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Topic: Myofibril

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Myofibril
		Myofibrils (obsolete term: sarcostyles) are cylindrical organelles, found within muscle cells.
		In striated muscle, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, the actin and myosin filaments each have a specific and constant length on the order of a few micrometers, far less than the length of the elongated muscle cell (a few millimeters in the case of human skeletal muscle cells).
		The sarcomeric subunits of one myofibril are in nearly perfect alignment with those of the myofibrils next to it.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Myofibril (622 words)

	X-ray diffraction recordings from a single sarcomere within an isolated myofibril — SPring-8 Web Site
		In the earlier diffraction recording from a single myofibril by the same research team (see the topic on Aug. 6, 2002), the specimen contained ~1,000 sarcomeres.
		A suspension of myofibrils was prepared by homogenizing the flight muscle of a bumblebee by using a blender
		To catch a myofibril in the beam, the whole grid was scanned in x and y directions.
	www.spring8.or.jp /en/current_result/press_release/2005/050629 (1148 words)

	3-D Model and Simulation of The Contractile Behavior of An Isolated Cardiac Myocyte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The program allows the user to simply control the contraction cycle in terms of which sarcomeres or myofibrils in the cell are displayed and the number of time intervals in the contraction cycle to be displayed (up to 1000 one-millisecond intervals).
		Purpose of Model: To visualize and simulate the contractile behavior of an isolated heart cell as a bundle of myofibrils each of which is a chain of tandem sarcomeres that shorten and lengthen relative to the cell’s center of mass.
		For example, when the x and y coordinate for the center of a hexagon representing one end of a sarcomere is calculated and drawn, an identical hexagon representing the other end of the sarcomere calculated and drawn but displaced to the right and up.
	www.edcenter.sdsu.edu /cso/paper.html (3493 words)

	Benian Lab : Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We would like to understand the mechanisms by which the muscle contractile apparatus (the myofibril) assembles from its components, and how this precise structure is maintained in the face of repeated muscle activity.
		Myofibrils contain giant polypeptides (700,000 MDa) that consist primarily of Ig, Fn3 and one or two protein kinase domains.
		We are studying two genes, unc-98 and unc-96, which have similar mutant phenotypes: reduced motility and a unique structural defect in their myofibrils.
	www.benianlab.com (184 words)

	Titin-based contribution to shortening velocity of rabbit skeletal myofibrils -- Minajeva et al. 540 (1): 177 -- The ...
		Single myofibrils were rapidly released from a pre-stretched SL by varying step amplitudes sufficient to buckle the specimens; sarcomeres thus went out of focus for a characteristic period of time.
		The temperature of the buffer adjacent to a mounted myofibril was monitored with a thermosensor.
		For comparison, we investigated whether the integrity of titin might be affected by incubation of myofibrils at a temperature of 30 °C in the absence of trypsin, but in the presence of the protease inhibitor leupeptin (the two right lanes in Fig.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/540/1/177 (7687 words)

	Myofibril and sarcoplasmic reticulum changes during muscle development: activity vs inactivity. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The purpose of this study was to determine whether biochemical changes of skeletal muscle that occur as a result of exercise in young rats persist into adulthood.
		Myofibril ATPase activity of rat plantaris increased from the 10d to 12 week animals (P less than 0.05).
		With regard to the exercise-rest rats, the myofibril and SR ATPase activities at 12 weeks were comparable to the 12 weeks control rats.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_2822503.html (260 words)

	Muscle Biochemistry
		Each myofibril is composed of bundles of filamentous contractile proteins, some extending from end to end in the cell.
		Myofibrils are the most conspicuous elements in skeletal myofibers making up about 60% of myofiber protein.
		A single myofibril is composed of many short structural units, known as sarcomeres, which are arranged end to end.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/muscle.html (3467 words)

	Delgado et al., August 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Over 25% of total μ-calpain was bound to myofibrils from at-death muscle, and this increased to ~40% after 1 d postmortem.
		The myofibril-bound calpain degrades desmin, nebulin, titin, and troponin T in the myofibrils, and also releases undegraded α-actinin and undergoes additional autolysis when incubated with Ca ; all these activities occurred slowly considering the amount of myofibril-bound calpain.
		Discovery that a significant proportion of μ-calpain becomes associated with the myofibril during postmortem storage raised an attractive new explanation for the mechanism of postmortem tenderization.
	www.asas.org /jas/abs/2001/a0182097.htm (514 words)

