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	SFORZA. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The first prominent member of the family was Muzio Attendolo Sforza, 1369–1424, a farmer from the Romagna who became a noted condottiere and took the surname Sforza [the forcer].
		Francesco was succeeded by his eldest son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1444–76, a highly educated but dissolute and cruel man; he was a patron of the arts and employed the architect Bramante.
		Galeazzo’s daughter Bianca Maria married Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and his illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza, 1463?–1509, became the wife of Gerolamo Riario, lord of the cities of Imola and Forlì and a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/sf/Sforza.html (592 words)

	Joanna II - LoveToKnow 1911
		He and the constable Muzio Attendolo Sforza completely dominated her, and the turbulent barons wished to provide her with a husband who would be strong enough to break her favourites yet not make himself king.
		But James at once declared himself king, had Alopo killed and Sforza imprisoned, and kept his wife in a state of semi-confinement; this led to a counteragitation on the part of the barons, who forced James to liberate Sforza, renounce his kingship, and eventually to quit the country.
		The queen now sent Sforza to re-establish her authority in Rome, whence the Neapolitans had been expelled after the death of Ladislaus; Sforza entered the city and obliged the condottiere Braccio da Montone, who was defending it in the pope's name, to depart (1416).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Joanna_II (622 words)

	Sforza - LoveToKnow 1911
		The duchy went to Charles V. The dukes of Sforza-Cesarini and the counts of Santa Fiora are descended from collateral branches of the Sforza family.
		In 1473 she was betrothed to Girolamo Riario, a son of Pope Sixtus IV., who was thus able to regain possession of Imola, that city being made a fief of the Riario family.
		After a triumphal entry into Imola in 1477 Caterina Sforza went to Rome with her husband, who, with the help of the pope, wrested the lordship of Forli from the Ordelaffi.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sforza (1286 words)

	Muzio Sforza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Founder of the Sforza dynasty, he led a Bolognese-Florentine army at the Battle of Casalecchio.
		In 1417 Sforza was sent by Joan to help the pope against Braccio da Montone, together with his son Francesco.
		Sforza's first wife was Antonia Salimbeni, who died in 1411, who had given him Bosio (1411-1476), who was count of Santa Fiora.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Muzio_Sforza (554 words)

	Chapter 15: A History of Aragon and Catalonia
		Sforza is perhaps the most famous of the Italian condottieri, and, at this time, becomes one of the chief figures in Italian history.
		Sforza came to her relief with an army, defeated the Aragonese and secured possession of the town.
		Sforza showed incredible bravery, but a series of attacks in different quarters distracted his attention, and he was obliged to retire with the Queen and some of the leading citizens to Aversa, leaving Alfonso once more in possession of the whole of Naples.
	libro.uca.edu /chaytor/hac15.htm (6881 words)

	A Horse for the Duke / A Horse for Leonardo
		The monument devoted to Francesco Sforza completely confirms this political valence, which with Ludovico il Moro is extended to the need to legitimate a power that had actually been usurped.
		Il Moro’s choice of the rearing horse was probably due to different factors, although with strong war implications, well highlighted by ancient sculptures and medieval representations in which war deities such as Mars and Dioscuri (the sons of Zeus) are associated.
		Until 1489 Leonardo therefore focused his studies on the hypothesis of a rearing horse, a solution adopted willingly as he was easily able to visualise the idea of movement that he finds so fascinating and which later becomes the essence of his vision of the world.
	www.museoscienza.org /english/Leonardo/cavallo/cap5.asp (645 words)

	Allusions
		The illegitimate son of a mercenary commander, Muzio Attendolo Sforza, Francesco grew up at the court of Ferrara and accompanied his father to Naples, where Muzio entered the employ of King Ladislas.
		Though Sforza was primarily a warrior, he and his children became known as patrons of the arts and enriched Milan architecturally.
		It was sold in 1445 to the Sforza family, and in 1512, through the influence of Pope Julius II, it went to the pope’s nephew Francesco Maria I della Rovere, duke di Urbino.
	www.pthompson.addr.com /prince/allusions.htm (5069 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Muzio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Clementi, Muzio, 1752-1832, Italian composer, pianist, and conductor, b.
		Sforza, Francesco I, 1401-66, duke of Milan (1450-66); illegitimate son of Muzio Attendolo Sforza.
		Sforza, Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Muzio (391 words)

	Caravaggio
		Yet somehow, to general amazement, given the apparent unremitting hostilities, and Costanza's youth, a child, Muzio Sforza, the first of six sons, was born in 1569, and the couple were reconciled.
		Francesco Sforza paid them the honour of acting as a witness at their wedding, which suggests that Fermo's position in the Sforza household was of some importance.
		The Sforza lived mainly in Milan, in a splendid palace near the church of San Giovanni in Conca, in the Piazza Missori; Fermo's role there seems to have been as builder or site architect, though he remains a shadowy figure.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/l/langdon-caravaggio.html (2778 words)

