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Rwanda's countryside is covered by grasslands and small farms extending over rolling hills, with areas of rugged mountains that extend southeast from a chain of volcanoes in the northwest.
		Rwanda is considered the lightning capital of the world, due to intense daily thunderstorms during the two rainy seasons (February-May and September-December).
		Rwanda is a rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/r/w/a/Rwanda.html (1488 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Rwanda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Rwanda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, and its population has a high annual growth rate that is usually around 3%.
		Rwanda's industries are limited to small factories that manufacture textiles, chemicals, cement, and basic consumer goods such as processed food, beverages (especially beer), clothing, and footwear.
		Rwanda reached the height of its power under Mutara II (reigned early 19th cent.) and Kigeri IV (reigned 1853-95).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/rwanda_history.asp (1871 words)

	Human Rights First \| Publications - Prosecuting Genocide in Rwanda
		Rwanda was simply too far away and did not rate highly in the "national interest" calculation of any of the states capable of intervening.
		For example, the mass killings of Tutsi-Hima in Mutara in October 1990, of the Bagogwe Tutsi sub-group in January-February 1991 and the killings in the Bugesera region on March 4-5,1992, are outside the tribunal's jurisdiction, as are the early broadcasts on Radio- Television Libre des Milles Collines inciting hatred of the Tutsis.
		The Government of Rwanda faced a dire situation in the fall of 1994: everything was needed at once, the justice system was in tatters, the number of prisoners was growing, the genocide survivors were crying for justice, and the former government had destroyed what it could not carry away.
	www.humanrightsfirst.org /pubs/descriptions/rwanda.htm (15182 words)

	Rwanda
		Rwanda's countryside is covered by grasslands and small farms extending over rolling hills, with areas of rugged mountains that extend southeast from a chain of volcanoes in the northwest.
		Rwanda is a rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture.
		Rwanda's population density, even after the 1994 genocide, is among the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa.
	creekin.net /n154-rwanda.html (1052 words)

	RWANDA, Landmine Monitor Report 2001
		Rwanda was absent from the vote on the November 2000 UN General Assembly resolution in support of the Mine Ban Treaty.
		Rwanda is not a party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons and did not attend the Second Annual Conference of States Parties to Amended Protocol II held in Geneva in December 2000.
		Rwanda’s mine problem is the result of the civil war ending in 1998.
	www.icbl.org /lm/2001/rwanda (2201 words)

	Rwanda Development Gateway - Portail de l'Education
		The modern school (of the western type) was introduced in Rwanda by the colonizers.
		The objective was to evangelise and train a few office messengers and auxiliary administrative staff to serve the colonizers and to facilitate contact and communication with the local communities.
		In 1910, Rwanda boasted of the pioneer of seminarians from Rubia Seminary, who returned to the country to settle (short stay) at Kansi in 1912.
	www.rwandagateway.org /education/article.php3?id_article=86 (511 words)

	Mutara Foundation, Rwanda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		The death of King Mutara in 1959 coincided to a remarkable degree with that of Prince Rwagasore,the new Prime Minister of Burundi;Patrice Lumumba of Zaire,and Dag Hammarskjold,the UN General Secretary whose plane was blown up in southern Congo.Belgians have failed to explain satisfactorily to this day,the suspicious circumstances surrounding these leaders'murders.
		There are several well qualified authorities on Rwanda who are associated with Europe's most prestigious institutions, yet none of their studies has ever attempted to establish or to rule out conclusively using scientific methods, the connection between a "Mututsi" and his alleged "land of origin," the Horn of Africa.
		The plot to conceal and to disguise these killings in Rwanda that they had masterminded was brilliant,flawless and typical of Belgian masters of deceit who were never caught with their pants down in the entire 45 years that they had ruled Rwanda.
	mutarafdn.tripod.com /rwanda4.htm (9031 words)

	Travel in Kigali Rwanda History
		During this colonial era, a cash crop economy was introduced in Rwanda, and this was enforced through harsh methods that alienated even more the King and his chiefs from the rest of the population.
		In 1965 Rwanda was declared a one-party state under MDR/PARMEHUTU, which was the architect of the racist ideology that was to be consolidated in the Second Republic under President Major General Juvenal Habyarimana.
		UNAR (Union Nationale Rwandaise) political party is formed by the proponents of immediate independence under the Rwandan monarchy.
	www.africatravelling.net /rwanda/kigali/kigali_history.htm (2805 words)

	Rwanda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Rwanda IPA: [ɾ(g)wɑndɑ], officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a small landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of east-central Africa, with a population of approximately 8 million.
		Rwanda is also linked by road with other countries in East Africa, via which the majority of the country's imports and exports are made.
		Rwanda: The Land God Forgot (2002) by Meg Guillebaud detailing the history of the Christian church in Rwanda, analyzing some of the causes behind the genocide and the path to future.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Rwanda (2771 words)

	RWANDA, Landmine Monitor Report 1999
		The presidents of Rwanda and Burundi were set to sign a peace settlement when their aircraft was shot down on 6 April 1994, allegedly by Hutu hard liners.
		Rwanda's National Demining Office estimated in December 1997 the figure to be 100,000.
		Rwanda's health infrastructure is being steadily rebuilt but regaining former levels of health cover is proving difficult.
	www.icbl.org /lm/1999/rwanda.html (1932 words)

