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Topic: Mutarotation

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	Mutarotation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mutarotation is the term given to the change in the specific rotation of plane polarized light, when it is passed through an aldohexose (Monosaccharides with six carbon atoms and H-C=O Group).
		Mutarotation refers to the conversion of a pure anomer of a hemiacetal carbohydrate to an equilibrium mixture of two anomers.
		Mutarotation also refers to the interconversion between the α and β anomers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mutarotation (160 words)

	Terry Acree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		With the preparation of anhydrous, crystalline beta-D-glucopyranose (1895,1896), which exhibited a mutarotation opposite to that of the usual anhydrous, crystalline form (alpha-), Lowry (1899) concluded that mutarotion was a "reversible isomeric change" between alpha- and beta-D-glucose.
		The most significant works were: that of Lowry and Smith (1928) on the complex mutarotation of D-galactose, that of Lowry and Faulkner (1925) demonstrating the general acid-base catalysis of mutarotation, and the studies of Swain and Brown (1952) on the bifunctional nature of the catalysis of tetramethyl-D-glucose mutarotation.
		This thesis describes the isolation and identification of derivatives of tautomers formed during mutarotation and at equilibrium.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /fst/faculty/acree/lit/acree011.html (249 words)

	Mutarotation of Glucose
		The interconversion between the anomers through the acyclic form is called mutarotation.
		As mutarotation begins for a-D-glucose, the specific rotation drops from +112° to +53°.
		The experiment requires that the rate constant (k) for mutarotation be determined.
	www.ipfw.edu /chem/266/266n0209.htm (830 words)

	Crystallization of Whey Concentrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The rate of mutarotation is directly influenced by the temperature of the solution, and as it appears from Fig.
		This is due to the slow mutarotation resulting in only a small amount of β-lactose being transformed into α-lactose.
		This may allow the mutarotation to proceed at a reasonable speed resulting in a rich crystallization of about 80% of the lactose.
	www.niro.com /ndk_website/niro/cmsdoc.nsf/WebDoc/ndkw5y8gjv (1357 words)

	Amazon.com: "mutarotation rate": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mutarotation rate of 2,3,4,6-tetramethyl- n-glucose (0.09 mol/1) in benzene Catalyst k (min ') kfz, 7.8 x 10 ' 1.0 Pyridine (0.1 mold)...
		As the mutarotation rate of a-D-glucose to -D-glucose which then is converted by glucose oxidase influences the sensor signal, the addition of mutarotase raises...
		The mutarotation rate of glucose solution was monitored with a GOD electrode that responds only to -glucose.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/mutarotation-rate (575 words)

	Enzymatic determination of glucose - Patent 3964974
		In other words, at a high glucose dehydrogenase activity, the.beta.-glucose present in the reaction mixture is rapidly consumed by the reaction, which is manifested by the steep ascent of the extinction at the beginning of the reaction.
		The acceleration of the mutarotation by the enzyme mutarotase for the glucose determination with glucose oxidase is known.
		Further substances which have an accelerating on the mutarotation of.alpha.-glucose are, for example, histidine, imidazole, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or.alpha.-hydroxypyridine.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /3964974.html (5313 words)

	Presses scientifiques du CNRC : Revue canadienne de chimie
		Abstract: The mutarotation of glucose is a general acid – base-catalyzed reaction which involves two proton transfers.
		This study was undertaken in an attempt to clarify the mechanism by determining directly the number of water molecules participating in the transition state.
		The method chosen was to determine rates for the acid-catalyzed mutarotation of glucose as a function of solvent composition in dimethylsulfoxide and water mixtures, particularly in the water poor region.
	pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /cgi-bin/rp/rp2_abst_f?cjc_v73-085_51_ns_nf_cjc4-73 (472 words)

	Calzyme - Manufacturers of Enzymes , Proteins , Coenzymes , Substrates and Related Biochemicals
		Mutarotase, which catalyzes the mutarotation of certain sugars was discovered by accident in 1949 (Bentley, R., and Neuberger, A., Biochem.
		That amount of enzyme which will increase the spontaneous mutarotation of one micromole of a-D-Glucose to §-D-Glucose per minute at pH 7.4 and 25°C. One rotation unit is equal to 0.04 U when measured with Glucose dehydrogenase.
		The rate at which the spontaneous mutarotation of a-D-Glucose is increased at 25°C at pH 7.4 in the presence of mutarotase as measured by a precision polarimeter.
	www.calzyme.com /commerce/catalog/spcategory.jsp?category_id=1079 (484 words)

	[No title]
		A change in the optical rotation of freshly prepared solutions of sugars is called mutarotation.
		The forms of glucose involved in mutarotation are the open chain form and two cyclic forms, which are in equilibrium.
		The mutarotation of glucose is acid-catalyzed and proceeds rapidly at a pH of 7.
	users.ipfw.edu /tahmassd/CHM266/mutarotation-procedure-2006.doc (752 words)

