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Topic: NAFTA

Related Topics

North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

North American Free Trade Agreement

Free Trade Area of the Americas

Trade bloc

Free trade

Central American Free Trade Agreement

Free trade area

Trade pact

International trade

Factor price equalization

Economy of Canada

Globalization

WTO

Andean Pact

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	North American Free Trade Agreement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		NAFTA is also used to refer to the tripartite trading bloc of North American countries.
		NAFTA has been accompanied by a dramatic increase of illegal immigration from Mexico to the United States; presumably, a significant fraction of these people are farmers forced off their land by bankruptcy.
		Since NAFTA was signed, it has been difficult to analyze its macroeconomic effects due to the large number of other factors in the global economy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NAFTA (1674 words)

	NAFTA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The NAFTA agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada was signed by President George Bush (the senior) in 1992.
		Like the FTAA, NAFTA advocates titled their measure to mislead the public into believing falsely that the agreement was principally concerned with lowering tariffs and promoting free trade within a growing prosperity zone.
		Although NAFTA was promoted as a "free trade" agreement among the nations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, it has much more to do with economic integration and eventual political merger than it does with free trade.
	www.stoptheftaa.org /ftaa/nafta.html (756 words)

	Public Citizen \| Publications - NAFTA Chapter 11 Investor-to-State Cases: Bankrupting Democracy
		In one NAFTA case, a huge Canadian funeral conglomerate called the Loewen Group is using NAFTA's investor protections to, in effect, "reverse" a Mississippi jury s ruling in favor of a small funeral home operator who sued the conglomerate for breech of contract.
		Remarkably, the NAFTA tribunal in the Loewen case has ruled that not only is a Mississippi jury award in a contract case a legitimate target of a corporate suit under NAFTA, but to date the panel has placed no limits on what types of court decisions could be open to challenge.
		The Preamble of NAFTA states that countries will undertake their obligations in a manner "consistent with environmental protection and conservation." Further language in Article 1114 of the investment chapter purports to protect the environment, and prevent a race to the bottom in environmental standards.
	www.citizen.org /publications/release.cfm?ID=7076 (4685 words)

	NAFTA & Environmental Laws: The Case of Canada and Ethyl Corp. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		NAFTA requires member countries to compensate investors when their property is "expropriated" or when governments take measures "tantamount to expropriation." Ethyl claims that the MMT ban constitutes such an expropriation.
		Under NAFTA’s investment chapter, for the first time in a multilateral trade or investment agreement, corporations are granted "private legal standing" or the ability to sue governments directly and to seek monetary damages.
		The likelihood that NAFTA, and other agreements like it, could restrict the ability of democratically elected governments to legislate on such matters as public health and safety and environmental protection was downplayed by many advocates of the agreement.
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/envronmt/ethyl.htm (1613 words)

	TAP: Vol 14, Iss. 7. How NAFTA Failed Mexico. Jeff Faux. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		NAFTA proponents, on the other hand, claimed that merely opening Mexico to free trade and unregulated foreign investment would produce the job growth and rising incomes needed to create a stay-at-home middle class.
		Indeed, NAFTA is the nation-building template imposed on developing countries by recent corporate-dominated U.S. administrations and their client international finance agencies.
		NAFTA is not the cause of all Mexico's economic troubles, but it has clearly made them worse.
	www.prospect.org /print/V14/7/faux-j.html (2315 words)

	NAFTA
		NAFTA includes two important side agreements on environmental and labor issues that extend into cooperative efforts to reconcile policies, and procedures for dispute resolution between the member states.
		NAFTA is known in French as ALENA (Accord de libre-échange nord américain), and in Spanish as TLC (Tratado de libre comercio) or TLCAN (Tratado de libre comercio de américa del norte).
		NAFTA was preceded by an agreement between Canada and the United States called the U.S-Canada Free-Trade Agreement (FTA) which was effective on January 1, 1989, and is now suspended due to NAFTA.
	www.law.duke.edu /lib/researchguides/nafta.html (1149 words)

