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	Phagocyte NADPH oxidase and NOX
		Phagocyte NADPH oxidase activity depends on complex assembly on the plasma membrane level.
		NADPH oxidase activity is transitory and submitted to a strict up-and-down regulation, which looks different depending on the species.
		A structural and proteomic approach is being used to investigate the partners of oxidase assembly and regulation.
	www-sante.ujf-grenoble.fr /GREPI/phoxnox/phagocyte.htm (392 words)

	Molecular basis for Rac2 regulation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase - Nature Immunology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		NADPH oxidase in phagocytic leukocytes, lymphocytes and nonphagocytic cells generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are involved in the regulation of cellular activities ranging from host defense and inflammation to intracellular signaling and transcription
		Cross, A. and Curnutte, J. The cytosolic factors p47-phox and p67-phox have distinct roles in the regulation of electron flow in NADPH oxidase.
		Freeman, J. and Lambeth, J. NADPH oxidase activity is independent of p47-phox in vitro.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/ni/journal/v2/n3/full/ni0301_211.html (4326 words)

	NADPH in steroidogenic tissues
		Coupling of NADPH oxidation by the mitochondrial P450 systems to steroid hydroxylation, i.e., NADPH is available to the P450 system freely, but its oxidation is dependent on the metabolism of a steroid substrate.
		By analogous mechanisms the synthesis of NADPH may be regulated by enzymes that are sensitive to redox levels of NAD(P), or accompanying changes in the matrix concentration of ions or substrates consumed during NAD(P)H generation.
		The rise in NAD(P)H fluorescence was shown to be of mitochondrial origin as it could be duplicated by the application of amytal, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. This also provided evidence that NADPH was probably generated from NADH by transhydrogenation (40).
	www.science.co.il /hi/pub/1995-ER-21-231.asp (3308 words)

	The Cytosolic Subunit p67phox Contains an NADPH-binding Site that Participates in Catalysis by the Leukocyte NADPH ...
		Correlation with phagocytosis and activation of the NADPH oxidase-mediated respiratory burst.
		Nunoi (1991) Characterization of neutrophil NADPH oxidase factors p47-phox and p67-phox from recombinant baculoviruses.
		Quinn, M.T. Evans, L.R. Loetterle, A.J. Jesaitis, and G.M. Bokoch (1993) Translocation of Rac correlates with NADPH oxidase activation.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/98/4/977 (5538 words)

	HBP1 Repression of the p47phox Gene: Cell Cycle Regulation via the NADPH Oxidase -- Berasi et al. 24 (7): 3011 -- ...
		as pharmacological inhibition of the NADPH oxidase reverses
		increases in intracellular ROS from the NADPH oxidase and underscores
		the expression of the subunits of the NADPH oxidase have not
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/24/7/3011 (7257 words)

	NADPH Oxidase: An Update -- Babior 93 (5): 1464 -- Blood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Provisional mechanism for the activation of the NADPH oxidase by the LRI.
		An NADPH oxidase similar to the one found in phagocytes has been reported to occur in all three layers of the aorta.
		Wallach TM, Segal AW: Stoichiometry of the subunits of flavocytochrome b558 of the NADPH oxidase of phagocytes.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/93/5/1464 (7601 words)

	Role of NADPH oxidase in arsenic-induced reactive oxygen species formation and cytotoxicity in myeloid leukemia cells ...
		from mutations in one of the subunits of NADPH oxidase (19,
		Up-regulation of NADPH oxidase and eosinophil peroxidase expression by arsenic.
		The role of NADPH oxidase in apoptosis is implicated by the
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/13/4578 (3643 words)

	Pentose phosphate pathway
		The main purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is to generate the NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) needed for reductive biosynthetic reactions, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, and the ribose 5-phosphate necessary for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and nucleotide coenzymes.
		The structure of NADPH is similar to that of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) except for the presence of a phosphate group on one of the ribose rings.
		Large amounts of NADPH are used during the reductive biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA.
	www.db.uth.tmc.edu /faculty/alevine/1521_2000/ppp.htm (944 words)

	APStracts 6:0005C, 1999. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We have studied the effects of several inhibitors of NADPH oxidase on the normoxic and hypoxia-induced release of 3H-catecholamine (3H-CA) in an in vitro preparation of intact CB of the rat and rabbit whose CA deposits have been labeled by prior incubation with the natural precursor 3H-tyrosine.
		Concentrations of DPI reported to produce full inhibition of NADPH oxidase in the rat CB did not prevent the hypoxic release response in the rat and rabbit CB chemoreceptor cells, as stimulation with hypoxia in the presence of DPI elicited a response equaling the sum of that produced by DPI and hypoxia applied separately.
		Based upon the effects of neopterin and phenylarsine oxide it is concluded that NADPH oxidase does not appear to play a role in oxygen-sensing or transduction in the rat and rabbit CB chemoreceptor cells in vitro and, in the context of the present study, that DPI effects are not related to NADPH oxidase inhibition.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1999/cell/January/5C.html (294 words)