	The Effect of Spray-Drying Feed Temperature and Subsequent Crystallization Conditions on the Physical Form of Lactose
		This indicates that the mutarotation occurred during the crystallization, not during the lag phase prior to crystallization.
		Here, the mutarotation was substantial for the 20-mg sample; despite the rapid process, the water content must have been sufficiently great to allow mutarotation.
		During crystallization at 75% RH, mutarotation was greatly affected by sample mass, being much greater for the 100-mg than for the 20-mg sample, presumably because of a combination of the slower process and the higher water quantity present.
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt0304_tn1 (1811 words)

	Terry Acree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Smith and Lowry examined the complex kinetics observed for the mutarotation of D-galactose, and postulated a mechanism involving two consecutive and reversible first-order reactions in which "gamma-D-galctose" was an intermediate in the alpha-D--beta-D-pyranose transformation.
		A prerequisite to the formulation of a complete mechanism for the mutarotation of D-galctose is the identification of all tautomers present at equilibrium in solution.
		This report describes the ring tautomers that prevail at mutarotational equilibrium in pyridine.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /fst/faculty/acree/lit/acree006.html (125 words)

	Response A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Response C: the process of mutarotation generates an equilibrium mixture that consists of a 50-50 mixture of the
		Mutarotation is the term applied to the process by which either anomer when dissolved in aqueous solution establishes an equilbrium with the other anomer involving an intermediate of the open chain or aldehydo form.
		The reaction involves the opening of a hemiacetal to form an aldehyde and an alcohol.
	www.cbs.umn.edu /bmbb/brl/carb/CarbQsJSA/CarbQs8/CarbQ8RspA.html (288 words)

	Crystalline form of L-gulose - Patent 5217537
		C., a specific optical rotation of +40.degree., characteristic mutarotation, a characteristic X-ray powder diffraction pattern, and a characteristic infrared spectrum.
		Such applications include commercial dry, prepared mixes for making beverages, cakes, puddings, breads and the like and other food applications such as jams, jellies, icings, frostings and confections where the introduction of water into the formulation is undesirable.
		Most crystalline monosaccharides mutarotate, i.e., their optical rotation changes with time as the single anomeric form present in the crystal equilibrates with other forms in solution.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5217537.html (2689 words)

	Mutarotation eines Zuckers
		Die Mutarotation eines Zuckers ist polarimetrisch bei 20°C zu verfolgen.
		Die Drehwinkel sind in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit aufzutragen; zu messen ist außerdem der Endwert der Drehung.
		Kinetik der Mutarotation (Chemie in unserer Zeit 4, 121 (1974))
	www.pci.uni-heidelberg.de /pci/praktikum/versuche/k2/k2b.htm (357 words)

	Lactose.com ::: The knowledge database about lactose
		The molecular structures of α- and β-lactose differ in the orientation of a hydrogen and a hydroxyl group on carbon atom no. 1 in the glucose moiety.
		The velocity of mutarotation is determined by factors such as temperature, concentration, and pH (acidity) of the solution.
		Lactose solutions seek a state of equilibrium between the α and the β form.
	www.lactose.com /basic/basic.html (190 words)

	Mutarotation of Hydrolysis Products by Different Types of Exo-Cellulases from Trichoderma viride -- NISIZAWA et al. 83 ...
		Mutarotation of Hydrolysis Products by Different Types of Exo-Cellulases from Trichoderma viride -- NISIZAWA et al.
		Mutarotation of Hydrolysis Products by Different Types of Exo-Cellulases from Trichoderma viride
		the latter substrate cellobiose which was mutarotated in an
	jb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/83/6/1625 (244 words)

	Astrobiology: Science
		Rapid on-column analysis of glucosamine and its mutarotation by microchip capillary electrophoresis, Skelley, A. and Mathies, R. Journal of Chromatography A, Sulfate minerals and organic compounds on Mars, Aubrey, A., Cleaves, H.J., Chalmers, H., Skelley, A. M., Mathies, R., Grunthaner F. Ehrenfreund, P. and Bada, J. Geology, 2006, 3, 357-360.
		D-Glucosamine is labeled with fluorescamine and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis in under 2 minutes revealing its pH-dependent mutarotation between the α and β-anomers.
		In a separate experiment, the mutarotation of the unlabeled a-D-anomer was followed; the relative intensities of the a- and b-peaks as a function of reaction time at pH 9.51 give a forward rate constant of 0.6 ± 0.1 x 10-3 s-1.
	astrobiology.berkeley.edu /science.htm (7563 words)

	Reports
		The report form for experiment 8 (mutarotation of glucose) has been posted.
		We will start this experiment on Monday after a short lecture on hemiacetal formation and mutarotation of glucose.
		Turn in your sample in a proper labeled bottle and staple all of the spectra to your report.
	users.ipfw.edu /tahmassd/CHM266/Announcement.htm (2039 words)

