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Topic: NATO stabilization force

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	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Spring 1999
		NATO ultimately agreed to designate a political adviser, and by the third extension of NATO's mandate in Bosnia in the summer of 1998, the value of a senior civilian adviser who could assist the commander in analyzing and shaping the political environment was firmly established.
		The Stabilization Force Commander, as the theater commander of the NATO-led multinational peacekeeping operation, is at the center of the political-military interface on a daily basis.
		NATO has given him the mandate to influence Bosnia's political environment in positive ways.[7] Uniquely positioned to exercise coercive diplomacy, his most pressing challenge is to employ military capabilities creatively to induce political compliance with international agreements from ethnic-based governments that do not consider compliance to be in their best interests.
	carlisle-www.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/99spring/lange.htm (7210 words)

	NATO's Role in Bosnia and Herzegovina
		On December 2, 2004, the nine-year NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina concluded successfully.
		NATO’s intervention in the Bosnia conflict--using force for the first time in Alliance history--led to the Dayton Accords and put an end to a costly and destructive conflict in the heart of Europe.
		Today, NATO forces are benefiting from their experience in Bosnia as they carry out their missions in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
	www.state.gov /p/eur/rls/fs/39436.htm (467 words)

	News from the USIA Washington File
		We agree that Russia and NATO should work together to see that war is finally and forever banished from the European continent.
		We agree that our cooperation in SFOR [NATO-led Stabilization Force in Bosnia] has achieved encouraging results, for the cause of partnership between NATO and Russia no less than for the cause of peace in Bosnia.
		NATO will develop a range of options for a possible follow-on force in consultation with Russia and other partners.
	www.fas.org /man/nato/offdocs/us_97/97121702_wpo.html (832 words)

	General Accounting Office
		NATO would deploy the unit immediately; the unit's work would be finished when those refugees and displaced persons who want to go home are afforded an opportunity to do so.
		While NATO has established aims or objectives that are similar to those set by the civilian side of the Bosnia peace operation, NATO has not yet fully developed specific criteria for determining when conditions will have been achieved that would allow SFOR units to draw down or withdraw.
		While NATO has further defined the conditions to be achieved in Bosnia, it has not yet established criteria that would link improvements in specific conditions to a drawdown or withdrawal of NATO forces from Bosnia.
	www.fas.org /man/gao/nsiad-99-019.htm (10119 words)

	Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina - SFOR - Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		2 Dec. - A ceremony in Sarajevo on 2 December marked the historic conclusion of the NATO-led Stabilisation Force (SFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the launch of the European Union’s follow-on EUFOR.
		As a result of SFOR restructuring a new type of unit was introduced within the framework of Multi National Task Forces.
		The Liaison and Observation Team (LOT) is a group of soldiers who live not in military camp but in civilian accommodation among the local population providing the dynamic, responsive and locally-based 'public face' of SFOR.
	www.nato.int /sfor (591 words)

	Operation Joint Forge
		On 20 June 1998 the NATO-led Stabilization Force in Bosnia-Herzegovina transitioned to a slightly smaller follow-on force.
		The NATO-led Stabilisation Force was brought to a succesful conclusion almost exactly nine years since NATO deployed forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina in what was the Alliance’s first peacekeeping operation.
		NATO adopted the benchmarks last May as part of its approval of the Stabilization Force military operations plan.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/joint_forge.htm (2002 words)

	Chief of the Defence Staff - Annual Report 1999-2000
		As a result, temporary quarters were set up at numerous Canadian Forces Bases, and an airlift of refugees was begun in early May. The refugees remained in Canada, receiving the care and attention needed to regain their strength and health, until it was safe for them to return home.
		The mandate of the force was to create a safe environment that would permit the return of the Kosovar refugees and the re-establishment of a functional economy.
		The 1,350-strong Canadian task force — which includes a battle group, support and command element — is supporting the United Nations in deterring hostilities, establishing a secure environment, and monitoring the peace, as part of NATO's Stabilization Force.
	www.cds.forces.gc.ca /pubs/anrpt/intnl_e.asp (634 words)

