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Topic: Myocardium

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Myocardium
		Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart.
		The myocardium is composed of specialized cardiac muscle cells with an ability not possessed by muscle tissue elsewhere in the body.
		Cardiomyopathies are inherent diseases of the myocardium, many of which are caused by genetic mutations.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Myocardium (403 words)

	Non-compaction of the Left Ventricular Myocardium - From Clinical Obser vation to the Discovery of a New Disease
		Non-compaction of the myocardium is gaining prominence as a rare, distinct cardiomyopathy characterised by the presence of numerous, excessive prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses which communicate with the left ventricular cavity.
		During early embryogenesis, trabeculations emerge in the luminal myocardial layers of the ventricles enabling the myocardium to increase its mass in the absence of epicardial coronary circulation.
		Non-compacted myocardium was previously described as persistent intramyocardial sinusoids; however, the latter are associated with congenital obstructive lesions of the left or right ventricular outflow tract, such as pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.
	www.touchcardiology.com /compaction-left-ventricular-myocardium-a352-1.html (984 words)

	Myocardium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart.
		Electric conduction The blood supply of the myocardium is by the coronary arteries.
		Failure of the heart to contract properly (for various reasons) are termed heart failure, generally leading to fluid retention, oedema, pulmonary oedema, renal insufficiency, hepatomegaly, a shortened life expectancy and decreased quality of life.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Myocardium.html (255 words)

	Enhancement of regional myocardial efficiency and persistence of perfusion, oxidative, and functional reserve with ...
		Enhancement of regional myocardial efficiency and persistence of perfusion, oxidative, and functional reserve with paired pacing of stunned myocardium -- Bergmann et al.
		myocardium that is destined to ultimately fully recover.
		myocardium is characterized by near- normal levels of perfusion and oxygen
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/circulationaha;89/5/2290 (583 words)

	Exercise 12a Cardiovascular System: Myocardium and Heart
		They can be distinguished from the myocardium by their size (they're much larger than regular myocytes) and by their staining (they tend to be more lightly stained than true myocardium).
		When force is exerted by contraction of myocardium, this is the "zero point" against which the force is exerted.When contraction occurs, the different directions of muscle tracts impart a compressive, twisting motion to the heart grossly (you will be able to see this in surgery).
		I hope it hasn't escaped your notice that the entire mass of the myocardium is shot through with blood vessels of varying sizes and shapes, and that there's an extensive degree of vascularization.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab12a/Lab12a.htm (3184 words)

	Dr. Koop - Thallium Stress Test- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Rather, it enters the cells of the myocardium (heart muscle) after it is carried there through the coronary arteries.
		During the scanning, an image is made of the myocardium itself, not of the blood in the ventricle.
		If a portion of the myocardium receives less blood than the rest of the heart, it will receive less tracer and show up on the scan as a lighter area (perfusion defect).
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/43/649.html (697 words)

	s060811a - Heart Failure - Hibernating Myocardium
		Whether hibernating myocardium represents an adaptive response to hypoperfusion in the face of chronic ischemia or whether it is a degenerative process is not entirely clear.
		AIMS: The primary objective of the study is to determine whether the presence of hibernating myocardium predicts the magnitude of improvement in LV ejection fraction in response to carvedilol among patients with heart failure and LV systolic dysfunction due to coronary disease.
		Viable myocardium is located anatomically in the subepicardial layers of the left ventricular wall, above the infarct in the subendocardial layers in the distribution of a stenotic coronary artery.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch06/s060811a.html (7043 words)

	UpToDate Pathophysiology of stunned or hibernating myocardium
		The approach to diagnosis and therapy of hibernation, the clinical syndromes associated with stunned or hibernating myocardium, and the role of nuclear imaging and dobutamine echocardiography to assess myocardial viability are discussed elsewhere.
		— Hibernating myocardium must be distinguished from the stunned myocardium and from transient LV dysfunction that is a result of ischemia induced by stress (eg, exercise, dobutamine).
		In the clinical setting, stunned myocardium may be superimposed on ischemia (including variant angina and during and after coronary revascularization), hibernation, or infarction when blood flow is reestablished [8].
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=chd/46551 (443 words)

	Observing the 1H NMR Signal of the Myoglobin Val-E11 in Myocardium: An Index of Cellular Oxygenation -- Kreutzer et al. ...
		Observing the 1H NMR Signal of the Myoglobin Val-E11 in Myocardium: An Index of Cellular Oxygenation -- Kreutzer et al.
		H NMR signal from oxymyoglobin, a low-concentration diamagnetic protein, is visible in myocardial tissue.
		Carbon monoxide inhibition of regulatory pathways in myocardium
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/89/10/4731 (623 words)