	Sucrose
		Honey, in fact, is primarily a mixture of these three sugars.
		Unlike most other disaccharides, sucrose is not a reducing sugar and does not exhibit mutarotation.
		These facts imply that sucrose has no hemiacetal linkages and that glucose and fructose must both be glycosides.
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=59 (271 words)

	Amazon.com: "mutarotation measurement": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cumulative Subject and Author Indexes, and Tables of Contents for Volumes 1-53 (Advances in Ccarbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry) by Derek Horton (Editor)
		See all pages with references to mutarotation measurement.
		structure, 37:175 Callose, 23:384, 44:273 in cell walls, 26:345, 349 effect on cellulose biosynthesis, 41:128-129 synthesis of, 26:324-325, 32:11 Calorimetry, mutarotation measurement by, 23:51 Cambridge Crystallographic Data Bank refcodes,...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/mutarotation-measurement (275 words)

	mutarotation - Dictionnaire Français-Anglais WordReference.com
		We found no English translation for 'mutarotation' in our French to English Dictionary.
		Or did you want to translate 'mutarotation' from English to French?
		Forum discussions with the word(s) 'mutarotation' in the title:
	www.wordreference.com /fren/mutarotation (41 words)

	Description of azimuthal,behavior,mutarotation,carboxyl group,rods,pancreas,glandular tissue,brittle,CPR,medial
		The second quantum number is called azimuthal quantum number and is labeled with the letter l.
		Determinations of the words azimuthal, behavior, mutarotation, carboxyl group, rods, pancreas, glandular tissue, brittle, CPR, medial
		Definition of azimuthal, behavior, mutarotation, carboxyl group, rods, pancreas, glandular tissue
	www.english-test.net /mcat/vocabulary/words/074/mcat-descriptions.php (342 words)

	Trans-sialidase from Trypanosoma cruzi catalyzes sialoside hydrolysis with retention of configuration -- Todeschini et ...
		Mutarotation rate constants were determined using the peak
		) are the mutarotation rate constants (f, forward; b,
		H NMR Spektroskopische Untersuchungen zur Mutarotation der N-Acetyl-
	glycob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/2/213 (4751 words)

	Meaning of sulfonation,mutarotation,cataract,epimer,angular ...
		Meaning of sulfonation, mutarotation, cataract, epimer, angular momentum, halogenation, concentration, duration, conjugation, ketone
		During sulfonation an aromatic ring reacts with sulfuric acid to form sulfonic acid.
		Explanation of sulfonation, mutarotation, cataract, epimer, angular momentum, halogenation, concentration, duration, conjugation, ketone
	www.english-test.net /mcat/vocabulary/meanings/059/mcat-words.php (1004 words)

	Definition of azimuthal,behavior,mutarotation,carboxyl group,rods,pancreas,glandular tissue,brittle,CPR,medial
		Definition of azimuthal, behavior, mutarotation, carboxyl group, rods, pancreas, glandular tissue, brittle, CPR, medial
		medical term mutarotation define mutarotation definition of mutarotation what is the definition of the word mutarotat
		Description of azimuthal, behavior, mutarotation, carboxyl group, rods, pancreas, glandular tissue, brittle, CPR, medial
	www.english-test.net /mcat/vocabulary/words/074/mcat-definitions.php (1152 words)

	Mutarotation bei Disacchariden - Allgemeine Chemie - ChemieOnline Forum
		Mutarotation bei Disacchariden - Allgemeine Chemie - ChemieOnline Forum
		Allgemeine Chemie Fragen zur Chemie, die ihr nicht in eines der Fachforen einordnen könnt, gehören hierher.
		Findet bei einem monoglykosidisch verknüpften Dissacharid Mutarotation statt?
	www.chemieonline.de /forum/showthread.php?t=33708 (327 words)

	Carbohydrates
		Each of these gave all the characteristic reactions of glucose, and when dissolved in water equilibrated to the same mixture.
		This equilibration takes place over a period of many minutes, and the change in optical activity that occurs is called mutarotation.
		These facts are summarized in the diagram below.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/carbhyd.htm (4755 words)

	Mutarotation - Lebensmittel- & Haushaltschemie - ChemieOnline Forum
		Wenn dies Ihr erster Besuch hier ist, lesen Sie bitte zuerst die Hilfe - Häufig gestellte Fragen durch.
		ich hoffe ihr könnt mir helfen,habe viel über Mutarotation gelesen,und weiß das es was mit dem Gleichgewicht und der änderung des Drehwinkels zu tun hat,aber brauche doch eine verständigere Erklärung und am besten mit dem Begriff Halbacetal bzw Vollacetal!
		Wenn du die entsprechenden Begriffe schon kennst, dann kann eine kurze Google-Suche doch nicht so schwer sein, oder?
	www.chemieonline.de /forum/showthread.php?t=46693 (255 words)

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