	The NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase in Barley Thylakoids Is Photoactivatable and Uses NADPH as well as NADH -- Bernhard Teicher ...
		NAD(P)H, were mixed and the NDH activity was activated by illumination.
		of the NADPH oxidation observed in the duroquinone assay.
		TTFA as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidation by isolated thylakoids or by FNR.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/117/2/525?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1082787342659_1072&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&volume=117&firstpage=525&journalcode=plantphysiol (3995 words)

	NADPH oxidase(s): new source(s) of reactive oxygen species in the vascular system? -- Van Heerebeek et al. 55 (8): 561 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pulmonary artery NADPH oxidase is activated in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
		A gp91phox containing NADPH oxidase selectively expressed in endothelial cells is a major source of oxygen radical generation in the arterial wall.
		T polymorphism of NADPH oxidase p22phox gene and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in the Japanese population.
	jcp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/55/8/561 (4860 words)

	Identifying determinants of NADPH specificity in Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases -- Kamerbeek et al. 271 (11): 2107 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		NADPH or NADH consumption by CFE in the presence of 4-hydroxyacetophenone
		with the 2'-phosphate moiety of the NADPH analogue [41].
		NADPH, whereas the activity with NADH was unaffected [36].
	content.febsjournal.org /cgi/content/full/271/11/2107 (4730 words)

	gp91phox Contributes to NADPH oxidase activity in aortic fibroblasts but not smooth muscle cells -- Chamseddine and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Complicating the characterization of the vascular NADPH oxidase
		Activation of NADPH oxidase by phorbol ester increased intracellular
		Role of NADPH oxidase in the vascular hypertrophic and oxidative stress response to angiotensin II in mice.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/6/H2284 (2540 words)

	Diphenyleneiodonium sulfate, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, prevents early alcohol-induced liver injury in the rat -- Kono ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Diphenyleneiodonium sulfate, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, prevents early alcohol-induced liver injury in the rat -- Kono et al.
		These data are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidants from NADPH oxidase play an important role in early alcohol-induced liver injury.
		NADPH oxidase signal transduces angiotensin II in hepatic stellate cells and is critical in hepatic fibrosis
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/5/G1005 (4193 words)

	BIOLOGY OF CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE
		Thyroid hormone stimulation of NADPH P450 reductase expression in liver and extrahepatic tissues.
		Transcriptional induction of hepatic NADPH: cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase by thyroid hormone.
		NADPH cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase gene: identification and characterization of the promoter region.
	www.uky.edu /Pharmacy/ps/porter/CPR_biology.htm (1037 words)

	Critical Role for Microglial NADPH Oxidase in Rotenone-Induced Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons -- Gao et al. 23 ...
		was attributed to the release of NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide
		NADPH oxidase may be a promising target for PD treatment.
		NADPH Oxidase Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Neurotoxicity and Proinflammatory Gene Expression in Activated Microglia
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/23/15/6181 (412 words)

	The gp91phox Component of NADPH Oxidase Is Not a Voltage-gated Proton Channel -- DeCoursey et al. 120 (6): 773 -- The ...
		The gp91phox Component of NADPH Oxidase Is Not a Voltage-gated Proton Channel -- DeCoursey et al.
		Superoxide generation by the electrogenic NADPH oxidase of human neutrophils is limited by the movement of a compensating charge.
		Translocation of Rac correlates with NADPH oxidase activation: evidence for equimolar translocation of oxidase components.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/120/6/773 (2801 words)

	The Cytosolic Subunit p67phox Contains an NADPH-binding Site that Participates in Catalysis by the Leukocyte NADPH ...
		The NADPH-dependent respiratory burst oxidase of human neutrophils catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to superoxide using NADPH as the electron donor and is essential for normal host defenses.
		-dialdehyde derivative of NADPH (NADPH dialdehyde) and neutrophil cytosol.
		NADPH dialdehyde treatment of cytosol resulted in the loss of the ability of the cytosol to participate in cell-free oxidase activation; this inactivation was blocked by NADPH but not by NAD, NADP, or GTP.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/abstract/98/4/977 (689 words)

	Identification of Cytochrome P450-Reductase as the Enzyme Responsible for NADPH-Dependent Lucigenin and Tetrazolium ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After establishing a background rate for 10 min, NADPH was added as indicated and the increase in lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence was measured.
		NADPH fluorescence was measured in a spectrofluorometer using 340 and 460 nm for excitation and emission, respectively.
		The presence of an NADPH oxidase in spermatozoa, not dissimilar
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/71/1/307 (5607 words)

	The Crystal Structure of Shikimate Dehydrogenase (AroE) Reveals a Unique NADPH Binding Mode -- Ye et al. 185 (14): 4144 ...
		The NADPH binding domain is shown in green at the top, the catalytic domain is shown in red at the bottom, and NADPH is shown in a ball-and-stick representation.
		Red, AroE molecule in complex with NADPH; green, AroE molecule A in apo structure; blue, molecule B in apo structure.
		B of the apo enzyme and the NADPH complex, respectively.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/185/14/4144 (2862 words)