	CNN.com - NATO troops launch manhunt in Bosnia - Jan. 10, 2004
		NATO forces launched a "large-scale operation" Saturday morning in Bosnia to hunt for a wanted war crimes suspect, according to a spokesman with the NATO Stabilization Force.
		The move by NATO is part of its stepped-up campaign to bring the wartime Bosnian Serb leader and genocide suspect to trial.
		The NATO force failed to find Mladic during a raid on his mother's house after she died in August 2003.
	edition.cnn.com /2004/WORLD/europe/01/10/bosnia.manhunt/index.html (416 words)

	98167. NATO Strategic Reserve to Train in Bosnia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		By Linda D. Kozaryn American Forces Press Service MONS, Belgium -- About 1,800 troops from six nations, part of the 5,000-strong strategic reserve of the NATO Stabilization Force, will soon train in Bosnia for the first time.
		NATO designated units from the United States, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Turkey as the strategic reserve in February 1997.
		The troops will become familiar with the territory and practice communications among their six nations and the stabilization force.
	permanent.access.gpo.gov /lps22/9803242.html (293 words)

	NATO Email Series
		NATO is relinquishing its main duties in Bosnia-Herzegovina[1] to the European Union just as the alliance has been reinforcing its efforts in Afghanistan and taken more steps toward engagement in the reconstruction of Iraq.
		Yet while NATO is moving its troops further eastward, the center of gravity in NATO policy-making is still firmly placed in the United States with either mixed support of, or frustrated disengagement from, these policies by the rest of the alliance.
		While NATO spokesman James Appathurai says that, “NATO regards its operation in Afghanistan a success and intends to expand its role in ISAF, and especially in PRT missions,”[74] it should be noted that some civilian aid agencies have had difficulties in their relations with military forces working in the PRTs.
	www.basicint.org /update/NATO041209.htm (5704 words)

	RPC Leg Notice No. 55
		Although NATO is an alliance of equals, it is generally understood that the decision of the United States Senate will be the key to whether the expansion proceeds as planned.
		The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established in 1949 as an alliance for common self-defense among democratic, free-market countries in Europe and North America in response to the Soviet occupation and communization of most of Central and Eastern Europe at the end of World War II.
		NATO expansion was endorsed in the 1994 House Republican Contract with America and the 1996 Republican Platform, as well as in several statements by the Senate and the House of Representatives.
	www.senate.gov /~rpc/releases/1998/NATO.htm (3850 words)

	Soldiers Online - Feature Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Since NATO's inception, U.S. service members have worked side-by-side with their alliance counterparts to guard international borders during the Cold War, to improve interoperability during countless multinational training exercises and, most recently, to bring peace to the troubled Balkans.
		NATO is expanding in the wake of the Cold War, opening the door to new members and taking on more partners to meet the defense needs of a new era.
		Greece and Turkey joined NATO in 1952, followed by West Germany in 1955, and Spain became the 16th member nation in 1982.
	www.army.mil /Soldiers/apr1999/features/afisnato1.html (491 words)

	Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798 - 2004
		Naval forces of the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands compelled Japan and the Prince of Nagato in particular to permit the Straits of Shimonoseki to be used by foreign shipping in accordance with treaties already signed.
		US forces protected passengers and treasure in transit at Aspinwall during the absence of local police or troops on the occasion of the death of the President of Colombia.
		US forces were used to guard the valuables in transit over the Panama Railroad, and the safes and vaults of the company during revolutionary activity.
	www.history.navy.mil /library/online/forces.htm (12654 words)

	Karadzic's bodyguard captured by NATO
		Once the NATO force has completed its questioning of Jankovic, he is likely to be turned over to Bosnian authorities, Bower said.
		NATO said the capture was the result of information gained about three weeks ago in the town of Pale, when another person close to Karadzic was taken into custody.
		NATO force authorities believe Karadzic is hiding somewhere in the Republic of Srpska, the Bosnian Serb territory within Bosnia-Herzegovina.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1067212/posts (2593 words)