	NAFTA - Dossier documents on policy issues
		The NAFTA was negotiated in 1991 and 1992; side agreements on labor and environmental matters were completed in 1993; the agreements were approved by the respective legislatures in late 1993; and the agreements went into force on Jan. 1, 1994.
		NAFTA is broad in scope and incorporates a level of disciplines.
		The NAFTA and its agreements provide a comprehensive framework of rules that seek to reduce or eliminate trade barriers while promoting worker rights and enhancing environment protection across North America.
	www.usembassy-mexico.gov /bbf/bfdossier_NAFTA.htm (351 words)

	NAFTA 3.5 Years Afta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In fact, the main features of NAFTA establish a comprehensive set of rules that guarantees to multinational manufacturers that their plants in these countries will be protected and that they will have unlimited, free access to the U.S. retail markets for their products.
		NAFTA has led to a sharply increased flight of manufacturing from the U.S. to Mexico where there is an abundance of capable workers who learn very rapidly and whose wages were only one-seventh of the wages of American workers doing the same job.
		The NAFTA Lobby points to the strong increase in goods exported to Mexico as proof of the benefits of NAFTA to the U.S. The facts are that only 7% of the goods imported by Mexico in 1995 were consumer goods purchased by Mexicans.These were more than 20% below the pre-NAFTA levels.
	www.siliconv.com /trade/tradepapers/naftaafta.html (2120 words)

	NAFTA : Trade Agreements : Learn About Trade : Trade Matters : AFSC
		NAFTA promised to increase the competitiveness of the region in relation to the rest of the world and increase jobs and prosperity in all three nations, but the evidence points to the contrary.
		NAFTA is not responsible for all of the economic and social ills in North America.
		One of the most controversial and troubling aspects of NAFTA is the "investor rights" clause, or Chapter 11, which permits NAFTA governments to be sued directly by foreign investors who claim future profits were interrupted by public-interest laws.
	www.afsc.org /trade-matters/trade-agreements/NAFTA.htm (1052 words)

	nafta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		NAFTA Labor Secretariat Professor Kate Bronfenbrunner of Cornell University reported that over one half of companies surveyed had used the threat of moving to Mexico when confronted with union organization attempts.
		Considering that many of the proponents of NAFTA had self interest as their goal, it is likely that they had not made environmental loss compensation a major consideration.
		Even if the consensus is that NAFTA was not a contributing factor to the crisis, we must ask why the expected gains of NAFTA allowed Mexico to have such a hard fall.
	my.execpc.com /~squall1/nafta/nafta.html (3233 words)

	Public Citizen \| NAFTA - North America Free Trade Agreement - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
		NAFTA promoters - including many of the world’s largest corporations - promised it would create hundreds of thousands of new high-wage U.S. jobs, raise living standards in the U.S., Mexico and Canada, improve environmental conditions and transform Mexico from a poor developing country into a booming new market for U.S. exports.
		NAFTA was a radical experiment - never before had a merger of three nations with such radically different levels of development been attempted.
		NAFTA required limits on the safety and inspection of meat sold in our grocery stores; new patent rules that raised medicine prices; constraints on your local government’s ability to zone against sprawl or toxic industries; and elimination of preferences for spending your tax dollars on U.S.-made products or locally-grown food.
	www.citizen.org /trade/nafta (619 words)

	USATODAY.com - 10 years ago, NAFTA was born (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		NAFTA backers and bashers alike have made herculean efforts to quantify the impact of NAFTA on jobs, income, living standards, growth, labor rights and environmental quality.
		NAFTA success claims are bogus, insists the Institute for Policy Studies, an anti-globalization think thank.
		Lindsey says NAFTA backers got trapped by foes' doomsday rhetoric and made the mistake of claiming it would "create jillions of U.S. jobs." The true beneficiary all along was to be Mexico, stuck in poverty and looking to draw more trade and investment from its big, rich neighbors, he says.
	www.usatoday.com /money/economy/trade/2003-12-31-nafta_x.htm (818 words)

