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	Roaming the Deep Sky #16
		NGC 253 is a large, bright, spiral galaxy in the constellation Sculptor.
		The best time to view NGC 253 is when it is near due south.
		The higher an object is the less atmospheric extinction, or magnitude loss, it suffers.) NGC 253 is in the close vicinity of due south at about 1am in mid to late September, 11pm in mid to late October and around 9pm in mid to late November.
	home.insightbb.com /~lasweb/lessons/RDS16-NGC253.htm (573 words)

	NGC 253 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NGC 253 is the brightest member of the Sculptor group of galaxies, which is grouped around the South galactic pole (therefore, also sometimes named "South Polar Group").
		NGC 253 is also one of the brightest galaxies beyond the Local Group.
		NGC 253 was one of the major discoveries of Caroline Herschel, the sister of William Herschel (according to John Herschel's GC).
	www.seds.org /messier/xtra/ngc/n0253.html (266 words)

	GIC - Why things have been done in GIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Ngc 2997 image is harder to focus comfortably in stereo in that earlier virtual stereo techniques by me believed horizontal and vertical dimensions of the image had to be somewhat disproportionate in order for stereo to be revealed.
		View this Ngc 1365 image pair in stereo (overlay) to see how extremely the two main arms are each on their own horizon plane relative to each other and to the core area.
		It can be seen at once that Ngc 253 swells to enormous size well beyond the optical original (fl and white left), but, the main outer shells are too weak in the dim media content of this photo to have detail, the enormous super structure's greater galactic reach is revealed in outlines only.
	www.cosmicastronomy.com /purpose.htm (3401 words)

	NGC 253
		NGC 253 (f/6.3, Meade LX10, 53 minute total exposure [stack of 21 1 minute images and 16 2 minute images - from 11/15/2001 and 12/11/2001, respectively], STV guided, binned 2x2, only dark frames applied, Gaussian deconvolved in AIP, from LBV).
		NGC 253 (f/6.3, Meade LX10, 10 minute total exposure [a stack of 10 1 minute images], STV guided, binned 2x2, only dark frames applied, Gaussian deconvolved in AIP, from LBV).
		NGC 253 (f/6.3, Meade LX10, 10 minute total exposure [a stack of 5 2 minute images], STV guided, binned 2x2, no dark or flat fields applied, no image adjustments, from LBV).
	www.marcush.net /astronomy/ngc253.html (300 words)

	APOD Search Results for "ngc 253" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NGC 253 is not only one of the brightest spiral galaxies visible, it is also one of the dustiest.
		As a result, NGC 253 and other similar starforming galaxies could ultimately develop a single, central, supermassive fl hole, transforming their cores into quasars.
		Explanation: NGC 253 is not only one of the brightest spiral galaxies visible, it is also one of the dustiest.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/apod/apod_search?ngc%2B253 (758 words)

	NGC 253 Radio Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NGC 253 is a spiral galaxy in the southern hemisphere constellation of Sculptor.
		It is a false colour image, where the different colours represent the intensity of 21 centimetre radio emission from H I gas in the galaxy.
		Another optical image of NGC 253, taken with the Anglo-Australian Telescope, is available from the Anglo-Australian Observatory Web site.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /research/images/ngc253.html (384 words)

	NGC 253 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NGC 253 is a large magnitude 7 galaxy in the constellation of Sculptor.
		It has a remarkable amount of structure in both the core and arms, and the complexity of the dust lanes is such that it is difficult to discern a spiral pattern.
		Photographing NGC 253 from southern France is challenging since the maximum elevation it achieves is only 20.8 degrees - average elevation during both exposures was approximately 19 degrees.
	www.astrocruise.com /ngc253.htm (171 words)

	Deepsky observing report M16, M17, M18, M24, M22, M8, M11, IC 4756, NGC 6633, NGC 253, NGC 247, NGC 188, NGC 891
		I was looking for NGC 253 (Collinder 65), the Great Sculptor Galaxy, which was discovered by Caroline Herschell, the sister of William Herschell, in 1783.
		NGC 253 can be found about 7 to 8° to the south of this 2nd magnitude star.
		NGC 253 is 30′x 7′, with a visual magnitude of 7.6 and a surface brightness of 13.2.
	www.backyard-astro.com /deepsky/2003_09_26/ITT.html (2672 words)

	APOD Search Results for "NGC galaxies" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NGC 520, at visual magnitude 12, has been noted to be one of the brightest interacting galaxies on the sky, after interacting pairs of galaxies known as the Antennae.
		NGC 300 lies 6.5 million light-years away and is part of a group of galaxies named for the southern constellation Sculptor.
		NGC 2266 is, for example, the 2,266th item in his New General Catalog of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/apod/apod_search?NGC+galaxies (10664 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: X-ray view into a starburst
		NGC 253 had already been examined by previous missions such as ROSAT.
		NGC 253 has not finished revealing fascinating details of the star formation processes and further XMM-Newton observations of this galaxy were carried out last December.
		"XMM-Newton observations of NGC 253: resolving the emission components in the disk and nuclear area" is published in the January 2001 edition of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Our thanks to first author Wolfang Pietsch, and to Martin Ward.
	sci.esa.int /content/news/index.cfm?aid=23&cid=45&oid=25953 (735 words)