	Effects of NADH and NADPH on superoxide levels and cerebral vascular tone -- Didion and Faraci 282 (2): 688 -- AJP - ...
		The response to NADH and NADPH is expressed as percent relaxation compared with histamine-induced precontraction.
		NADPH is mediated by superoxide because Tiron was efficacious
		NADH and NADPH to the cyctoplasm is necessary for oxidase activity.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/2/H688 (5154 words)

	Selected references on NADPH:P450 reductases
		Fujii, H. and Kakinuma, K. Electron transfer reactions in the NADPH oxidase system of neutrophils - involvement of an NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in the oxidase system.
		Murataliev, M.B. and Feyereisen, R. Mechanism of cytochrome P450 reductase from the house fly: evidence for an FMN semiquinone as electron donor.
		O'Leary, K.A., Beck, T.W. and Kasper, C.B. NADPH cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase gene: identification and characterization of the promoter region.
	www.icgeb.trieste.it /~p450srv/CPR_reviews.html (732 words)

	NADPH oxidase inhibition does not interfere with low PO2 transduction in rat and rabbit CB chemoreceptor cells -- Obeso ...
		NADPH oxidase inhibition does not interfere with low PO2 transduction in rat and rabbit CB chemoreceptor cells -- Obeso et al.
		NADPH oxidase inhibition does not interfere with low P
		The aim of the present work was to elucidate the role of NADPH oxidase in hypoxia sensing and transduction in the carotid
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/276/3/C593 (447 words)

	W0187: Perturbations of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase: Implications for Pi-Pi Orbital Overlap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As with NOS, CPR catalyses the transfer of electrons from NADPH to a catalytic heme center using both flavins as transducers from a two-electron reduction step to two one-electron reduction steps.
		Upon deletion of the last two residues, W677 and S678, the nicotinamide moiety is seen to stack against the isoalloxazine ring of FAD, suggesting hydride transfer from the C4 atom of NADPH to the N5 atom of FAD, as is seen or postulated in a number of related flavoproteins.
		We concluded that the aromatic ring of W677 functions in regulating binding affinity of the nicotinamide substrate.
	www.hwi.buffalo.edu /ACA/ACA00/abstracts/text/W0187.html (346 words)

	Activation of NADPH Oxidase During Progression of Cardiac Hypertrophy to Failure -- Li et al. 40 (4): 477 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		of phagocyte-type NADPH oxidase in LV myocardium in an experimental
		NADPH oxidase activity is paralleled by activation of the redox-sensitive
		NADPH oxidase in the myocardium in pressure overload LVH and
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/40/4/477 (4023 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
		Red blood cells are almost solely dependent on blood glucose as a source of energy.
		NADPH plays an important role in maintaining the proper 3-dimensional structure of proteins in the cell membranes and also in maintaining hemoglobin in the reduced state.
		The biochemical pathway needed for the generation of NADPH requires the enzyme G6PD.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003671.htm (739 words)

	gp91* is a new member of the NOX family of NADPH oxidase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The NADPH oxidase enzyme complex is composed of five subunits: gp91
		The gp91 component of NADPH oxidase is believed to be responsible for its main enzymatic function.
		In this study a novel isoform of the gp91 subunit of NADPH oxidase, gp91*, was identified encoding a short protein with a high level of homology to other NOX family members.
	www.med.miami.edu /mnbws/Heidari56.html (615 words)

	Morphological and Biochemical Investigation of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Related Enzymes in the Rat and Pig Urothelium ...
		In rats, the urothelium was uniformly immunoreactive for NADPH
		Norris PJ, Hardwick JP, Emson PC (1994) Localization of NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase in rat brain by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and a comparison with the distribution of neuronal NADPH-diaphorase staining.
		Saffrey MJ, Hassall CJS, Moules EW, Burnstock G (1994) NADPH diaphorase and nitric oxide synthase are expressed by the majority of intramural neurons in the neonatal guinea pig urinary bladder.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/47/6/739 (4192 words)

	Simultaneous activation of NADPH oxidase-related proton and electron currents in human neutrophils -- DeCoursey et al. ...
		Simultaneous activation of NADPH oxidase-related proton and electron currents in human neutrophils -- DeCoursey et al.
		Generation of reactive oxygen species by the NADPH oxidase complex is an important bactericidal weapon of phagocytes.
		Activation of NAD(P)H oxidase by outward movements of H+ ions in renal medullary thick ascending limb of Henle
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/97/12/6885 (714 words)

	Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Chem4520 Metabolic Processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)*
		Head to tail condensations forming farnesyl pyrophosphate each break a pyrophosphate ester bond, and will be driven by the low concentration of inorganic pyrophosphate.
		The cyclization to lanosterol is an unknown quantity energy-wise, but it's initiated by opening an strained 3-member epoxide ring, which should make a significantly favourable energy contribution.
		Demethylations involve t wo steps reducing O atoms by NADPH, then the reduction of the resulting C=C bond after formate elimination, likely to be favourable.
	www.chembio.uoguelph.ca /educmat/chm452/answers6.htm (538 words)

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