	Peace, order and good government, eh?: We could have told them that
		Nafta Tribunals Stir U.S. Worries After the highest court in Massachusetts ruled against a Canadian real estate company and after the United State Supreme Court declined to hear its appeal, the company's day in court was over.
		Under the Nafta agreement the government whose court system is challenged is responsible for awards by the tribunals.
		Abner Mikva, a former chief judge of the federal appeals court in Washington and a former congressman, is one of the three Nafta judges considering the Mississippi case.
	www.pogge.ca /archives/000372.shtml (841 words)

	PPI: The NAFTA: Fulfilling Its Promise
		Today we find that despite NAFTA's reduced tariff barriers and an economic crisis in Mexico in 1995 that lowered the value of the peso and made Mexican labor comparatively even cheaper, the United States has not lost even a small fraction (1/40th) of the 6 million jobs that Ross Perot predicted.
		Through the vehicle of trade liberalization and for sound commercial reasons, NAFTA has introduced to Mexico principles of transparency, the right to appeal government decisions, public access to information, and other processes that are the foundations of open, pluralistic and democratic societies.
		The fundamental conclusion we should draw from NAFTA is clear: The prospect of increased trade without the kinds of guidelines, safeguards, and predictability epitomized in NAFTA should be far more alarming to the American people than the proposal to initiate new trade negotiations.
	www.ppionline.org /ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=127&contentID=1786 (3303 words)

	North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
		The House of Representatives approved NAFTA, by a vote of 234 to 200 on November 17, 1993, and the Senate voted 60 to 38 for approval on November 20.
		NAFTA also marks the first time in the history of U.S. trade policy that environmental concerns have been directly addressed.
		NAFTA and African-American employment in the United States.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0104566.html (536 words)

	Notes of NAFTA: The Masters of Man
		NAFTA is an executive agreement, reached on August 12, 1992, just in time to become a major issue in the U.S. presidential campaign.
		In such ways, we approach the long-sought ideal: formal democratic procedures that are devoid of meaning, as citizens not only do not intrude into the public arena but scarcely have an idea of the policies that will shape their lives.
		NAFTA "will have the effect of prohibiting democratically elected bodies at [all] levels of government from enacting measures deemed inconsistent with the provisions of the agreement," the L.A.C. report continues, including those on the environment, workers' rights, and health and safety, all open to challenge as "unfair restraint of trade."
	www.zmag.org /chomsky/articles/9303-nation-nafta.html (1875 words)

	ERS/USDA Briefing Room - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
		NAFTA progressively eliminates most tariff and nontariff barriers to trade between these countries over a transition period that began on January 1, 1994 and concludes on January 1, 2008.
		NAFTA at 11: The Growing Integration of North American Agriculture provides additional information on this subject, as it relates to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
		U.S.-Mexico agricultural trade was the subject of a paper by ERS economist Steven Zahniser at a conference entitled Doha, NAFTA, and California Agriculture on January 13, 2006, in Sacramento, California.
	www.ers.usda.gov /Briefing/NAFTA (911 words)

	Broken Promises
		NAFTA proponents often play down the numbers of people thrown out of work by "free trade" policies, arguing that it's more important that the jobs created are in export sectors that pay higher-than-average wages.
		This kind of in-depth exploration of NAFTA's actual impact on real communities is just what was missing from most of mainstream coverage, which generally presents the issue as claims and counterclaims, facts be damned.
		Most disturbing is that while establishment media's coverage of NAFTA's effects sidestepped critics' substantive concerns and ignored myriad issues that cry out for investigation, these outlets were also clamoring for President Clinton to be given "fast track" authority to negotiate even further-reaching trade pacts (involving Chile and other countries) with limited discussion.
	www.fair.org /index.php?page=1396 (2128 words)