	VQR » Genocide In Rwanda
		Rwanda became a UN trust territory in 1946 and was administered as a Belgian colony, but when the last Tutsi king, Mutara Rudahigwa, died in 1959, his death was followed by massacres perpetrated by Hutu peasants against their Tutsi overlords, leading to the exodus of hundreds of thousands of Tutsis.
		This was true in Rwanda as it was in Nazi Germany, and we are witnessing this breakdown in Dafur.
		In rural Rwanda, the intent of the genocide was to purify the earth, to cleanse it of its cockroaches and snakes, the Tutsis.
	www.vqronline.org /articles/2006/winter/fischel-genocide-rwanda (4265 words)

	The International response to Conflict and Genocide; Lessons from the Rwanda experience. Study 1. Historical ...
		A popular uprising in northern Rwanda is crushed by the German Schutztruppe and Tutsi chiefs, leaving continuing bitterness among northern Hutu.
		Rwanda's government and RPF sign an accord in Arusha to end the civil war, allowing for power-sharing and the return of refugees.
		President Habyarimana of Rwanda, President Ntaryamira of Burundi and a number of government officials are killed in a plane crash in Kigali.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /Rwanda/Rwanda4g.htm (4685 words)

	Kagame, Alexis, Rwanda, Catholic
		Back in Rwanda, he lectured in Rwandan Literature at the Junior Seminary (1955-57) and became a lecturer in philosophy and general history at the Astrida Groupe Scolaire.
		When the National University of Rwanda was founded at Butare (formerly Astrida) in 1963, he became the professor of Rwandan Literature and History and Professor of Rwandan Language at the associated teachers training college (National Institute of Pedagogy).
		Besides retaining his University of Rwanda chair, he also became Professor of African Cultures at the Inter-diocesan Major Seminary at Nyakibanda in 1971, and he was visiting professor of the History of East Africa at the University of Zaïre (Lubumbashi Campus) in December 1972.
	www.dacb.org /stories/rwanda/kagame_1alexis.html (1570 words)

	The EastAfrican on the Web
		Rwanda, like the rest of the world, is mourning the death of Pope John Paul II.
		Prior to independence, the King of Rwanda, Mutara Rudahigwa II, "surrendered" his kingdom to the Catholic church when he declared that Rwanda was to be a Catholic state.
		When the Pope visited Rwanda in September 1990, it was partly to cement an already steady relationship that existed between Rwanda and the Vatican and also to strengthen the role of the Church in the country.
	www.nationmedia.com /EastAfrican/11042005/Opinion/Opinion1104200511.html (374 words)

	Rwanda - travel.asianfanatics.net
		Rwanda is a small landlocked country in the (Click link for more info and facts about Great Lakes region) Great Lakes region of central (The second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean) Africa.
		The capital, (The national capital and largest city of Rwanda; located in central Rwanda) Kigali, is located in the centre of the country.
		The (A member of a Bantu people living in Rwanda and Burundi) Hutus, who represent the main part of the population, mostly cultivators erainsing goats or sheep and few are ceramists like (Click link for more info and facts about Twa) Twa.
	travel.asianfanatics.net /info/Rwanda (1275 words)

	Kigali Public Library
		The Twa were the original inhabitants of Rwanda and were followed (c.AD 1000), and then outnumbered, by the Hutus.
		Rwanda reached the height of its power under Mutara II (reigned early 19th cent.) and Kigeri IV (reigned 1853-95).
		Kagame, who was the former commander of the RPF forces and was regarded as the real power in Bizimungu's government, became the first Tutsi to be president of Rwanda.
	www.kigalilibrary.org /history.html (1051 words)

	BT Research - Rwanda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Rwanda IPA: [ɾ(g)wɑndɑ], officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a small landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of east-central Africa, with a population of approximately 9 million.
		In 1959, King Mutara III Charles was assassinated and his younger brother became the Abega clan monarch, King Kigeli V.
		Rwanda topped a recently conducted global survey on the percentage of women in Parliament with as much as 49 percent female representation, currently the highest in the world.
	www.breathittteens.com /research.php?title=Rwanda (3145 words)

	The EastAfrican on the Web
		Rwanda, like the rest of the world, is mourning the death of Pope John Paul II.
		Prior to independence, the King of Rwanda, Mutara Rudahigwa II, "surrendered" his kingdom to the Catholic church when he declared that Rwanda was to be a Catholic state.
		When the Pope visited Rwanda in September 1990, it was partly to cement an already steady relationship that existed between Rwanda and the Vatican and also to strengthen the role of the Church in the country.
	nationmedia.com /eastafrican/11042005/Opinion/Opinion1104200511.html (374 words)

