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Topic: Mutual Broadcasting System

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	Mutual Broadcasting System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The truly unique point about Mutual was that it was true to its name: it was a completely cooperative venture between the parent companies of the radio stations who produced and shared the programming on the network.
		Mutual was purchased by Westwood One in 1985 and continued to operate Mutual as a separate network program service into the 1990s.
		At the same time the Mutual Broadcasting System network operations center in the Crystal City section of Arlington, Virginia was disassembled, and its primary line operations now go through the CBS Broadcast Center in New York City.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System (1195 words)

	Mutual - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mutual describes a form of business enterprise which is owned by those who do business with it.
		Eventually, it was agreed that federal taxation would be based on their share of business: for instance, in years in which mutual companies represented half of the business, they would be responsible for half of the taxes paid by the industry.
		It is noted that other formerly mutual companies such as Washington Mutual, a former savings and loan association, have been allowed to demutualize and yet retain their names.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mutual (626 words)

	[No title]
		Mutual does not own the satellite, but has a "capital lease" for it which covers over ninety percent of the estimated use of the life of the satellite.
		The County argues that the portion of Mutual's programming that is sent to the earth station via the "T1" line from the Arlington facilities is not the transmission of a radio signal and is not available to the public.
		The definition of "broadcasting" which we have adopted does not include a requirement that a broadcaster have an FCC broadcasting license, and the failure to have such a license, while a factor to consider, is not dispositive in determining whether Mutual is disseminating its radio signal to the public.
	www.courts.state.va.us /opinions/opnscvtx/1992662.txt (1798 words)

	Mutual Broadcasting System
		The Mutual Broadcasting System was a radio network based in the USA from 1934 to 1999.
		The Mutual Broadcasting System, Incorporated was incorporated in 1934 as a cooperative venture between WOR New York, WGN Chicago, WLW Cincinnati and WXYZ Detroit.
		The unique aspect of Mutual was that it was true to its name: it was a completely cooperative venture between the parent companies of the radio stations who produced and shared the programming on the network.
	home.earthlink.net /~hdtv/History/RKOGeneral/Mutual.html (1179 words)

	[No title]
		Mutual filed two applications challenging these assessments; the first application covered the years 1990—1993, and the second addressed years 1994 and 1995.
		In both applications Mutual asserted that the assessments were erroneous because it was exempt from the tax pursuant to Code § 58.1-3703(C)(3) and that the County's assessments were not fairly apportioned and, thus, unconstitutional.
		The County's basic contention is that because Mutual does not own the equipment utilized in the process of transmitting its radio signal to the public, it does not broadcast its radio signal and, therefore, does not qualify as operating or conducting a broadcasting service pursuant to Code § 58.1-3703(C)(3).
	www.courts.state.va.us /opinion/1992662.doc (1869 words)

	Some History of the Mutual Broadcasting System
		Mutual shows were produced by the stations on a cooperative basis, and the stations paid the productions costs and furnished the facilities, not the network.
		On Sept. 15, 1934, this new alliance became the Mutual Broadcasting System, with WOR as a flagship, "The Lone Ranger" as its cornerstone and expansion as its grand hope.
		But Mutual was the first on the air with the news of the Dec. 7, 1941, bombing of Pearl Harbor, six minutes ahead of CBS and NBC.
	members.aol.com /jeff1070/mutual.html (3889 words)

	American Broadcasting Company Essay @ CompleteIdiots.com (Complete Idiots) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The network today, in fact, is the last of the Big Three broadcasting networks to use the full name based upon this initialism (after the Columbia Broadcasting System in 1974, and the National Broadcasting Company in 2004).
		With WEAF came a loosely-organized system feeding programming to other stations in the northeastern U.S. RCA also took control of a second such group, fed by Westinghouse's Newark station WJZ (now WABC (AM), New York.) These were the foundations of RCA's two distinct programming services, the NBC "Red" and NBC "Blue" networks.
		After years of study the FCC in 1940 issued a "Report on Chain Broadcasting." Finding that two corporate owners (and the co-operatively owned Mutual Broadcasting System) dominated American broadcasting, this report proposed "divorcement," requiring the sale by RCA of one of its chains.
	completeidiots.com /encyclopedia/American_Broadcasting_Company (2870 words)

	Mutual Broadcasting System : Mutual Network - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Start the Mutual Broadcasting System : Mutual Network article or add a request for it.
		Look for Mutual Broadcasting System : Mutual Network in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Mutual Broadcasting System : Mutual Network in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System_:_Mutual_Network (170 words)