	Giovanna D'Angio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As consequence, he decided to organize a conspiracy to aleniate Muzio Sforza who, with a false accuse, was imprisoned in the castle of Benevento.
		In the meantime, even Muzio Sforza was freed, and Giovanna had a new lover, Urbano Orilia, even if there was a young nobleman who started to attend the Neapolitan Court : Sergianni Caracciolo and soon the Queen fell in love with him, and because of that love the court life was conditioned for 16 years.
		At that point Alfonso was worried : Giovanna, Luigi III, Muzio Sforza, the Pope, all united against him; in fact an army led by Muzio Sforza arrived in Naples, but the situation didn’t change because Naples was still in the hands of the Aragoneses.
	www.fva.is /~harpa/comenius/it_dangelo.html (2491 words)

	Francesco Sforza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		(Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan) Francesco Sforza (1401 - 1466) was the founder of the Sforza dynasty in Milan, Italy.
		The son of Muzio Sforza, Francesco was originally a mercenary leader, most famous for being able to bend metal bars with his bare hands.
		During Sforza's reign over Milan, Florence was under the command of Cosimo de' Medici and the two enlightened rulers became close friends.
	francesco-sforza.kiwiki.homeip.net (402 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sforza (Italian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Sforza[sfOr´tsA] Pronunciation Key, Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
		Galeazzo's daughter Bianca Maria married Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and his illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza, 1463?–1509, became the wife of Gerolamo Riario, lord of the cities of Imola and ForlI and a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV.
		With her second husband, Giovanni de' Medici, she bore a son who became the famous condottiere Giovanni delle Bande Nere (see Medici, Giovanni de').
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sforza.html (706 words)

	Francesco I Sforza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sforza insisted on being shown in his worn dirty old campaigning hat.
		Sforza later found himself warring against his son Francesco (whom he defeated at the Battle of Montolmo in 1444) and, later, the alliance of Visconti, Eugene IV, and Sigismondo Malatesta, who had allegedly murdered Polissena.
		After the peace, Sforza renounced part of the conquests in eastern Lombardy obtained by his condottieri Bartolomeo Colleoni, Ludovico Gonzaga, and Roberto Sanseverino after 1451.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Francesco_I_Sforza (886 words)

	A Horse for the Duke / A Horse for Leonardo
		The founder of the Sforza lineage was the leader of mercenary troops (condottiere) Muzio Attendolo (1369-1424).
		In 1450 Francesco Sforza triumphantly re-entered the city and was acclaimed duke.
		His government, which lasted sixteen years, was characterised by wise administration and remarkable political lucidity, making him the linchpin of equilibrium and stability in the Italian scenario of the time.
	www.museoscienza.org /english/Leonardo/cavallo/cap3.asp (768 words)

	Sforza — FactMonster.com
		Francesco I Sforza - Sforza, Francesco I, 1401–66, duke of Milan (1450–66); illegitimate son of Muzio...
		Sforza, Carlo, Conte - Sforza, Carlo, Conte, 1872–1952, Italian foreign minister.
		Sforza - Sforza The founder of the illustrious house which was so conspicuous in the fifteenth and sixteenth...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0844623.html (581 words)

	Gallery
		Ippolita Sforza’s nuptial retinue is stopped in Tuscany for Giacomo Piccinino’s murder
		1476 Murder of Galeazzo Maria Sforza in Milan
		Leonardo da Vinci at the court of Lodovico Sforza Il Moro in Milan
	msimonetta.web.wesleyan.edu /wescourses/2002s/ital233/01/gallery.htm (252 words)

	Amazon.com: "Muzio Sforza": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		At the simplest end of vocal music, Francesco set a balletto in a court entertainment put on by Muzio Sforza, the Marquis of Caravaggo and an important patron, for the birth of a son to the governor, Juan Hurtado de...
		a child, Muzio Sforza, the first of six sons, was born in 15699, and the couple were reconciled.
		Sforza, the son of one of the first great Italian condottieri- Muzio Sforza-came, as did most condottieri, from the Romagna, which had little to sell but the strength of its men.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Muzio-Sforza (493 words)

	Francesco I Sforza — Infoplease.com
		], 1401–66, duke of Milan (1450–66); illegitimate son of Muzio Attendolo Sforza.
		Ludovico Sforza - Sforza, Ludovico or Lodovico, b.
		Sforza - Sforza, Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0844625.html (280 words)

	Year II, No.6, Page 11 - Braccio da Montone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Meanwhile in Costanza Martino V was elected to the Papal Seat, and he prepared an army to enter Rome; Braccio asked the new Pope the lordship on Umbria.
		Some time later the Pope excommunicated Giovanna, Queen of Naples, appointing as heir to the crown Louis III Anjou, while Giovanna appointed as her heir king Alfonso of Aragon, and called to fight for her Braccio da Montone, who again found on the other side Sforza, who was at the head of the Anjou army.
		During the march towards the Abruzzese capital, condottiere Muzio Attendolo Sforza drowned in the waters of the Pescara river, near Popoli, and was replaced by Jacopo Caldora, at that time the lord of Castel di Sangro, sided by Francesco, Muzio's son, and by Bartolomeo Colleoni, while Braccio had on his side Niccolò Piccinino and Gattamelata.
	www.abruzzoheritage.com /magazine/2001_06/0106_e.htm (907 words)