	Prosecuting Genocide in Rwanda
		The government of Rwanda must dignify the gravity of the charges and the incomprehensible suffering of the genocide survivors by assuring that its trials meet national and international standards of due process.
		Rwanda has not had an official execution since 1982, and none of the 35 death sentences handed down for genocide by national courts up to April 1997 had yet been carried out when this report went to press.
		While the gravity of the crimes committed in Rwanda during 1990-94 can never be understated, we urge the government to suspend applying the death penalty pending a national discussion and debate on its use in post-genocide Rwanda and on efforts promoting justice and reconciliation.
	www.unwatch.com /rwanda.html (17981 words)

	An MBendi Profile: An MBendi Country Profile for Rwanda including economic and travel overviews and directories of ...
		Rwanda is a landlocked republic which lies in central Africa to the east of Zaire and forms part of the Central African Region.
		Rwanda began to reform its economy in 1995.
		Rwanda is a member of the Free Trade Zone of the Common Market for the East and Southern Africa (COMESA).
	www.mbendi.co.za /land/af/rw/p0005.htm (928 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Rwanda, until 1890
		Rwanda, together with it's neighbour Burundi, thanks to fertile volcanic soil, grows 4 harvests per year and therefore has, together with Java (Indonesia) the highest agrarian population density in the world.
		The Kingdom of NYIGINYA expanded to form the Tutsi Kingdom of Rwanda in the late 18th century; the king ruled under the title of MWAMI.
		At the Africa Conference in Berlin in 1884/85, Rwanda was allocated to the German sphere of interest.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eastafrica/rwandapre1890.html (216 words)

	Génocide au Rwanda
		La discipline au sein de l'armée rwandaise, relâchée dans le passé, s'est déteriorée davantage au cours du dernier mois, ce qui a résulté en multiples abus à l'encontre des civils.
		Des rapports dignes de foi décrivent l'héroisme de quelques autorités rwandaises, tant civiles que militaires, qui ont cherché à prévenir ou a arrêter le massacre dans leur région.
		Au Rwanda central, il y a à peu près 50.000 personnes déplacées, largement des Tutsi, à Kabgayi, et majoritairement des Hutu près de Gitarama.
	www.hrw.org /french/reports/rw94/rwandamai94.htm (6562 words)

	FAO/WFP Special Report on Rwanda - July 1996
		Accordingly, Rwanda’s population in June 1996 is estimated at 6.2 million.
		Rwanda’s food stocks situation is essentially determined by food aid stocks and assumptions concerning the amount stored by farm households.
		In this situation, and given the uncertainties of population movements in the near future, the maintenance by donors of food aid reserves at national or regional level is particularly important.
	www.fao.org /docrep/004/w2151e/w2151e00.htm (4900 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		Rwanda - Mutara II Rwogera, King of Rwanda (1802-1853)
		Portugal - Maria II, Queen of Portugal (1826-1828, 1834-1853)
		Brazil - Maria II of Portugal, Queen of Brazil (1834-1853)
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Heads_of_State_in_1840 (479 words)

	Official Website of the Government of Rwanda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		During this colonial era, a cash crop economy was introduced in Rwanda, and this was administered through harsh methods that further alienated the King and his chiefs from the rest of the population.
		In 1965 Rwanda was declared a one-party state under MDR/PARMEHUTU, which was the architect of the racist ideology that was to be consolidated in the Second Republic under President Major General Juvenal Habyarimana.
		(Rwanda's involvement in the DRC leads to President Mobutu's removal and the installation of Laurent Kabila as President of the DRC.) The Government of Rwanda repatriates over 2 million Rwandese refugees from the DRC and Tanzania.
	www.gov.rw /government/historyf.html (3437 words)

	RWANDA CRISIS: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE STORY
		Indeed, the present UN policy in Rwanda as well as some bilateral cooperation with the RPF repressive regime in Kigali, betrays a serious lack of understanding of the root causes of the rwandan tragedy, and is at variance with the very values cherished by any justice minded person.
		Unconcerned about the consequences of a tutsi led invasion of Rwanda with regard to ethnic relations, the RPF attacked the country on the allegation that the hutu led government had denied the tutsi their inalienable right to return home and that the regime was dictatorial.
		During an interview broadcast on Radio Rwanda on April 1995, the then rwandese Minister in charge of Rehabilitation and the Repatriation of refugees, Mr Jacques BIHOZAGARA declared that the plan for dismantling the camp was agreed upon between his government and UNAMIR as well as NGOs.
	www.rdrwanda.org /english/documents/RDR/RWACRISIS071996.html (10367 words)

	The New York Times: Reference Search for 'Rwanda' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		In late 2006, a French judge investigating the crash that killed Habyarimana and provoked the genocide concluded that Kagame and a number of his aides should be tried for their roles in shooting down the plane; the judge was investigating the crash because of the deaths of the plane's French crew.
		Despite substantial international assistance and political reforms - including Rwanda's first local elections in March 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in August and September 2003, respectively - the country continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output, and ethnic reconciliation is complicated by the real and perceived Tutsi political dominance.
		Rwanda is a poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/search?srchst=ref&query=Rwanda (3269 words)

	Kigeli IV of Rwanda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kigeri IV King of Rwanda ruled the country from 1853 to 1895.
		The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience, see Historical Perspective
		This page was last modified 04:40, 19 June 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kigeli_IV_of_Rwanda (225 words)

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