Where results make sense

About us   |   Why use us?   |   Reviews   |   PR   |   Contact us

Annotated Bibliography for Mutualistic Relationships Excellent development and support for the hypothesis on the mutualistic relationship between extrafloral nectaries and ants. However, some of their data to suggest that these seeds are not mimetic, and that the avian relationship is mutualistic, does not seem strong enough to support their challenge. Hence, presently I am not convinced that the avian/seed relationship is mutualistic. userwww.sfsu.edu /~efc/classes/biol862/jancybib.htm   (707 words)

Nearctica - Ecology - Population Ecology - Mutualism However the fundamental and most important mutualistic relationship is between the corals that form the reef and the dinoflagellates (learn more about dinoflagellates) that live within the coral polyps. The dinoflagellates use the carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes in photosynthesis to form oxygen and sugars that are in turn used by the coral polyps as well as the dinoflagellates in their metabolism, reforming the carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes. This cyclical exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide is beneficial to both the coral polyps and the dinoflagellates, a mutualistic relationship. www.nearctica.com /ecology/pops/mutual.htm   (1565 words)

Mutualism Summary Another example of a mutualistic symbiotic relationship is that of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobia living in nodules on the roots of legumous plants such as clover, alfalfa, peas, and beans. The relationship is mutualistic because both organisms benefit; the plants gain the important nutrient nitrogen in a usable form, and the bacteria get a source of energy, usually glucose. Mutualistic interactions are thought to be the origin of the many cell organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, which may have resulted from the acquisition of free-living phytoplankton and other single-celled organisms by host species. www.bookrags.com /Mutualism   (1156 words)

Bio-Protection - Agri-Biotechnology - Signalling in a mutualistic symbiosis The aim of this project is to identify and characterise signalling mechanisms that operate in the symbiotic interaction between Epichloë festucae and perennial ryegrass to control the growth of the endophyte in planta and to regulate endophyte synthesis of bioprotective metabolites. The first goal is to identify sensors and transducers of symbiotic signals that control growth of the endophyte in the plant. The second goal is to identify transcription factors that regulate expression of these bioprotective metabolite genes. www.bioprotection.org.nz /agri-biotechnology-proj6_signalling_in_a_mutualistic_symbiosis.html   (162 words)

The Biophysical Realm One solution to this problem is the mutualistic sharing of differences - the natural variability in the gene pool which is a consequence of sexual reproduction - which allows certain individuals to adapt to the population crisis and find a new way to utilize the available niche space. The mutualistic sharing of differences that allows this greater variability to exist is occurring not at the level of the individual organism, but at the level of the genes, where the recombinant process of sexual reproduction creates the genetic variability that allows the resulting organism to explore new niche space. All species exist in some kind of mutualistic relationship with other life forms; even predatory relationships have their beneficial side, from the point of view of population control. people.cornell.edu /pages/jag8/biophs.html   (3035 words)

Biodiversity and mutualism in ecosystems Mutualistic association in each level is a consequence of mutualism throughout all previous ranks. A biodiverse ecosystem comprising positive feedback, mutualistic links will be stable against disturbances that characterise its environment, but perhaps quite vulnerable to foreign disturbances or disturbance patterns. It must therefore be sustainable and maintain a high degree of biodiversity, efficiency and mutualistic associations. www.angelfire.com /sk/monkeypuzzle/mbionet.html   (7085 words)

Fungi Mutualistic Symbionts: organisms that live together and are beneficial to each other','(sym = with, together; bios = life)','../../sounds/bio106/symbiont.wav')" onMouseOver="window.status='Organisms that are beneficial to each other'; return true">symbionts absorb nutrients from a host, but reciprocate with some beneficial function(s). This mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi is beneficial to both organisms because, through their digestive enzymes, the fungi help make minerals available to the plant and help in water absorption (they are smaller diameter than any of the tree roots) in return for organic “food” from the plant. About 90% of all trees depend on micorrhizae and bare-root trees often don’t do as well because all of the smaller roots where the micorrhizal fungi would normally live are pruned off. biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio106/fungi.htm   (1722 words)

ECOLOGY: Mutualistic Webs of Species -- Thompson 312 (5772): 372 -- Science The observed differences in the structure of mutualistic and antagonistic webs, however, are consistent with what is currently known about coevolutionary selection among pairs and small groups of interacting species (8). Identifying the evolutionary and coevolutionary processes that shape asymmetries during the assembly of complex mutualistic webs will require studies of how particular pairs and groups of species differ in their patterns of asymmetry in different biological communities. Studies of complex mutualistic webs are part of an overall scaling up of the fields of coevolutionary biology (8) and community ecology (9) to encompass the processes shaping the diversity of life across large geographic and temporal scales. www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/312/5772/372   (1283 words)