	APOD Search Results for "spiral galaxy" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NGC 6946 is home to a nuclear starburst itself, and picturesque dark dust is seen lacing the disk along with bright blue stars, red emission nebulas, fast moving gas clouds, and unusually frequent supernovas.
		NGC 6946 is also bright in infrared light and rich in gas and dust, exhibiting a high star birth and death rate.
		NGC 4826, are thought to be the result of a collision between a small galaxy and a large galaxy where the resultant mix has not yet settled down.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/apod/apod_search?spiral%2Bgalaxy (11111 words)

	NGC 253 - Galaxy in Sculptor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		One of the brighter galaxies visible to us, NGC 253 belongs to the Sculptor group...the next door neighbor to our own Local Group of galaxies, which includes our own Milky Way.
		With an apparent diameter of almost one half degree (the size of the full moon), it is readily visible in small telescopes.
		NGC 253 lies at a distance of 8 million light years.
	www.stormpages.com /machunter/hap_ngc253.html (99 words)

	NGC 253 - Sculptor Galaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NGC 253 (C65) is located about 8 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor.
		It is classified as a starburst spiral galaxy and displays an exceptionally high rate of starbirth.
		This image is a composite of 14, 15-second images taken on 24 December 1997.
	www.astroimages.org /ccd/ngc253.html (56 words)

	Compact Radio Sources in NGC 253 and M82 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 has been observed at 6, 3.6, 2, and 1.3 cm using the highest resolution configuration of the VLA.
		The higher frequency NGC 253 data, at resolutions as high as $0.1''$, together with scaled-array spectral-index maps at $0.4''$ to $0.6''$ resolution, reveal at least two different types of sources in the central kiloparsec of NGC 253.
		Based on this fact and the apparently minimal source variability in NGC 253 and M82, the supernova rates in the two galaxies probably are no greater than $\sim 0.1$/yr.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v25n2/aas182/abshtml/S3116.html (319 words)

	Astron. Astrophys. 342, 101-123 (1999)
		The sources X21 and X34 are located within the diffuse emission of the NGC 253 bulge and disk and it cannot be excluded that the PSPC determined counts are affected by subtracting a wrong background.
		Two bright sources, X33 and X34, are detected in the central region of NGC 253, both embedded in a complicated diffuse X-ray emission structure visible in the PSPC and HRI images (Figs.
		In this section the contribution of the NGC 253 point sources are compared to the total X-ray emission of the NGC 253 disk.
	aa.springer.de /papers/9342001/2300101/sc3.htm (3780 words)

	APOD: November 2, 1996 - Spiral Galaxy NGC 253 Almost Sideways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NGC 253 appears visually as one of the brightest spirals on the sky, and is easily visible in southern hemisphere with a good pair of binoculars.
		NGC 253 is considered a "starburst" galaxy because of high star formation rates and dense dust clouds in its nucleus.
		The energetic nuclear region is seen to glow in X-ray and gamma-ray light.
	zeus.sai.msu.ru /apod/ap961102.html (137 words)

	DOC: Uranometria chart 306
		One of the most spectacular edge-on galaxies, the Silver Coin (NGC 253) is nestled between the stars of this chart.
		Although associated with the Sculptor group of galaxies, cluster mass models suggest NGC 45 is merely an 'interloper.' Imaging studies of this galaxy are hampered somewhat by the presence of both a 10.6 and a 6.5 mag star within 4' of the nucleus."
		Steve Coe, in "SACNEWS On-line for November 1996" notes: NGC 253 is one of the most beautiful galaxies in the sky.
	www.fortunecity.com /roswell/borley/49/u306.htm (2803 words)

	APOD: January 21, 1999 - Spiral Galaxy NGC 253 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		APOD: January 21, 1999 - Spiral Galaxy NGC 253
		this stunning image of spiral galaxy NGC 253.
		NGC 253, an Sc type spiral, is about 8 million light-years away in the southern constellation Sculptor.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap990121.html (156 words)

	Chandra :: Photo Album :: NGC 253 :: 05 Jun 01
		NGC 253 has at least six so-called ultraluminous (very powerful X-ray) point sources, and Chandra shows that four of them are located within about 3,000 light years from the galaxy's core.
		NGC 253 is a starburst galaxy located some 8 million light years from Earth.
		Chandra observed NGC 253 with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) instrument for 3.6 hours on December 16, 1999.
	chandra.harvard.edu /photo/2001/0012 (218 words)