	STUDIES IN POPULAR CULTURE 25.1
		The solution lay in the development of a system that would allow high-quality programs produced at one or more of the major metropolitan centers (where writing and performing talent was most concentrated) to be distributed to stations nationwide.
		One that did actually make it to the air was the American Broadcasting System (hereafter referred to as “American,” to avoid confusion with the other ABS just discussed), headed by George Storer, an experienced broadcaster who owned radio stations in Windsor, Ontario (just across the border from Detroit); Toledo, Ohio; and Wheeling, West Virginia (“Four”).
		The Mutual Broadcasting System had begun as a program-sharing cooperative between four large stations in October 1934, just as the American Broadcasting System was making its debut.
	pcasacas.org /SPC/spcissues/25.1/Ward.htm (3479 words)

	How Far Should the Government Control Radio?: Who Is It That Fills The Air With Radio Waves? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		From one end of the ordinary home broadcast receiver dial to the other, there are only 106 channels now carrying broadcast sounds.
		One-half the total broadcasting time sold to advertisers is sold by the big networks.
		Mutual belongs to its key stations and the people who control them.
	www.historians.org /Projects/GIRoundtable/Radio/Radio1.htm (1659 words)

	The New & Improved OTR Page!
		The Don Lee Broadcasting System was sold to the General Tire Company in the early 1950s, which also purchased RKO Radio Pictures (the company, not the studio).
		Mutual called itself the world's largest broadcasting network because if one station in a city wouldn't broadcast a certain program, it might have been heard on another station in the same town.
		Mutual was sold to the Amway Company in the 1970s and, after several trades, became the property of Westwood One.
	www.angelfire.com /ca7/loyaltubist/OTR.HTML (1961 words)

	Spotlight on Golden Age Networks - MBS
		Formed in September of 1934, the Mutual Broadcasting System aspired to be the largest radio network in history, as much in defense against the competition from CBS, NBC's 'Red' and 'Blue' networks, and ABC as for any other economic reason.
		By the early 1940's, Mutual Broadcasting was indeed arguably the largest true 'network' of radio stations for its time, but with few exceptions most of those 200 - 300 radio stations were small, low-wattage, local stations.
		Mutual-Don Lee's Radio City, Hollywoodland HQ The War Years saw the transition of The Mutual Broadcasting System away from the control of hundreds of smaller stations and into the control of a succession of corporations; General Tire and Rubber, in the early 1950's, then Armand Hammer, the Hal Roach Studios, and Albert G. McCarthy.
	www.digitaldeliftp.com /LookAround/la_networkspot_mbs.htm (643 words)

	LEXSEE 39 F
		Jenness asked the National Broadcasting Company and the Mutual Broadcasting system for equal time to reply to those networks' broadcast of a speech made by Democratic Party nominee George McGovern on August 5, 1972; that NBC denied your request because Ms.
		Jenness is under 35 years of age and has not established that she is a legally qualified candidate for the presidency of the United States; and that Mutual Broadcasting System denied your request on the basis that the appearance of Senator McGovern was a news broadcast and exempt from the equal time regulation.
		While Mutual denied the request on the basis that the appearance of Senator McGovern was a news broadcast, NBC chose to deny the request because Ms.
	www.uiowa.edu /~cyberlaw/FCCOps/1972/39F2_89.htm (2566 words)

	[No title]
		The Mutual Radio Theater debuted Mar 3, 1980 and was to run for 13 weeks on almost 300 stations.
		The series was broadcast in stereo, making it the only commercial radio network drama program in the nation to use this technology at the time.
		All 103 broadcasts are in the collection of the author as well as written promos that were sent to the local media describing the air date, title, plot, host, writer, director and all the cast members.
	www.old-time.com /otrlogs2/mutualrt_dj.log.txt (450 words)

	Mutual Broadcasting System History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mutual's name also tells a tale about its distribution method: the early Mutual network used a minimum of Telco bridging service, and rather relayed its program from affiliate to affiliate in a tandem series of lines.
		Mutual was purchased by 3M in (between 1955-62).
		Mutual was purchased by Westwood One in September 1985 for $39 Million..
	www.oldradio.com /archives/prog/mutual.htm (632 words)

	Exploring U.S. History \| Regulating Television
		The National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (formerly known as the National Association of Broadcasters) is a trade association of the radio and television industry, organized in 1923.
		It is the responsibility of television to bear constantly in mind that the audience is primarily a home audience, and consequently that television’s relationship to the viewers is that between guest and host.
		By law the television broadcaster is responsible for the programming of his station.
	chnm.gmu.edu /exploring/20thcentury/regulatingtelevision/pop_report.html (1319 words)

	"Radio Days - Fulton Lewis Jr."
		But his voice was heard over radio via the Mutual Broadcasting System and though often a lone national voice, he was very popular and a powerful influence.
		Volunteering to fill in for a vacationing broadcaster, Lewis was heard regularly during this period.
		His broadcasting style was somewhat folksy making the listener feel Lewis was speaking directly to him.
	www.otr.com /lewis.html (620 words)