	Canadian Forces - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The CF reserve force comprises the Primary and Supplementary Reserves, the Canadian Rangers and the Cadet Instructor Cadre and is represented, though not commanded, at the national level by the Chief of Reserves and Cadets (a Major General or Rear Admiral).
		The CF maintains a "total force" policy as outlined in the 1994 Defence White Paper, where reservists are (in theory) trained to the level of and interchangeable with their regular force counterparts.
		As of April 2006, Canadian Forces are in operations throughout the world, as part of Canada's obligations to NATO and the United Nations, as well as in support of its international allies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canadian_Forces (5437 words)

	NATO forces continue search for Karadzic, other war crimes suspects
		NATO forces in Bosnia continued their large-scale hunt Sunday for an unnamed war crimes suspect in the stronghold of fugitive former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic.
		While the NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) declined to name who the troops were hunting, spokesman Mathew Brock said that Karadzic was "of course the main person indicted for war crimes SFOR was assisting local authorities to find."
		On the second day of the operation soldiers of the NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) surrounded and were searching with dogs the house of Karadzic's wife Ljiljana.
	www.spacewar.com /2004/040111110825.eef8e9tx.html (446 words)

	Air Force Link - Operation Joint Forge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) transitioned to a slightly smaller force June 10, 1998.
		The majority of the U.S. forces are in northeast Bosnia, in the Multinational Division North (MND-N) sector.
		NATO's aim is to achieve a secure environment to ensure peace in Bosnia-Herzegovina without the presence of a NATO-led military force.
	www.af.mil /airforceoperationscenter/operationjointforge.asp (369 words)

	USEU : Article
		On December 2, the NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina concluded successfully.
		However, NATO and the United States will continue to maintain a presence in that country.
		NATO's intervention in the Bosnia conflict -- using force for the first time in Alliance history -- led to the Dayton Accords and put an end to a costly and destructive conflict in the heart of Europe.
	useu.usmission.gov /Article.asp?ID=0531848A-8779-44B7-8849-D13B25472225 (477 words)

	DND/CF : News Room : Archives
		OTTAWA — Task Force Banja Luka, the most recent Canadian Forces (CF) contingent to serve with the NATO Stabilization Force (SFOR), was declared operationally ready today in Banja Luka, Bosnia - Herzegovina.
		The mandate of Operation BRONZE is to maintain support to SFOR during the transition of the Bosnia-Herzegovina mission from NATO to the European Union, which is expected to be complete by the end of 2004.
		On June 28, 2004, NATO announced that its operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina would be turned over to a European Union Force (EUFOR) by the end of 2004.
	www.forces.gc.ca /site/Newsroom/view_news_e.asp?id=1461 (355 words)

	CNN.com - EU takes over Bosnia peacekeeping - Dec 2, 2004
		The change from NATO to EU on Thursday begins nearly nine years after NATO deployed 60,000 forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in what was the alliance's first peacekeeping operation.
		The takeover ceremony in Sarajevo was attended by dignitaries including the Bosnian three-member presidency, NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer and the Secretary General of the Council of the European Union, Javier Solana.
		NATO's failure to arrest the two was often strongly criticized by the ICTY.
	edition.cnn.com /2004/WORLD/europe/12/02/eu.bosnia (405 words)

	NATO proposes Bosnia peace options
		BRUSSELS, Belgium (AP) - Agreeing that the peacekeeping deployment in Bosnia is far from over, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and her NATO colleagues directed military planners to consider a small, flexible force to remain after the current mission ends in June.
		NATO won't make a final decision to extend the mission until March 1.
		NATO formally accepted the U.S. invitation to hold its 50th anniversary meeting in Washington in 1999, which would be new members' first meeting.
	www.lubbockonline.com /news/121797/la0677.htm (734 words)