	Hibernating Myocardium -- HEUSCH 78 (4): 1055 -- Physiological Reviews
		short-term hibernating myocardium to dobutamine at the expense
		hibernating myocardium was at the expense of metabolic deterioration
		Not surprisingly, data on the prevalence of hibernating myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease are scanty.
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/78/4/1055 (9216 words)

	Emedicine Search Results for myocardium
		Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive - Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare disease of the myocardium and is the least-encountered...
		Myocarditis, Viral - Myocarditis is an inflammatory disorder of the myocardium with necrosis of the myocytes and associated infl...
		Myocardial Abscess - Myocardial abscess is a suppurative (pus-containing) infection of the myocardium, endocardium, native or pr...
	www.emedicine.com /cgi-bin/foxweb.exe/searchengine@/em/searchengine?boolean=and&book=all&maxhits=100&HiddenURL=&query=myocardium (444 words)

	Hibernating and Stunned Myocardium - Cardiovascular Physiology - Medstudents
		Hibernating myocardium (HM) must be differentited by stunning, although both processes may coexist on clinical grounds (7), and in some instances, it is difficult to say which of them predominates in a individual patient (3).
		Contrast echocardiogram, with microbubbles, is a recent and promising technique.(7) The stress echo is based on the contractile reserve of these viable cells, although HM, because of the loss of the contractile material, may not respond so well as the stunned one (1).
		The usefullness to detect HM comes from the logical point that revascularization should be attempted to reperfuse predominantly viable myocardium, not "dead" tissue.
	www.medstudents.com.br /basic/cardfs/cardfs7.htm (1449 words)

	Conotruncal myocardium arises from a secondary heart field -- Waldo et al. 128 (16): 3179 -- Development
		(C) HNK-1 expression (arrow) in the distal outflow tract myocardium is continuous with the splanchnic mesoderm caudal to the attachment of the outflow tract to the pharynx (arrowhead).
		New outflow tract myocardium is derived from splanchnic mesoderm caudal and adjacent to the outflow.
		(A) HNK-1 expression in the myocardium and dorsal mesocardium at the cardiac inflow tract.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/128/16/3179 (6793 words)

	Reperfused Rat Myocardium Subjected to Various Durations of Ischemia: Estimation of the Distribution Volume of Contrast ...
		and the rim and core of the injured myocardium (Fig 1).
		The normal myocardium (0-minute ischemia, top left) is compact and consists of darkly stained myocytes and intact microvasculature; at electron microscopy (bottom left), it shows abundant contractile bands, mitochondria of normal size, and intact sarcolemma.
		In some areas, the myocardium is less compact, with increased distance between the myocyte bundles, which is suggestive of increased extracellular volume.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/215/2/520 (6483 words)

	CiteULike: Muscarinic regulation of Ca2+ signaling in mammalian atrial and ventricular myocardium. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The differential regulation of the contractility of mammalian atrial and ventricular myocardium upon activation of muscarinic receptors can be ascribed, for the most part, to alterations in intracellular Ca2+ transients.
		During induction of the indirect inhibitory action in mammalian ventricular myocardium, muscarinic receptor stimulation reverses all the effects induced by beta-adrenoceptor stimulation, including the increase in Ca2+ transients, the positive inotropic and lusitropic effects, and the decrease in myofibrillar sensitivity to Ca2+ ions.
		The relationship between the amplitude of Ca2+ transients and force is unaffected during induction of the indirect inhibitory action in rabbit and dog ventricular myocardium.
	www.citeulike.org /user/pgastrein/article/944894 (534 words)

	Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh - Cardiovascular Research
		Embryonic myocardium during the period of primary morphogenesis has a relatively high rate of cell proliferation and optimizes both in vivo myocardial properties and architecture in response to changes in external mechanical loads.
		At the onset of heart beat the embryonic myocardium is composed of inner single endocardial layer, thick acellular extracellular matrix layer (cardiac jerry), and outer thin myocardium.
		The trabecular embryonic myocardium is composed of abundant inner porous trabecular layer and outer thin compact myocardium and the outer compact myocardium gradually increases the mass forming solid mature type myocardium.
	www.chp.edu /centers/03heart_research_eeect_model.php (740 words)

	IL-10 Is Induced in the Reperfused Myocardium and May Modulate the Reaction to Injury -- Frangogiannis et al. 165 (5): ...
		that IL-10 is induced in the ischemic and reperfused myocardium;
		Lymphocytes are the predominant source of IL-10 in the ischemic and reperfused myocardium (1-h ischemia, 5-h reperfusion).
		Absence of IL-12 expression in the ischemic and reperfused myocardium.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/165/5/2798 (5942 words)