	NAFTA
		The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico that’s goal is to eliminate all trade barriers between the nations within fifteen years of initial employment (January 1, 1994).
		NAFTA is an extension of this free trade zone primarily focused to remove the trade barriers between Mexico and its two northern neighbors.
		Some feared that with the implementation of NAFTA there would be a “great sucking sound” of American manufacturing jobs being moved to Mexico due to its inexpensive labor.
	www.rose-hulman.edu /Class/hu/Christ/va199/intltrade/schedule.htm (224 words)

	VDARE.com: 01/14/03 - NAFTA Negatives: American Agribusiness Displacing Mexican Peasants
		Discontent with NAFTA is growing on both sides of the border.
		Since NAFTA came into effect, the Mexican pork industry has lost 30% of its revenues due to the importation of cheaper pork.
		In the decade since NAFTA came into effect, the Mexican government has done little to prepare farmers to be competitive with American agribusinesss.
	www.vdare.com /awall/nafta.htm (718 words)

	National Aerobics & Fitness Trainers Association [NAFTA]
		NAFTA is an education and training organization for fitness professionals.
		NAFTA is dedicated to offering certification programs and continuing education that teach concepts and theories of health and fitness.
		Published by NAFTA, the American Journal of Health and Fitness is a professional peer-reviewed Internet-based journal dedicated to the working professional for the purpose of translating scientific knowledge into potential application.
	www.nafta1.com (235 words)

	ZNet Commentary: NAFTA and Remittances
		The argument put forth was that NAFTA would boost Mexican growth, which would create jobs and with more jobs Mexicans wouldn’t need to seek work in the U.S. The logic seems reasonable so long as NAFTA creates jobs.
		NAFTA did create hundreds of thousands of (Maquiladora) jobs, mostly in the north of the country.
		After a decade of NAFTA the remittances from increased economic migration, which NAFTA was supposed to curb, is what’s keeping the Mexican economy afloat.
	www.zmag.org /sustainers/content/2004-01/20engler.cfm (1122 words)

	Marketplace's "After NAFTA" series
		There is no doubt that NAFTA has been successful in increasing trade, but in almost every other aspect -- jobs, the environment, and legal and economic integration -- there has been bitter disagreement.
		He says the consumer is the big winner from NAFTA because reducing tariffs and sourcing parts abroad has lowered prices and created more consumer choice.
		Jocelyn Ford explains how NAFTA caused an American golf equipment manufacturer to take his business to Mexico, but how the trade pacts that came in NAFTA's wake have meant the company is on the move again.
	marketplace.publicradio.org /features/nafta (1040 words)

	TN work permits under NAFTA
		NAFTA permits simplified entry into the United States by Canadian citizens to work in certain professional occupations identified by the agreement.
		While there are many NAFTA categories, NAFTA does not entitle all Canadians to work in the U.S. If you do not fit in a TN category, there may be another category available to you such as H-1B, H-2B, L, or J.
		Finally, NAFTA is the basis for admitting Canadian investors in the E category.
	www.allhod.com /nafta.shtml (940 words)

	TRADE: North American Deal Dismal After a Decade
		But NAFTA's real-life damage to jobs, wages and the environment after 10 years has made many people in North America furious about the trade policies the deal was built upon (policies that provide the foundation for subsequent agreements such as the forthcoming Free Trade Area of the Americas, FTAA).
		NAFTA rules also limit each country's domestic policies to deal with issues ranging from environmental health and food safety to banking and truck safety regulation.
		NAFTA was also promoted as a route to good jobs and improved living conditions, especially via maquiladoras, companies that are permitted to operate duty-free in nations that provide them with cheap labour -- in the NAFTA case, U.S. firms setting up in Mexico.
	www.ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=21711 (1360 words)

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