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	NEAR Shoemaker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The primary scientific objectives of NEAR were to return data on the bulk properties, composition, mineralogy, morphology, internal mass distribution and magnetic field of Eros.
		A new plan was put into effect in which NEAR flew by Eros on December 23, 1998 at 18:41:23 UT at a speed of 965 m/s and a distance of 3827 km from the center of mass of Eros.
		Following the flyby NEAR moved to a 200 km circular orbit and shifted the orbit from prograde near-polar to a retrograde near-equatorial orbit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker (1608 words)

	Near Shoemaker - Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
		NEAR Shoemaker was the first spacecraft to orbit around an asteroid, the first to land on an asteroid and the first solar powered spacecraft to travel beyond the orbit of Planet Mars.
		The NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft was originally known as NEAR (Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous) and was renamed by NASA on March 14, 2000 in honour of geologist Gene Shoemaker.
		Near Shoemaker achieved all of its science goals during the year in orbit and conducted the first long-term close-up study of an asteroid.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spacecraft/near.html (986 words)

	(meteorobs) Excerpts from "CCNet 26/2001 - 14 Feb 2001: NEAR-SHOEMAKER S
		Scientists are delighted with the high-quality, close-up images of Asteroid 433 Eros that NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft transmitted as it floated to a historic landing on the rocky surface nearly 200 million miles (322 million kilometers) from Earth on Monday, February 12.
		NEAR Shoemaker was not equipped with landing gear for the first-ever, odds-against spacecraft rendezvous with an asteroid.
		NEAR Shoemaker project managers at Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Lab (APL) in Laurel, Md., reported today that the team is assessing the overall health and performance of the spacecraft and evaluating ways to gather additional information from the craft.
	www.meteorobs.org /maillist/msg20981.html (2311 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| At a glance: Asteroid touchdown
		The Near spacecraft is ending its mission with an historic descent on to the surface of an asteroid.
		Shoemaker was studying asteroid impact craters in Australia and once said he would like to take a geologist's hammer to Eros.
		Near Shoemaker is the first of the Discovery series of spacecraft - built as part of the American space agency's (Nasa) "faster, better, cheaper" programme.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1166000/1166790.stm (449 words)

	Near Shoemaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous - Shoemaker (NEAR Shoemaker), recently renamed in honor of Gene Shoemaker, is designed to study the near Earth asteroid Eros from close orbit over a period of a year.
		The ultimate goal of the mission is to rendezvous with and achieve orbit around the near Earth asteroid 433 Eros in February, 2000 after an Earth gravity assist trajectory, and study the asteroid for approximately one year.
		A new plan was put into effect in which NEAR flew by Eros on 23 December 1998 at 18:41:23 UT at a speed of 0.965 km/s and a distance of 3827 km from the center of mass of Eros.
	www.ugcs.caltech.edu /~marcsulf/html/near.html (1296 words)

	(meteorobs) Excerpts from "CCNet 25/2001 - 13 Feb 2001: NEAR-SHOEMAKER S
		NEAR Shoemaker was not designed specifically for the touchdown, with the daring dive called for as the mission drew to a successful close on February 14.
		Precious bursts of fuel were needed to prod NEAR Shoemaker lower and lower to the surface of Eros and mission director Robert Farquhar was not sure the probe would have enough gas to the end.
		NEAR swung by the Earth once to pick up speed and then streaked outward toward Eros, which is in an elongated orbit that nears Mars and approaches Earth's orbit.
	www.meteorobs.org /maillist/msg20979.html (3863 words)

	The Hindu : NEAR Shoemaker provides information bonanza
		But because NEAR Shoemaker landed with such a favorable orientation, and telemetry has already been received, it was no longer necessary to move the spacecraft from its resting place.
		NEAR Shoemaker snapped 69 detailed pictures during the final three miles (five kilometers) of its descent, the highest resolution images ever obtained of an asteroid.
		The last image from NEAR Shoemaker was snapped a mere 120 meters (394 feet) from the asteroid's surface and covers an area 6 meters (20 feet) wide.
	www.hindu.com /2001/02/22/stories/08220002.htm (695 words)

	Space Today Online - Solar System Asteroids - NEAR-Shoemaker - Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
		The NEAR spacecraft was launched on Feb. 17, 1996, as the first in NASA's Discovery series of low-cost science missions.
		Shoemaker had died in a 1997 car accident while on an annual study of impact craters in the Australian outback.
		As NEAR gathered momentum from Earth's gravity, it captured on film numerous captivating images of the planet, including a close-up of the Southern Hemisphere and a picture with the Earth and the Moon in the same frame.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Asteroids/NEAR.html (1627 words)