	Medical Policy TRANS.00022 \| Autologous Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Damaged Myocardium
		Research into basic scientific and procedural issues, as well as the conduction of clinical outcome studies to determine the safety and efficacy of the techniques, are still in their early development phase.
		Autologous cell transplantation (ACT) for the treatment of damaged myocardium involves the transplantation of various types of cells into a damaged heart with the goal of replacing damaged heart muscle or to assist in the healing process.
		The proposed benefits of ACT for the treatment of damaged myocardium are improved heart function, restored myocardial viability and potentially extended lifespan.
	www.healthlink.com /provider/medpolicy/policies/TRANS/auto_cell_tx_damaged_myocardium.html (1674 words)

	Hibernating myocardium - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In cardiology hibernating myocardium is a state when some segments of the myocardium exhibit abnormalities of contractile function.
		The regions of myocardium are still viable and can restore its function.
		There develops a new steady state between MBF and myo\cardial function, MBF reduced and in consequence function is reduced too.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Hibernating_myocardium (120 words)

	Glucose uptake in normal and ischemically jeopardized myocardium
		The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between glucose uptake and intermediate glucose metabolism in post-ischemic myocardium.
		Viable myocardium in patients with ischemic heart disease was found by Tillisch and co-workers to have an 18 FDG uptake after oral glucose loading equal to or slightly lower than uptake in the myocardium of healthy subjects (Tillisch et al.
		Relative 18 FDG uptake in potentially viable myocardium was normally distributed ranging from 34% to 150% with approximately one third of the myocardial segments having 18 FDG uptake indicative of viable myocardium.
	www.danmedbul.dk /DMB_2005/0205/0205-disputatser/DMB3717.htm (17229 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Ultrastructural analysis of development of myocardium in calreticulin-deficient mice
		Calreticulin KO ventricular myocardium relative to WT is characterized by a lower number of myofibrils at all stages of embryonic development investigated (Fig.
		Such random orientation of the myofibrils is a characteristic of immature myocardium under normal conditions [17].
		The expression of N-cadherin in the developing myocardium, as assessed by Western blotting, gradually increases at pre-trabeculation stage, after which it remains relatively constant [32].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-213X/6/54 (5719 words)

	ESC Congress Reports 2003 - Treatment for viral myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy - who should be treated
		Their experience was that therapy with interferon effectively cleared virus from the myocardium, accompanied with signs of improvement in left ventricular function and symptomatology.
		Dr Keren showed results from other investigators that had found evidence that viruses within the myocardium were in fact associated with a favourable prognosis.
		With immunohistochemistry, inflammatory markers could be detected within the myocardium, giving the opportunity to treat a patient with immunosuppression, immunomodulation or immunoabsorption.
	www.escardio.org /knowledge/congresses/CongressReports/newscast/2003/Andersson_2003_13.htm (501 words)

	Cardiac Application Tips: Cardiac Viability Imaging Using Inversion Time Scout
		The imaging technique is premised on the delayed enhancement and washout of extracellular contrast agents, such as gadolinium chelates, by infarcted myocardium relative to viable myocardium.
		About 10 – 30 min after injection of contrast material, infarcted myocardium will appear slightly hyper-enhanced relative to uninfarcted myocardium, however this difference may be difficult to detect on routine T1-weighted imaging (Figure 1).
		The optimal TI, TI was defined visually as the inversion time at which the uninfarcted myocardium was nulled (Figures 1 and 2).
	www.med.nyu.edu /mri/cardiac/app_tips_viability_inversiontimescout.html (1040 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although blood fills the chambers of the heart, the muscle tissue of the heart, or myocardium, is so thick that it requires coronary blood vessels to deliver blood deep into the myocardium.
		The vessels that supply blood high in oxygen to the myocardium are known as coronary arteries.
		During contraction of the ventricular myocardium (systole), the subendocardial coronary vessels (the vessels that enter the myocardium) are compressed due to the high intraventricular pressures.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=coronary (900 words)

	Myocardium on Find Articles
		Changes in calcium handling in aging myocardium are thought to underly a decrease in cardiac performance.
		Undifferentiated cells in the snail myocardium are capable of DNA synthesis and myodifferentiation.
		ABSTRACT The role of regulatory proteins in the elementary steps of the cross-bridge cycle in bovine myocardium was investigated.
	findarticles.com /p/search?tb=art&qt=Myocardium (551 words)

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