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Topic: Mwene Mutapa

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	Baxter's EduNET - Time Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Due to his victories, he was given the title Mwene Mutapa, "master conqueror", and this was the name eventually given to the empire.
		To the Europeans, Mwene Mutapa became known as the empire of Monomotapa.
		The Mwene Mutapa empire eventually was taken back by a member of the Mutota family, but Great Zimbabwe remained as the capital of a smaller, now independent Changmire kingdom.
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/timemachine/700saf.html (327 words)

	Munhumutapa Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Empire of Great Zimbabwe also called Mwene Mutapa or Manhumutapa or Mhunhumutapa or Monomotapa or Mutapa or Mwanamutapa was a medieval kingdom (c.1450-1629) located in Southern Africa covering mainly the modern states of Zimbabwe and Mozambique.
		Remnants of the government established another Mutapa kingdom in Mozambique sometimes called Karanga.
		The Mwenes or Monomatapas of the second Mutapa state:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Munhumutapa_Empire (565 words)

	Zimbabwe - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		It ceased to be the centre of the Zimbabwe state and culture in the mid-15th century, possibly because it had outgrown the ability of the surrounding countryside to support such a large settlement.
		At the beginning of the 14th century the large centralized state, later known as the Mwene Mutapa Empire, came into being.
		The Portuguese, who gained a toehold on the Mozambique coast shortly after 1500, sent missionaries to Mwene Mutapa, and by 1629 they had reduced the once-powerful empire to a vassal state, though they were forced out by an alliance of Mutapa and Changamire in 1693.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761575825___30/Zimbabwe.html (2869 words)

	History of Zimbabwe
		There have been many civilizations in Zimbabwe as is shown by the ancient stone structures at Khami[?], Great Zimbabwe and Dhlo-Dhlo[?].
		The first major civilization to become established was the Mwene Mutapa[?] (or Monomatapas), who were said to have built Great Zimbabwe, in the ruins of which was found the soapstone bird that features on the Zimbabwean flag.
		By 1690 the Portuguese had been forced off the plateau and the Rozwi controlled much of the land formerly under Mwene Mutapa.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/History_of_Zimbabwe.html (1842 words)

	Portuguese Influence - History - Zimbabwe - Africa
		In 1498, in the same period that the Karanga chiefs were extending their power over the lowland areas of Mozambique, the Portuguese arrived on the Indian Ocean coast.
		The Portuguese traded gold at the fairs and in 1569 sent a large military expedition led by Francisco Barreto to establish Portuguese control over the chieftaincy of the Mwene Mutapa.
		Early in the 17th century locally recruited armies under Portuguese control conquered the Karanga chieftaincies of the north, including Mwene Mutapa, and invaded the central and southern areas.
	countriesquest.com /africa/zimbabwe/history/portuguese_influence.htm (133 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In about 1450 there is a successful coup led by Mwene Mutapa (Great Plunderer) that ensures that his heirs inherit the title of Monomotapa.
		It is not until 1565 that the King of Portugal, seeing the wealth that comes out of the territory to the south of the Zambesi makes a move to get a foothold on the territory.
		This covers more than half of what is now Zimbabwe and much of the land that had been under the control of Mwene Mutapa was controlled by the Rozwi.
	www.mweb.co.zw /index.php?fArticleId=5191 (1355 words)

	Zimbabwe
		In the mid 15th century the Mwene Mutapa Empire were based here and covered most of Zimbabwe and much of Mozambique.
		In the 16th, the Mwene Mutapa went into decline as they submitted to the influence of missionaries sent by the Portuguese who had taken control of the coast.
		The Rozwi occupied and added to the Great Zimbabwe site until they were defeated by the Ngoni tribes who moved in from the south around 1830 during the great "mfecane" migrations caused by the Zulu's aggressive military expansion.
	us-africa.tripod.com /zimbabwe.html (2499 words)

	Profile - Zimbabwe
		Inhabited for at least 2,000 years, the region of present-day Zimbabwe was the site of several large African states, notably Great Zimbabwe, Mwene Mutapa, and the Rozwi Empire.
		Zimbabwe was the British colony of Southern Rhodesia from the late 1800s until 1965, when its white settlers proclaimed it the state of Rhodesia, which Britain refused to recognize.
		The most important of the chieftaincies were Mwene Mutapa in the Mazoe River valley, Chicanga in the Inyanga highlands, and Quiteve in the Mozambique lowlands.
	www.inadev.org /profile_-_zimbabwe.htm (6984 words)