	New Science: A NEAR Landing on Eros (02/23/01)
		NEAR Shoemaker's historic soft landing on Eros has turned out to be a dream come true for the mission's managers.
		Images captured by NEAR Shoemaker as it descended to the surface of Eros.
		NEAR Orbiting Eros - A year ago NEAR made its rendezvous with the asteroid Eros, and became the first spacecraft to go into orbit around an asteroid.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /news/2001/news-NEAR.asp (1046 words)

	NEAR Shoemaker
		NEAR began orbiting asteroid 433 Eros on February 14, 2000, returning the highest resolution images ever made of an asteroid, as well as measuring its size, shape, mass, mass distribution, gravity, and magnetic field.
		The spacecraft was renamed NEAR Shoemaker in honor Dr. Eugene M. Shoemaker, a legendary geologist who influenced decades of research on the role of asteroids and comets in shaping the planets.
		The NEAR mission objectives were to answer some fundamental questions about the nature and origin of near-Earth objects, including size, shape, mass and mass distribution, gravity and magnetic field, rotation, composition, and geology.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /buchert/missions/near.html (286 words)

	DISCOVERY ::: MISSIONS ::: NEAR
		On February 17, 1996, NEAR was the first Discovery Program spacecraft to be launched and it became the first ever to orbit and land on an asteroid.
		On February 14, 2000, the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft began its year-long orbit of asteroid Eros determine its mass, structure, geology, composition, gravity, and magnetic field.
		During its year-long orbit, NEAR Shoemaker flew past Eros at altitudes from 3 to 35 miles (5 to 56 km), producing thousands of spectacular images and returning data that will be analyzed for years to come.
	discovery.nasa.gov /near.html (659 words)

	NEAR Shoemaker primed for final weeks in orbit
		The NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft -- the first to orbit an asteroid -- embarks on a series of low-altitude passes over 433 Eros this month in a prelude to its daring February descent to the surface of the rotating, 21-mile-long space rock.
		But the weeks before the historic event won't be much easier, as NEAR mission operators and navigators take the spacecraft on several low passes over the ends of the potato-shaped Eros from Jan. 24 to Jan. 28.
		NEAR Shoemaker's telescopic camera will gather high-resolution images during the last 3 miles of the maneuver, until about 1,650 feet (500 meters) above the asteroid.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-01/JHU-NSpf-0901101.php (492 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| NEAR \| Mission Status Center
		NEAR Mission Operations Manager Robert Nelson said the team is also sending commands to prevent the rest of the spacecraft from sending data to its onboard recorder, since the only reliable telemetry link is through NEAR Shoemaker's low-gain antenna.
		The voyage of the NEAR Shoemaker science probe came to an abrupt and most unexpected ending on Monday, surviving a four-hour descent to touch down on the surface of the asteroid Eros and live to relay a beacon signal to its home planet.
		NEAR Shoemaker has become the first spacecraft to land on the surface of an asteroid, and officials report they are continuing to detect signals that indicate the car-sized craft is still alive!
	www.spaceflightnow.com /near/status.html (4725 words)

	NEAR
		The NEAR mission was the first launch in NASA's Discovery Program, and was to be the first spacecraft ever to orbit an asteroid.
		NEAR Laser Rangefinder (NLR) - an altimeter that uses a solid-state pulsed laser to measure the distance between the spacecraft and the surface of the asteroid.
		Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission was the first of NASA's Discovery missions, a series of small-scale spacecraft designed to proceed from development to flight in under three years for a cost of less than $150 million.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/near.htm (631 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Spacecraft named for Shoemaker
		Dr Shoemaker was a geologist who influenced decades of research on the role of asteroids and comets in shaping the planets.
		Near (Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous) is conducting the first ever close-up survey of an asteroid and will now be known as Near Shoemaker.
		Dr Shoemaker died in a 1997 car accident in the Australian outback while on an annual study of asteroid impact craters.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_678000/678256.stm (262 words)

	NASA's asteroid-orbiting spacecraft renamed NEAR Shoemaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Shoemaker died in a 1997 car accident in the Australian outback while on an annual study of asteroid impact craters.
		Shoemaker's work on the nature and origin of Meteor Crater in Arizona in the 1960s laid the foundation for research on craters throughout the solar system.
		Shoemaker was a key member of the 1985 working group that first studied the NEAR mission, defining its science objectives and designing a conceptual payload.
	spacescience.com /headlines/y2000/ast14mar_1.htm (812 words)