	Las Vegas SUN: Afghanistan to Dominate NATO Summit
		The 26 presidents and prime ministers all know that the future of their alliance is playing out in the deserts of Kandahar and mountains of Uruzgan rather than in their conference hall on the Baltic Sea.
		The dangers to the NATO force were underscored by attacks in the run-up to the summit that ended a period of relative calm.
		Two Canadian soldiers serving with the NATO force were reported slain by a suicide car bomber Monday.
	www.lasvegassun.com /sunbin/stories/w-eur/2006/nov/27/112703324.html (893 words)

	12/7/04 - BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - 2004-12-07 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This month, the NATO-led stabilization force in Bosnia and Herzegovina successfully concluded its mission.
		The European Union has offered to lead a new stabilization mission in Bosnia, Operation Althea, to provide security as the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina complete reconstruction of their country and build a long-term future in Europe.
		The U.S. believes the successful end of the NATO-led stabilization force is a major event for the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina and shows how far they have come in building a lasting, peaceful, multi-ethnic future.
	www.voanews.com /uspolicy/archive/2004-12/a-2004-12-07-1-1.cfm (378 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Hawaii News
		The head of the U.S. forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina says that continued U.S. contribution to the peacekeeping effort is important since its soldiers are "the best-trained, best-led and best-equipped troops in the world.
		Charles Swannack Jr., commander of NATO's Stabilization Force Multinational Division (North), told the Star-Bulletin in an e-mail interview.
		At a press conference last week, Air Force Gen. Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that the United States remains committed to the NATO force.
	starbulletin.com /2002/07/12/news/story7.html (638 words)

	CAAB - NATO hopes U.S. won't pull peacekeepers over tribunal issue - 28/6/02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		NATO Secretary General Lord George Robertson, center, speaks at a press conference in Pristina, Kosovo, on Thursday.
		The threat to pull troops and police from U.N. peacekeeping missions — primarily the NATO-led Stabilization Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina — stems from a U.S. demand that its troops be exempt from prosecution by the world’s first permanent war crimes tribunal.
		NATO hopes to draw down the size of SFOR to about 12,000 troops later this year, with U.S. troops in Bosnia falling to 2,000.
	cndyorks.gn.apc.org /caab/articles/natohopes.htm (597 words)

	Soldiers Online - Feature Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From a strength of approximately 79,000 in 1950, Army forces in Europe expanded to nearly 257,000 in mid-1952.
		In an era when the American participation in NATO centered on the strategic deterrent of massive retaliation, front-line Army forces in Europe were there to prevent aggression and as part of Western Europe's first line of defense.
		Later, in response to a marked strengthening of Warsaw Pact armored forces in the 1970s, the Army and Air Force espoused a new doctrine, AirLand Battle, to exploit a newer breed of more accurate and longer-range "smart" weapons and attack helicopters to conduct a deep-attack battle to disrupt and destroy enemy follow-on and rear-area forces.
	www.army.mil /Soldiers/apr1999/features/cmhnato.html (858 words)

	Current Operations \| National Defence and the Canadian Forces
		More than 3,000 Canadian soldiers, sailors and Air Force personnel are deployed overseas on operational missions.
		On any given day, about 8,000 Canadian Forces members - one third of our deployable force - are preparing for, engaged in or returning from an overseas mission.
		The Canadian contribution to the NATO led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
	www.forces.gc.ca /site/operations/current_ops_e.asp (179 words)

	1 Wing - News
		In the past 10 years the air force has experienced dramatic change that fundamentally affects the way we operate.
		NATO Stabilization Force in Bosnia : Task Force Bosnia-Herzegovina Helicopter Detachment (TFBH Hel Det)
		A contingent of CH146 Griffon helicopters, their crews and support personnel from 1 Wing have been in Bosnia since 1998 as part of the NATO Stabilization Force (SFOR).
	www.airforce.dnd.ca /1wing/news/releases_e.asp?cat=14 (128 words)

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