	Measurement of Thin Filament Lengths by Distributed Deconvolution Analysis of Fluorescence Images -- Littlefield and ...
		Myofibrils were stained for fluorescence analysis by spreading a drop of prepared isolated myofibrils on cold coverslips and
		of the myofibril decreased as the myofibril was defocused (Fig.
		Tmod staining for the PLD and cardiac myofibrils was similar to the PM myofibrils.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/82/5/2548 (8957 words)

	NIAMS IRP - Muscle Assembly Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Horowits' research focuses on how myofibrils are assembled and maintained and how force is transmitted from the contractile machinery to the ends of cells, across membranes and beyond the cells.
		Horowits and NIH colleagues published a paper in 1999 exploring N-RAP's potential to anchor the terminal actin filaments of the myofibril to the cell membrane and transmit tension from the myofibril to the extracellular matrix.
		Of the proteins associated with myofibril attachment, N-RAP alone was increased early in development in the DCM-susceptible mice when compared with normal mice, even before the phenotype of DCM became apparent.
	www.niams.nih.gov /rtbc/labs_branches/lmb/mag/index.htm (790 words)

	Muscular System
		The myofibril is the main unit for all muscles.
		Fiber or muscle cells contain several myofibrils that arrange myofilament of two types, thick and thin.
		Myofibrils are made thick and thin myofibrils that alternative rows.
	www.tqnyc.org /NYC040719/muscular_system.htm (685 words)

	LARGE MYO PICT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Near the spreading edge of the cell (far left), alpha-actinin is found in mini-sarcomeric arrays in the premyofibrils.
		In the nascent myofibril, the alpha-actinin-rich Z-bodies have begun to laterally associate, possibly through interaction with titin.
		In the mature myofibril the alpha-actinin containing Z-bodies fuse to form the wide lateral arrays of mature Z-bands; nonmuscle myosin IIB is lost whereas muscle myosin filaments are now aligned into A-bands.
	www.med.upenn.edu /sanger/largemyo.html (126 words)

	Research and Reviews: Beef and Sheep, Special Circular 181-01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Myofibril proteins, whose function is to maintain structural integrity of myofibrils, are involved in intermyofibrillar (desmin and vinculin) and intramyofibrillar (titin, nebulin, and troponin-T) protein.
		Postmortem tenderization of meat is widely hypothesized to be the result of degradation and weakening of the myofibril proteins near the Z-disks (Goll et al., 1992; Kendall et al., 1993; vanden Hemel-Grooten et al., 1997).
		It is possible to explain the process of meat tenderization by analyzing myofibril proteins, because postmortem change in myofibril proteins is one of the main causes of the change in meat structure.
	ohioline.osu.edu /sc181/sc181_6a.html (269 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Jim Brewster - Rep Variation Training!
		The myofibril allows the muscle to sustain a maximum contraction for maximum power and strength; they are actually the fast twitch fibers.
		They basically bathe the myofibril with nutrients such as oxygen, water, amino acids, glucose and creatine.
		Sarcoplasm increases in proportion to increases in the myofibril and mitochondria.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/brewster19.htm (1925 words)

	Hyperplasia
		He was well aware of the debate among scientists as to whether myofibril hyperplasia exists.
		We have no ethical way of proving hyperplasia in vivo because the repeated removal of cells from the same subject on a recurring basis would be invasive and destructive of that individuals healthy muscle function.
		There is an additional cause of myofibril hyperplasia that we may look to for data.
	www.pipeline.com /~bakti/MuscleMaker/hyper.html (4512 words)

	Mutations in the motor domain modulate myosin activity and myofibril organization -- Wang et al. 116 (20): 4227 -- ...
		The organization and number of myofibrils in the cell have increased with a concomitant decrease in the non-striated fluorescence.
		in striated myofibrils, it is readily isolated with the endogenous
		that correlated with the degree of myofibril disorder.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/20/4227 (7862 words)

	Schematic Skeletal Muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Note the organization of the muscle: contractile protein filaments are bundled into myofibrils; bundles of myofibrils are contained in each individual muscle fibre (cell); muscle fibres are bundled to form fascicles and the fascicles are bundled to form the muscle organ.
		The light and dark striations seen with the light microscope are caused by the very orderly arrangement of actin and myosin filaments within each myofibril and the orderly arrangement of the myofibrils within the muscle cell (fibre).
		Note that the I band crosses two sarcomeres, so it is only labelled on the myofibril section (½ of the I band is in each of two sarcomeres).
	www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/210labs/sketchmuscle1.html (323 words)

	BCH 4053 Biochemistry I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Myofibrils are contractile elements that float in the cytoplasm of the muscle cell
		The functional unit of a myofibril is the sarcomere
		Flow of Ca to the sarcomere (myofibril) is via the opening of calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
	wine1.sb.fsu.edu /BCH4053/Lecture31/Lecture31.htm (1393 words)