	Zimbabwe in 1995 (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This is what I wanted to see; the Great Zimbabwe Enclosure built sometime around the 12th century by the Mwene Mutapa civilization developed by the Karanga Bantu tribes who moved into this area from the north in the 8th century and were the ancestors of today's Shona majority.
		It thrived on agriculture and traded gold and ivory with the Arabs on the coast for glass, porcelain and cloth from Asia.
		Meanwhile, the Rozwi Empire was expanding from the west replacing the Mwene Mutapa and driving the Portuguese back to the coast by the end of the 17th.
	geo.ya.com /bclo/page95/95en-zimbabwe-1.html (782 words)

	The Story of Africa\| BBC World Service
		This meant they were able to deal directly with the ruler of the Mutapa state, the Monumutapa (Mwene Mutapa, meaning 'master pillager') and carry out trading on the Zimbabwean Plateau.
		Thereafter, the Portuguese paid tribute to the Mutapa state in return for the right to limited mining.
		In the 17th century the Mutapa state fell into decline.
	bbc.co.uk /worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/10chapter5.shtml (857 words)

	Travelling in Africa \| African Travel Articles \| Zimbabwe Historical Timeline...
		A successful coup by Mwene Mutapa (Great Plunderer) ensures that his heirs inherit the title which is today remembered as Monomotapa.
		The son of the rightful heir regains control but the kingdom is split between the Mwene Mutapa at Fura and the Changamire at Zimbabwe.
		The Changamire kingdom helps the Mutapa to expel the Europeans and they are gone for good by the turn of the century.
	www.siyabona.com /zimbabwe-historical-timeline.html (873 words)

	A History of Africa, Chapter 6
		The restored Mwene Mutapa was weaker than its predecessors; it couldn't subdue the descendants of Changamire, who now had a kingdom of their own named Urozwi, with Great Zimbabwe as its capital.
		Despite this short-term success, Moslems failed to stop Christian activity in central and southern Africa, though during the period covered by this chapter, it was confined mostly to the coast; most of the tribes of the interior were out of reach of both Islam and Christianity.
		For Mwene Mutapa, outlying parts of the kingdom broke away in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, forcing the core to become a Portuguese protectorate in 1633.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /africa/af06.html (18519 words)

	History of Zimbabwe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first major civilization to become established was the Mwene Mutapa (or Monomotapas), who were said to have built Great Zimbabwe, in the ruins of which was found the soapstone bird that features on the Zimbabwean flag.
		Several Shona states came together to form the Rozvi Empire which covered more than half of present day Zimbabwe.
		By 1690 the Portuguese had been forced off the plateau and the Rozvi controlled much of the land formerly under Mwene Mutapa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Zimbabwe (2175 words)

	InterAction.org \| Disaster Response
		These land seizures took the form of mass squatting as well as violence against farm owners.
		The established ruling dynasty in most of Zimbabwe until the 1440s was the Mwene Mutapa nation under King Mutota.
		By 1690, the Portuguese had been driven away, but much of the land formerly under the Mwene Mutapa was now controlled by Shona-speaking tribes which came together to form the Rowzi empire.
	www.interaction.org /zimbabwe/index.html (4252 words)

	Timeline of Portuguese Activity in East Africa, 1498-1700
		The first Portuguese missionary reached the Mutapa kingdom on the Zambezi River
		A new Monomotapa (Kapararidze, head of the Mutapa state in the middle Zambezi valley) tried to reunite the Shona people by starting a war to expel the Portuguese
		Portuguese aided a rival Monomotapa (or Mwene Mutapa) named Mavura to overthrew Kapararidze
	www.fijibure.com /port.htm (428 words)

	culture&myths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Mwene Mutapa's immediate circle of people displayed the wealth of
		social system, state control and court protocol of the Mwene Mutapa are believed to be direct successors of
		A reconstruction of a hut at Nhunguza demonstrates the public functions of its occupants, as described by
	www.plu.edu /~olsonal/page5.html (1354 words)

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