	ESA Portal - Life in Space - NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft to land on asteroid Eros
		NEAR Shoemaker's four-hour descent is scheduled to start with a highly risky maneouvre moving it out of its current orbit 35 kilometres from the centre of Eros.
		After that, NEAR mission operators will use the blurring photos, altitude data from NEAR Shoemaker's laser range-finder, Doppler tracking and expected loss of signal to learn where and when the spacecraft touches down, predicted for just after 20:00 UT (21:00 CET).
		During its five-year, 3,200-million-kilometre journey the NEAR Shoemaker mission, which was built and managed by the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, MD, has provided the most detailed profile of a small celestial body.
	www.esa.int /esaCP/ESATBWK30JC_Life_2.html (493 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Target: Asteroids: Past: NEAR Shoemaker
		NEAR was NASA's first Discovery Program spacecraft to be launched and the first spacecraft to orbit and touchdown on the surface of an asteroid.
		NEAR photographed 60 percent of the surface of asteroid Mathilde (right) in a 1997 flyby.
		NEAR touched down on asteroid Eros at a gentle 1.5 meters per second (3.6 mph).
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Asteroids&Mission=NEAR (196 words)

	Eugene Shoemaker
		Tonight, the ashes of Eugene M. Shoemaker are to be launched in a memorial capsule aboard Lunar Prospector to the moon.
		Shoemaker was best known for his work on extraterrestrial impacts and for his later collaboration with his wife, Carolyn, in the study and discovery of comets.
		Porco was a student of Shoemaker's when he was a professor and she was a graduate student at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/shoemak.html (3250 words)

	NEAR-Shoemaker
		The first spacecraft to orbit and (though this was not originally planned) to land on an asteroid –; Eros.
		NEAR entered an orbit of 323 x 370 km around Eros on Feb. 14, 2000, then moved to gradually smaller orbits over the next year or so, returning a total of 160,000 images.
		During the final days of its mission, NEAR maneuvered to within 24 km and then, against all the odds, became the first spacecraft actually to land on an asteroid.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/N/NEAR.html (375 words)

	NEAR Team Set For New Phase
		During the past week, NEAR Shoemaker remained in Operational Mode with Flight Computer #1 and Attitude Interface Unit #2 in control of spacecraft attitude.
		NEAR Shoemaker is presently in a nominal 50 km circular orbit around Eros.
		One of NEAR Shoemaker's six scientific instruments has been turned off after the NEAR mission team detected a power surge in the device.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/near-00zq.html (831 words)

	ScienceDaily: NEAR Shoemaker Gets New Lease On Life At Home On Asteroid
		Three days after touchdown, NEAR Shoemaker is still in communication with the NEAR team at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, MD. Earlier this week, the team sent commands to NEAR Shoemaker and guided the robotic researcher to a gentle touchdown on a rock-strewn plain on the asteroid.
		NEAR Shoemaker snapped 69 detailed pictures during the final 5 kilometers (3 miles) of its descent, the highest resolution images ever obtained of an asteroid.
		NEAR Shoemaker Closes In For Unprecedented View Of Asteroid (October 24, 2000) -- On Oct. 26, after more than eight months in orbit, the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft will swoop to within 3 miles of asteroid Eros, taking images and collecting data from a distance closer than any...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/02/010216080137.htm (1155 words)

	UA Science Team Readies for NEAR Landing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		NEAR has been orbiting asteroid 433 Eros since Feb. 14, 2000 and is now more than 196 million miles (316 million kilometers) from Earth.
		NEAR Shoemaker's 4-hour descent is scheduled to start at 10:31 a.m.
		During its one-year orbiting mission, the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft provided among other data X-ray, gamma ray, and infrared readings on the composition and spectral properties of the asteroid.
	uanews.opi.arizona.edu /cgi-bin/WebObjects/UANews.woa/wa/SRStoryDetails?ArticleID=3134 (749 words)

	NEAR Shoemaker Engine Burn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The maneuver is the latest in the mission's five-year history that has taken the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft on a 2-billion-mile journey and provided a unique 150,000-image photo-op since it began its orbital approach in January.
		NEAR Shoemaker will stay in a 22-mile (35-kilometer) orbit until Jan. 24, when three more engine burns will push it first to within 12 miles (19 kilometers) and then back to a circular 22-mile orbit, by the end of the month.
		NEAR Shoemaker has been in orbit around Eros since Feb. 14, 2000, conducting the first in-depth study of an asteroid.
	www.jhuapl.edu /newscenter/pressreleases/2000/001213.htm (409 words)

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