	In Like a Knight, Out Like a Cannon, Part One
		Mercenary armies, or condotierre, dominated war in Italy in the 15th century, and skilled and ruthless captains like Facino Cane, Francesco Carmagnola and Braccio Fortebraccio earned fame and fortune with the sword.
		The most successful of these was Francesco Sforza, son of another mercenary captain Muzio Attendolo.
		Sforza took control of Milan in 1450 after the death of the last Visconti duke, ending the city´s short-lived attempt at a republic.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/italian_renaissance/59104 (535 words)

	Illustrious People
		Born into a militant aristocratic family near Bergamo, began his career as a condottiere in 1419 in southern Italy, first under Braccio da Montone and then under Muzio Attendolo Sforza.
		Such success as came to Venice was acknowledged as in no small measure to his courage and shrewdness, and when Gattamelata died in 1443, and Piccinino in 1444, only Francesco Sforza stood in such high esteem among Italian condottieri.
		Colleoni fought under Sforza for Venice in 1448, but it was not until the Peace of Lodi in 1454 settled the interminable wars between the Republic and Milan that he was offered the command-in-chief; it was thereafter Venice's chief concern to prevent his going off in search of wars elsewhere.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /database/glossary/illustri/colleoni.html (525 words)

	CliffsNotes::The Prince:Book Summary and Study Guide
		The founder of the Sforza dynasty was Muzio Attendolo Sforza (1369–1424).
		When Muzio died in battle, his son Francesco (1401–1466) succeeded him as commander of his troops.
		After the departure of the French, the Sforza family ruled Milan with some interruptions until 1535.
	www.cliffsnotes.com /WileyCDA/LitNote/id-148,pageNum-81.html (499 words)

	Condottieri and the Great Equestrian Statues and Paintings of Renaissance Italy
		He too fought for the Sforzas of Milan then changed sides to Venice and was put in charge of the Venetian army fighting Milan.
		What seemed to be a lack of an appropriate sense of urgency was interpreted by Doge Foscari as treason, and he had Carmagnola executed at the age of 52 (his two contemporaries lived into their 70s).
		Condottiere Muzio Attendolo Sforza (1369 - 1424 (55)) (right) was a farmer from Romagna who became a sought after condottiere through service to the Angevin Kings of Naples, took the name "Sforza" (the forcer), but did not live to see his son
	www.paradoxplace.com /Insights/Equestrian/Equestrians.htm (2326 words)

	Sforza - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Sforza, Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan
		1369-1424, a farmer from the Romagna who became a noted condottiere and took the surname Sforza [the forcer].
		THE HISTORY CHANNEL and BIOGRAPHY are trademarks of AandE Television Networks used under license ©2004 AandE Television Networks.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Sforza (660 words)

	Italicus.org luxury and vip travel in Italy: Lineage
		At the end of the fourteenth century, Muzio Sforza waged battle as a condottiere for the Church, the Florentine republic, Milan, the Estes, and the Neapolitan kings.
		In the fifteenth century, the brother of duke Francesco I married a Roman princess and became a count with several territories from the duchy of Milan.
		Thus was founded the Sforza Cesarini branch of the family.
	www.italicus.org /lineage.htm (999 words)

	Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music \| Vol. 12 No. 1 \| Reviewed by Christine Getz: Le origini dell'opera a Milano ...
		This radical transformation of our conception of cultural life in early modern Milan owes much to the efforts of Italian and American scholars who have challenged the time-honored perceptions, patiently sifted through the archival documentation, identified the heretofore unexplored cultural artifacts, and considered those artifacts in light of the extant documentary evidence.
		3, 181–2, the Accademia degli Inquieti was founded in 1594 at the palace of Muzio Sforza Colonna, Marchese di Caravaggio.
		According to this source, which is a manuscript copy of a “Libro Economale di tutti li Iuspatronati fondati e dotati dalli signori Duchi di Milano” prepared by Don Agostino Bassanini in 1651, the benefice was founded on 3 June 1524 by Francesco II Sforza.
	sscm-jscm.press.uiuc.edu /jscm/v12/no1/getz.html (3060 words)

	AllRefer.com - Francesco I Sforza (Italian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Francesco I Sforza (Italian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Francesco I Sforza[frAnchAs´kO, sfOr´tsA] Pronunciation Key, 1401–66, duke of Milan (1450–66); illegitimate son of Muzio Attendolo Sforza.
		His son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, succeeded him as duke.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sforza-F.html (247 words)

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