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Topic: Myelin sheath

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	myelin sheath
		Myelination in the human brain continues from before birth until at least 20 years of age.
		Up to the age of 20, large areas of the frontal lobes are not yet myelinated.1 Myelination begins in thedevelopmentally oldest parts of the brain, like the brain stem, moving to the areas of the nervous system that have developed more recently, like the prefrontal lobe and cortex.
		Myelin spreads throughout the nervous system in stages, which vary slightly in each individual.
	www.vaccinetruth.org /myelin_sheath.htm (528 words)

	Myelin - Psychology Wiki
		Myelinated neurons are white in appearance, hence the well-known "white matter" of the brain.
		Myelin is made up primarily of a sphingolipid called sphingomyelin, and it is thought that the intertwining of the hydrocarbon chains of sphingomyelin serve to strengthen the myelin sheath.
		Myelin increases resistance by a factor of 5,000 and decreases capacitance by a factor of 50.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Myelin (534 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, d477-490, January 1, 2003]
		Myelinated axons in the optic nerves of wild-type mice.Virtually all axons in the optic nerve of adult wild-type mice are surrounded by a myelin sheath (a).
		Compact myelin in the optic nerve of MAG-deficient mice displays a normal ultrastructure (a, b), and axons and myelin sheaths are separated by a periaxonal space of normal width (arrowheads in a).
		The inner myelin sheaths (labeled with a single asterisk in a and b) are spiraling clockwise, whereas the outer myelin sheaths (labeled with a pair of asterisks in a and b) are spiraling counterclockwise.
	www.bioscience.org /2003/v8/d/1028/figures.htm (1071 words)

	Formation of Myelin Sheath
		The sheath electrically insulates the axon of a neuron and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.
		The outer nucleated cytoplasmic layer of the neurolemmocyte, which encloses the myelin sheath, is called the neurolemma (sheath of Schwann).
		Because myelination is still in progress during infancy, an infant's responses to stimuli are not as rapid or coordinated as those of an older child or adult.
	library.thinkquest.org /28457/formation.shtml (319 words)

	NPEL: Myelin Sheath Diseases
		The myelin sheath of the central (and sometimes peripheral) nervous system bears the brunt of the pathologic process while other neural structures are relatively spared.
		Demyelinating- The myelin sheath, once properly formed and funcioning, is destrotyed by a disease process.
		Leads to breakdown of myelin and the accumulation of sulfatide-rich lipids that appear as small globules of metachromatic material in the white matter.
	www.uvm.edu /~jkessler/NP/neumyshe.htm (598 words)

	The Myelin Project for research and education in demyelinating diseases
		Myelin is the insulating sheath surrounding nerve cellsthe white matter coating our nerves, enabling them to conduct impulses between the brain and other parts of the body.
		The Myelin Project was establihsed in 1989 with the aim of funding research on the demyelinating diseaes, such as the leukodystrophies and multiple sclerosis.
		Since myelin loss leads to the reduction or blockage of nerve impulse conduction, myelin regrowth would logically restore conduction in diseases for which therapies capable of halting demyelination have already been found (e.g., phenylketonuria, Refsum's disease, which are treatable, mainly through restricted diets).
	www.myelin.org /glossary.htm (1491 words)

	Functional Gap Junctions in the Schwann Cell Myelin Sheath -- Balice-Gordon et al. 142 (4): 1095 -- The Journal of Cell ...
		Shown is a portion of a myelinated fiber from the sciatic nerve of a cx32-null mouse after injection of 5,6-carboxyfluorescein; the location of incisures is marked with white arrowheads.
		As in myelinating Schwann cells from wild-type mice, a train track pattern is apparent on at least one side of the axon.
		Comparative analysis of junctions in the myelin sheath of central and peripheral axons of fish, amphibians and mammals: a freeze-fracture study using complementary replicas.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/142/4/1095 (7250 words)

	Radial Bands in the Optic Nerve Myelin Sheath
		1 A, arrows), These beads of dark areas in the myelin sheath were fairly constantly observed in cross as well as in longitudinal sections.
		The bands became very clear when the osmium-tetroxide-treated, paraffin-embedded sections were cleared in xylol, immersed in turpentine or dioxane for 1½ h, and then cleared again in xylol and mounted in dibutylphthalate polysterene xylene mounting medium.
		This suggests that these dark beaded areas in the myelin sheaths of the optic nerve, which are seen in osmium-tetroxide-treated material, are resistant to fat solvents.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v196/n4860/abs/1961215b0.html (219 words)

	Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Much like the insulation around an electrical wire, the myelin sheath enables electrical impulses to be conducted along the nerve fiber with speed and accuracy.
		Myelin sheaths do not develop normally in children with certain rare hereditary diseases, such as Tay-Sachs disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Gaucher's disease, and Hurler's syndrome.
		In adults, the myelin sheath can be destroyed by stroke, inflammation, immune disorders, metabolic disorders, and nutritional deficiencies (for example, a lack of vitamin B12).
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec06/ch092/ch092a.html (256 words)

	Myelin sheath survival following axonal degeneration in doubly myelinated nerve fibers -- Kidd and Heath 11 (12): 4003 ...
		Myelin sheath survival following axonal degeneration in doubly myelinated nerve fibers -- Kidd and Heath 11 (12): 4003 -- Journal of Neuroscience
		outer sheath survived degeneration of the axon and inner sheath.
		We conclude that in the mouse SCG, myelin
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/11/12/4003 (334 words)

	How it happens. The damage.
		It may be reasoned that, in some manner, the excess protein/ antibody/immunoglobulin has recognised a protein associated with the myelin sheath as a foreign invader, and seeks to neutralize it.
		The protective coating or myelin sheath is damaged, rather like stripping the insulation off an electric wire, causing the nerve cells to not function properly.
		The myelin damage and exposure of the axons, means that the signals cannot be transmitted efficiently.
	www.pdn-info.co.uk /How_it_happens.html (543 words)

	Brain Mental Care: Myelin Sheath Support 180 tabs from Planetary - Discount Health Supplements Store
		Myelin Sheath Support Herbal Formula Herbal-Nutrient Nervous System Support Planetary Formulas Myelin Sheath Support is a comprehensive botanical preparation, designed to support the fat-like insulating sheath (myelin) that surrounds certain nerve tissues.
		Myelin Sheath Support: Nervous System Support Myelin Sheath Support is a broad-range herbal-nutrient formula that supports your nervous system with traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese botanicals as well as scientifically researched nutrients.
		Myelin Sheath Support delivers panax ginseng in amounts clinically shown to have adaptogenic (anti-stress) effects.
	www.tophealthsupplements.com /sku453692790.html (436 words)

	Myelin Sheath
		The myclin sheath is formed by the spiral wrapping of the cytoplasmic processes of the myelinating cells around axons, and the subsequent extrusion of the cytoplasm leads to a compact, tightly spiraled, multi layered envelope.
		From this it follows that the motion by which the sheath is produced by the myelinating cell may be different in the central and peripheral nervous Systems.
		The outer most lamella of the sheath encloses the outer tongue and this, together with the internal mesaxon, represents the tenuous connections which remain between the fully formed myclin and the myelinating cell.
	psyweb.com /Physiological/Neurons/myelin.jsp (252 words)

	Molecular fats prevent nerve sheath abnormality
		Myelin, which is 30 percent protein and 70 percent lipid – or fat – forms the multi-membrane shield that surrounds nerve axons, hair-like extensions of nerve cells that snake off and make connections with other nerve cells.
		These myelinated connections form the wiring circuitry of both the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system.
		Popko said that the myelin sheath is segmental, containing regularly spaced unmyelinated gaps known as nodes of Ranvier.
	www.unc.edu /news/archives/dec99/myelin121399.htm (751 words)

	Myelin Summary
		As the myelin sheath is stripped from axons, nerve impulses slow throughout the body, and movement becomes slow and difficult.
		Myelinated neurons are white in appearance, hence the "white matter" of the brain.
		Demyelination is the act of demyelinating, or the loss of the myelin sheath insulating the nerves, and is the hallmark of some neurodegenerative autoimmune diseases.
	www.bookrags.com /Myelin (1245 words)

	myelin - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Myelin is a collection of lipid fats and proteins that sheaths the long extensions of nerve cells (neurons) called axons.
		Myelin increases the speed of the transmission by containing the current (as positively charged ions) in a small space surrounding the axon.
		The myelin sheath is broken at intervals called the nodes of Ranvier which are rich in sodium channels.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /myelin.html (470 words)

	NDI Terminology - myelin sheath (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The cylindrical covering on the axons of some neurons; it consists of concentric layers of myelin, formed in the peripheral nervous system by the plasma membrane of Schwann cells, and in the central nervous system by oligodendrocytes.
		It is interrupted at intervals along its length by gaps known as nodes of Ranvier.
		Myelin is an electrical insulator that serves to speed the conduction of nerve impulses.
	www.ndif.org /Terms/myelin_sheath.html (66 words)

	Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease - Overview, Causes - neurologychannel
		In CMT, the myelin coating on motor and sensory nerves gradually deteriorates, resulting in poor transmission of nerve impulses.
		The axon is an elongated structure that conducts signals from the soma to synaptic terminals.
		Axons transmit signals at a constant speed, called nerve conduction velocity (NCV), which is determined by the diameter of the axon and by the thickness of its myelin sheath.
	www.neurologychannel.com /charcot (600 words)

	Measurement of myelin sheath resistances: implications for axonal conduction and pathophysiology -- Funch and Faber 225 ...
		As commonly understood, the myelin sheath of axons insulates the internodal axolemma and essentially restricts transmembrane currents to nodal regions.
		However, recordings obtained from within the myelin sheath showed that its apparent resistance to current generated by action potentials is similar in magnitude to that of the internodal axolemma.
		This suggests that the sheath does not appreciably limit transmembrane current flow, presumably because there is a longitudinal shunt under the myelin and through the paranodal region.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/225/4661/538 (328 words)

	Myelin sheath disorder
		that are predominant in your case of Myelin sheath disorder.
		that you experience in association with your case of Myelin sheath disorder or its symptoms.
		Is your case of Myelin sheath disorder the
	www.vedicvibration.com /apply/neurological/myelin_sheath.html (168 words)

	Excitable Cells
		Where the sheath of one Schwann cell meets the next, the axon is unprotected.
		This autoimmune disorder results in the gradual destruction of myelin sheaths.
		Despite this, transmission of nerve impulses continues for a period as the cell inserts additional voltage-gated sodium channels in portions of the membrane formerly protected by myelin.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/ExcitableCells.html (1244 words)

	Invertebrate Myelin
		Myelin speeds the conduction of nerve impulses by a factor of 10 compared to unmyelinated fibers of the same diameter.
		Nerve impulses in myelinated fibers are generated by ionic current admitted into the fiber interior by voltage-gated channels (principally sodium-selective) in the axonal membrane exposed at the nodes.
		Copepod myelin is compact in the outermost layers of a sheath, but often there is a substantial gap between concentric rings.
	www.pbrc.hawaii.edu /~danh/InvertebrateMyelin/invertebrate_myelin.html (2784 words)

	A Look at Myelin and Myelin-Related Disorders
		Myelin is the protective sheath around axons in the nervous system, and is often referred to as 'white matter.' It acts as an insulator to the electrical signal that is conducted down the axon as a neuron fires, and can well be compared to the insulation around an electrical wire.
		The Myelin Project is currently conducting research on possible myelin regrowth strategies, with the goal to either considerably slow down demyelinating diseases for which there is no cure, or restoring full function for those diseases that do have cures (5).
		Since the chemical make-up of myelin is as complex as it is, and since changes in this make-up seem to lead to different kinds of results, further questions may pose themselves, such as whether the function of myelin in affecting the electrical impulse in the axon is more than merely that of an insulator.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro01/web1/Blumenfeld.html (1129 words)

	MYLEN (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The myelin sheath is the insulating coating of neuron made up largely of fat.
		Because myelin is slippery and wet it increases the speed at which the electrical impulse is carried, thus increasing the velocity of nerve impulse.
		Axons that are myelinated appear white and are therefore referred to as "white matter" (as opposed to "grey matter") in the central nervous system.
	www.miracosta.cc.ca.us /home/sfoster/neurons/mylen.htm (70 words)

	[No title]
		CHAPEL HILL - A study led by scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill points to a group of lipids (fats) that are crucial to proper formation of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers.
		Myelin, which is 30% protein and 70% lipid, forms the multi-membrane shield that surrounds nerve axons, hair-like extensions of nerve cells that snake off and make connections with other nerve cells.
		Popko noted that the myelin sheath is actually segmental, containing regularly spaced unmyelinated gaps known as nodes of Ranvier.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /news/Dec1999/MyelinSheathResearch.html (763 words)

	Myelinization Information on Healthline
		Myelinization is a gradual developmental process whereby a protective, fatty material called myelin wraps around nerve cells in the peripheral and central nervous system.
		The myelin sheath protects the nerve fibers in much the same way as insulation covering electrical wiring.
		Transverse myelitis is a sudden inflammation of the myelin sheath that results in the loss of motor control and sensation below the level of attack.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/myelinization (428 words)

	Myelin-MS, Supplement by Jarrow, Jarrow Formulas nutritional support
		Myelin is an important constituent of the white matter of the brain and an important structural component of all nerve tissue.
		The myelin sheath is a greatly extended and modified plasma membrane that is wrapped around the nerve axon in a spiral fashion.
		Myelin acts as an electrical insulator surrounding the axon, the “wire” carrying the current.
	egetbetter.com /Jarrow-Formulas/jfiDocuments/MYELINMS.htm (245 words)

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