Ongoing research, a personal description   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17) Mutualistic networks are assemblages of animals and plants that interact; and the outcome of the interactions has pervasive consequences for the ecology and evolution of each couterpart. We are investigating how these mutualistic networks buildup and what are the consequences of species extinctions, fragmentation, and overall stability for the evolution and persistence of the mutualistic interactions. This mutualistic plant-frugivore interaction is thus a key element to understand the evolution and maintenance of diversity in these shrublands. ebd10.ebd.csic.es /mywork/ongoing/ongoing.html   (1273 words)

The actinomycete bacteria The chemical defence presented by the metapleural gland secretion, grooming, and weeding by workers are not enough to prevent Escovopsis (a specialized fungal pathogen of leaf-cutting ant fungi) from establishing and spreading (Currie and Stuart, 2001; Currie et al., 2002; Bot et al., in press). The mutualistic bacterium grows on the cuticle of the ants and the most prominent place for growth is genus specific (Currie et al., 1999a). The vertical transmission mode produces, as is the case with the mutualistic fungus, a bottleneck since presumably only one clone is propagated, a feature that is proposed to act as a stabilizing factor of mutualistic relationships (Frank, 1996; Herre et al., 1999). www.webspawner.com /users/michaelpoulsen2002/index.html   (893 words)

mutualism Most agree that mutualistic relationships evolved from negative associations (predator prey, parasitism etc.).Basically the organism being negatively impacted had two options: escape the relationship or adapt to it, and in the process make the relationship more advantageous to itself. where all variables are same as in logistic model, except for a21 is mutualistic per capita effect of species 1 on species 2, and a21 is effect of species 1 on species 2. There is some dispute how mutualistic the relationship is. There is a fine line between the role of protector and hostage holder. www2.mcdaniel.edu /Biology/eco/mut/mutualism.html   (1677 words)

[No title] Similarly, most models of mutualistic associations consider the ecological or evolutionary dynamics of a single pair of interacting species. The goals of this symposium are to explore the consequences of such diffuse and conditional mutualistic interactions, as well as to articulate how this alternative view of mutualisms can shape future research efforts. In potentially mutualistic interactions between plants and soil microbes, such as mycorrhizal fungi and nodule-inhabiting, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, plants generally encounter and associate with a diverse community of symbionts. www.amnat.org /banff/vp.html   (1262 words)

NWO - Biological diversity in a mutualistic world Recently we showed that the diversity of one group of symbiotic and mutualistic micro-organisms, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, greatly enhanced plant diversity in grassland ecosystems (Nature 396: 69-72). This breakthrough in the study of the regulation of plant diversity may be the starting point of a new series of exciting discoveries. To test these hypotheses semi-natural ecosystems will be constructed under controlled conditions and the presence, composition and diversity of the different groups of mutualistic symbionts will be manipulated and their effects upon plant diversity and ecosystem functioning will be investigated. www.nwo.nl /projecten.nsf/pages/1300106769   (248 words)

Symbiosis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17) Mutualistic relations between plants and fungi are very common. There are other examples where a mutualistic relationship seems to have evolved into a commensalistic or even parasitic one. Some parasitic fungi seem to have evolved from ancestors living in the mutualistic partnership of a lichen. home.comcast.net /~john.kimball1/BiologyPages/S/Symbiosis.html   (1672 words)

Mycorrhiza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This mutualistic association provides the fungus with a renewable source of food through access to fixed carbon (sugars) from the plant photosynthate. Mycorrhizas form a mutualistic relationship with the roots of most plant species (although only a small proportion of all species have been examined, 95% of all plant families are predominantly mycorrhizal). It is hypothesized that this plant-fungi mutualistic partnership was vital in the colonization of land by plants. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mycorrhiza   (1055 words)

SeedQuest - Central information website for the global seed industry Thus a mutualistic interaction became an antagonistic one with the mutation of a single gene. Thus, the ROS act as a brake on the growth of the fungus, preventing it from becoming pathogenic and allowing it to maintain a beneficial, mutualistic symbiosis with the plant. This study has highlighted a previously unknown role for ROS in maintaining a mutualistic symbiosis between endophytic fungi and plants and shown that the mutation of the fungal noxA gene can switch the symbiosis from beneficial to antagonistic. www.seedquest.com /News/releases/2006/march/15263.htm   (987 words)