	Bay Area Radio Museum - Timeline - KSFO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A new broadcast station at Oakland, Calif., was constructed in March 1925 at the Tenth Avenue Baptist Church, with a view towards broadcasting church services over the radio.
		The Associated Broadcasters, lessee of the station, quoted a long history of hindrance (i.e., not receiving approval for its numerous requests for improved facilities), and was faced with choosing from 500 watts fulltime hours, or 1,000 watts on a shared time basis with other local stations.
		They argued that KTAB had broadcast with 1,000 watts for two years "and should be allowed that privilege now (June 1927.)" On July 14, 1927, the FRC granted authorization for KTAB to use 1,000 watts "on the next four Sundays" (July 17, 24 and 31, and August 7).
	www.bayarearadio.org /history/timeline_ksfo.shtml (3398 words)

	RadioGOLDINdex - How To Use This Database
		Mutual was always the poorest of the four networks, both in revenues and programming.
		Broadcasters and radio show enthusiasts usually know the location of a station by its call letters.
		Find out broadcast data about these programs and the changes they went through while they were on the air.
	www.radiogoldindex.com /howto.html (2186 words)

	Don Lee Broadcasting System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The network was first affiliated with the Columbia Broadcasting System when it was created in 1927, but chafed under its requirements and the difficulty of time-delaying broadcasts from New York for the west coast.
		Don Lee switched affiliations in 1936 when be purchased part of the Mutual Broadcasting System and the west coast network became the Don Lee Mutual Broadcasting System.
		Upon his death, Thomas S. Lee Enterprises d/b/a the Don Lee Broadcasting System was sold to General Tire and Rubber Company and joined The Yankee Network.
	home.earthlink.net /~hdtv/History/RKOGeneral/DonLee.html (160 words)

	The RADIO Show Archives
		Mutual Broadcasting System, July 22, 1946, sponsored by Kellogg's Pep.
		Mutual Broadcasting System, July 23, 1946, sponsored by Kellogg's Pep.
		Mutual Broadcasting System, July 24, 1946, sponsored by Kellogg's Pep.
	www.otrsite.com /broadcast/arcradioshow0508.html (149 words)

	The History of KFRC Radio
		On an evening broadcast heard November 15, 1926, officials of the City of Paris formally turned over the station to Don Lee, and the audience was told of his plans for a great station to broadcast from new and elaborate studios he planned to build in the Cadillac building.
		In 1929, the nation's second network, the Columbia Broadcasting System, still had no affiliates west of the Rockies, and this was making it difficult for the network to compete with its larger rival, NBC.
		The switch from CBS to Mutual was scheduled for December 29, 1936, the date which marked the expiration of the CBS/Don Lee contract.
	www.bayarearadio.org /schneider/kfrc1.shtml (5970 words)

	Miles Ahead: Sessions
		Well, there's the pitch, now you write the questions, and the address again is Bandstand USA, Mutual Broadcasting System, 1440 Broadway, New York 18, New York, and we'll ask the stars.
		Broadcast on Mutual's Bandstand USA, which aired live on Saturday nights beginning in 1956.
		There seem to be two broadcast recordings of this date -- one includes a complete version of "Bags' Groove" but no interview with Maynard Ferguson; the other includes an edited version of "Bags' Groove" that segues into the Ferguson interview.
	www.plosin.com /milesAhead/Sessions.aspx?s=570720 (1158 words)

	Spotlight on Golden Age Networks - ABC
		Feeling that "Blue" was not the best name for a broadcast network it was suggested that a name beginning with "A" be chosen so the network would show up at the beginning of alphabetical listings.
		Although Noble was an astute businessman, he knew nothing of the broadcast industry and by the early 1950s, ABC was in serious dire straits.
		Intially distributed via the earlier Mutual Broadcasting System, once struggling ABC assumed control of the station, it continued to build upon WXYZ's incredible pool of talent, immediately spinning off several of its most popular syndicated radio shows into its early Television Programming under ABC Television.
	www.digitaldeliftp.com /LookAround/la_networkspot_abc.htm (856 words)

	Converted from "4842.txt" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Circa May 1983, the Columbia Broadcasting System CHANGED their jingles for news, sports, and (long-form) features/public affairs shows.
		Since Mutual never really entered Television, I guess that they never "shortened" their (usual) on-air outcue from "Mutual" to "MBS", while the other three did so circa Fall 1951.
		Beginning in the late 1940's, and continuing until the late 1950's (when Godfrey had surgery for lung cancer), his 90-minute weekday daytime radio program on the CBS Radio Network was also simulcast (for the first 60 min's) over the CBS Television Network.
	www.airwaves.com /archive2/4842.html (2594 words)

	Radios Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As a student studying broadcast communications this book has been invaluable at framing the industry and providing insight into the nuances of the medium.
		You will need a receiver, an antenna, a list of broadcasting stations, their frequencies and time schedules and an understanding of how radio signals move through and bounce off of the atmosphere and earth.
		Nearly every broadcasting station around the globe is listed with their schedules.
	www.antique-book-reviews.com /Radios/Radios_13.html (7128 words)

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