	Measurement of Nucleotide Exchange Rate Constants in Single Rabbit Soleus Myofibrils during Shortening and Lengthening ...
		The myofibril was held isometric until 3.4 s, then it was allowed to shorten at 0.056 Lo/sec until 5.4 s, before being held isometric again.
		the imposed shortening velocity exceeded 0.2 myofibril length/s.
		The myofibril preparations were bathed in activating solution and induced to shorten or lengthen as described in Figs.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/78/2/918 (4669 words)

	Myofibril Degeneration Caused by Tropomodulin Overexpression Leads to Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Juvenile Mice -- ...
		Myofibril Degeneration Caused by Tropomodulin Overexpression Leads to Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Juvenile Mice
		myocyte and myofibril disarray (7), and fatty infiltration
		to myofibril degeneration, the assembly of nascent myofibrils
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/101/1/51 (5711 words)

	Function of Muscle
		And the reason for that is that the muscle cell is surroundedby a single membrane and this action potential, that we just talkedabout being performed by the neuro muscular junction, that actionpotential is going to spread over the entire membrane of thissingle cell and trigger the action -- trigger the contractionof the cell.
		And this is a myofibril,and there is a myofibril, and there is a myofibril.
		The myofibril is bundlesof thick and thin filaments.
	www.csupomona.edu /~dfhoyt/classes/zoo138/FN_MUSCLE.HTML (8915 words)

	Protein Kinase C-Mediated Desmin Phosphorylation Is Related to Myofibril Disarray in Cardiomyopathic Hamster Heart -- ...
		Protein Kinase C-Mediated Desmin Phosphorylation Is Related to Myofibril Disarray in Cardiomyopathic Hamster Heart -- Huang et al.
		a factor in myofibril disarray in cardiomyopathic cells and
		role in maintaining myofibril alignment in cardiac cells.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/abstract/227/11/1039 (327 words)

	Regulation of mitochondrial respiration in heart cells analyzed by reaction-diffusion model of energy transfer -- ...
		of the myofibril is taken to be 1.0 µm.
		A: ADP concentrations [maximal in core of myofibrils (solid lines) and minimal at boundary between cytoplasm and mitochondria (dashed lines)] were calculated for 1 contraction cycle by use of normal diffusion coefficients (as in water), and average ADP concentrations (dotted lines) were obtained for infinitely fast diffusion in myofibrils [0-dimensional (0D) model].
		myofibrils during the contraction cycle are shown in Fig.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/4/C747 (6103 words)

	Altered diaphragm contractile properties with controlled mechanical ventilation -- Sassoon et al. 92 (6): 2585 -- ...
		In contrast to the C and 3d-CPAP groups, myofibril damage was evident in the 3d-CMV group (Fig.
		early as 10 h and myofibril disruption at 36 h of inactivity.
		Myofibril injury was scattered, and sampling problems may influence its determination.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/92/6/2585 (6139 words)

	Fundamental step size in single cardiac and skeletal sarcomeres -- Yakovenko et al. 283 (3): C735 -- AJP - Cell ...
		Isolated myofibrils were prepared from rabbit left ventricular trabecular muscles as described previously (12).
		Low-speed ramps are shown by solid line (907 steps from 142 sarcomeres in 28 myofibrils); high-speed ramps are shown by shaded line (1,011 steps from 190 sarcomeres in 40 myofibrils).
		Low-speed ramps are shown by shaded line (378 steps from 96 sarcomeres in 26 myofibrils); high-speed ramps are shown by solid line (370 steps from 88 sarcomeres in 14 myofibrils).
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/283/3/C735 (3994 words)

	Specific fluorescent labeling of chicken myofibril Z-line proteins catalyzed by guinea pig liver transglutaminase -- ...
		Specific fluorescent labeling of chicken myofibril Z-line proteins catalyzed by guinea pig liver transglutaminase -- Gard and Lazarides 81 (2): 336 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		dansylcadaverine is specifically localized at or near the myofibril Z line.
		myofibrils, which is resistant to extraction with either 0.6 M KCl or KI.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/81/2/336 (254 words)

	Effects of zero gravity on myofibril content and isomyosin distribution in rodent skeletal muscle -- Baldwin et al. 4 ...
		Effects of zero gravity on myofibril content and isomyosin distribution in rodent skeletal muscle -- Baldwin et al.
		Myofibril yields (mg protein/g muscle) in the VI were
		Myofibril ATPase activity of the VI was increased in the FG compared with controls, which is consistent with the observation of
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/abstract/4/1/79 (547 words)

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