ECOLOGY: ON MUTUALISTIC SPECIES WEBS New work [1] addresses an important component of this problem by asking if mutualistic interactions involving dozens or even hundreds of plant and animal species coevolve in a way that leads to a predictable pattern of links among species. In extending quantitative network analyses to mutualistic webs, Bascompte et al [1] show that the distribution of specialists and generalists within these webs is unlikely to be due to chance. Moreover, they show that asymmetries in specialization among pairs of interacting species are the rule: Strong dependence on a particular interaction in one direction is frequently accompanied by weak dependence in the other direction. scienceweek.com /2006/sw060505-4.htm   (566 words)

Evolution: Library: E.O. Wilson: Ants and Ecosystems Known for his studies of leafcutter ants, Wilson characterizes the mutualistic symbiosis between ant and fungus as "one of the most successful experiments in the evolution of life." In his interview for Evolution, E.O. Wilson asserts that besides predation, "There's another force equally important and responsible for the buildup of a great deal of the magnificent superstructure of the Earth's biodiversity. And that is cooperation, what we call symbiosis, and particularly mutualistic symbiosis, that is intimate living together of different kinds of organisms in which there's a partnership which benefits both of the partners." www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/01/3/l_013_05.html   (418 words)

BioMed Central | Full text | Sarcocystosis of chital-dhole: conditions for evolutionary stability of a predator ... In the case of such parasite species the predator and the parasite have common interests and therefore a mutualistic relationship is possible. A mutualistic relationship can be said to exist between a predator and a parasite [10] if the cost of harboring the parasite is less than the benefit of greater success in catching the prey [1]. Low virulence of the parasite towards the predator host and parasite tolerance by the predator host are essential factors for the maintenance of a mutualistic relationship. www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6785/5/3   (2619 words)

CiteULike: Inaugural Article: The players in a mutualistic symbiosis: Insects, bacteria, viruses, and virulence genes.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17) Aphids maintain mutualistic symbioses involving consortia of coinherited organisms. Based on their ubiquity and abundance, these phages appear to be an obligate component of the H. defensa life cycle. We propose that, in these mutualistic symbionts, phage-borne toxin genes provide defense to the aphid host and are a basis for the observed protection against eukaryotic parasites. www.citeulike.org /user/manzanita/article/431976   (556 words)

Microbe Magazine Dongjin Kim is a graduate student and Steven Forst is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. The gram-negative bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila engages in a mutualistic relationship with a specific soil nematode and also can mount potent pathogenic attacks on a variety of insects. Early colonization events in the mutualistic association between Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes and Xenorhabdus nematophila bacteria. www.asm.org /microbe/index.asp?bid=33855   (2351 words)

The Open Door Web Site : Biology : More Mutualistic Relationships  Not all mutualistic relationships involve one organism living inside another organism. In this association the plover receives a supply of food and the other animal rids itself of unwelcome pests Some flowers have a mutualistic association with a specific insect. www.saburchill.com /ans02/chapters/chap011.html   (389 words)

Pathogens: Nonpathogenic Organisms and Insects Most groups of organisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and Protozoa) have mutualistic associations with insects. These associations may be either intracellular or extracellular and are usually associated with insects that have some nutritional difficulty. Although there have been attempts to manipulate mutualistic insect/microorganism associations as a means of biological control, the potential of this approach appears limited at this time. www.inhs.uiuc.edu /cee/biocontrol/pathogens/nonpathogenic.html   (249 words)

IngentaConnect Are Caribbean cleaning symbioses mutualistic? Costs and benefits ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17) Cleaning symbioses in the marine environment have long been held to be mutualistic interactions in which cleaners glean food from the surface of their fish clients while client ectoparasite load is reduced. They travelled much further and stayed away longer from their territories to perform reproductive and social activities than they did to seek cleaners. Distance-dependent variability in the costs of seeking cleaners allows damselfish to scale these costs in relation to the benefits gained and ensure that their relationship with cleaners remains mutualistic. www.ingentaconnect.com /content/ap/ar/2001/00000062/00000005/art01832   (350 words)

Asymmetric Coevolutionary Networks Facilitate Biodiversity Maintenance -- Bascompte et al. 312 (5772): 431 -- Science Green solid histograms (A to F) represent dependences of plants on pollinators, and red dashed histograms (G to I) represent dependences of seed dispersers on plants. Frequency distributions of asymmetry values of mutual dependences within a mutualistic community. The asymmetry of a pairwise mutualistic interaction is estimated as follows: www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/312/5772/431   (2176 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)

About us   |   Why use us?   |   Reviews   |   Press   |   Contact us   Copyright © 2005-2007 www.factbites.com Usage implies agreement with terms.