	Galaxy NGC 253 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A camera with over 67 million pixels (digital picture elements) was used to record this stunning image of spiral galaxy NGC 253.
		Constructed from exposures made by the WFI in December 1998, this picture has been cropped from the full field to emphasize the galaxy and contrast adjusted to follow the graceful, winding arms and dramatic dust lanes of this photogenic island universe.
		NGC 253 is so close to us that some of the brightest stars are apparent as individuals within the spiral arms.
	www.wolaver.org /Space/NGC253whole.htm (253 words)

	Peculiar Gas Dynamics in the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Here we present our first results of a study of the neutral hydrogen gas (HI) in the southern spiral galaxy NGC 253 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array.
		The relative proximity of NGC 253 makes it a very suitable object for detailed studies of large-scale, as well as nuclear, gas dynamics.
		Similar features have been found in other starburst galaxies like M82, NGC 1808 and NGC 4945 and are interpreted in terms of bar-induced gas dynamics and star formation.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /people/bkoribal/ngc253/n253_hi.html (242 words)

	Jahrbuch-CD der MPG 2003 - The collimated wind in NGC 253
		Near-infrared Fabry-Perot imaging has revealed H-2 emission extended to about 130 pc from the disk of NGC 253.
		It is closely related to the hot plasma observed in soft X-rays: filamentary H-2 features are found at the edges of the hot plasma.
		The outflow is tilted with respect to the disk, possibly suggesting the inhomogeneous nature of the interstellar medium in which the starburst takes place.
	www.mpg.de /forschungsergebnisse/wissVeroeffentlichungen/archivListenJahrbuch/2003/26/publZIM153.html (172 words)

	ISO spectroscopy of OH in the starburst galaxy NGC 253 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We present ISO SWS and LWS observations of OH in the molecular gas associated with the starburst nucleus of NGC 253.
		Using the LWS and SWS gratings, we have detected absorption in three of the four rotational lines that connect to the ground rotational state: the 119 um, the 53.3 um, and the 34.6 um doublets.
		We also present ISO LWS observations CH (149 um) and H2O (179 um), and discuss their implications of these detections for models of the molecular ISM in NGC 253.
	isowww.estec.esa.nl /meetings/paris/Paris_abstracts/node217.html (284 words)

	NGC 253
		NGC 253 reveals a bar which has been detected in the near-infrared (Scoville et al.
		The emission is distributed rather similar to the optical light and shows a rather regularly rotating spiral galaxy (Koribalski, Whiteoak and Houghton 1995).
		The major-axis position-velocity diagram of NGC 253 is rather similar to that of NGC 1808 (Fig.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /people/bkoribal/min_lecture/node7.html (419 words)

	Chandra :: Photo Album :: NGC 253 :: More Images of NGC 253 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This image shows the central region of NGC 253 in the energy range of X-rays between 4.5-8.0 keV, also referred to as "hard" X-rays.
		This image shows the central region of NGC 253 in the energy range of X-rays between 0.2-1.5 keV, also referred to as "soft" X-rays.
		This panel shows the central region of NGC 253 shown in three energy bands of X-rays: 0.2-1.5 keV, 1.5-4.5 keV and 4.5-8 keV, from left to right respectively.
	chandra.harvard.edu /photo/2001/0012/more.html (118 words)

	2MASS Large Galaxy Sample (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The nearby starburst galaxy, NGC 253, is one of the most spectacularly resolved disk galaxies owing to its size, star formation activity (e.g., bright IRAS galaxy) and proximity to the Sun (V
		Figure 6 shows NGC 253 as seen in the near-infrared and in the visual wavelengths.
		We can further delineate the structure of NGC 253 by constructing the radial surface brightness profile and J-Ks color distribution (Figure 7).
	spider.ipac.caltech.edu /staff/jarrett/papers/LGA/LGA_5_2.htm (497 words)

	MPE Highlights 1997: Diffuse X-ray emission from nearby spiral galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		For the starburst galaxies NGC 253 and NGC 3079 nuclear superbubbles have been resolved in the X-ray light.
		In the case of NGC 253 the soft band ROSAT observations trace the diffuse emission to much lower surface brightness and temperature compared to the Einstein data.
		This can be explained by the emission of of hot gas filling the halo hemispheres of NGC 253 which is absorbed by cold gas in the disk.
	www.mpe.mpg.de /Highlights/FB1997/h97-4-10.html (461 words)

	Estimating Starburst Supernova Rates Using OSSE Observations of M82 and NGC 253 (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abstract: We have used the OSSE observations of the starburst galaxies NGC 253 and M82 to obtain upper limits to the Type Ia and Ib supernova rates in these galaxies.
		Monte Carlo simulations of randomly occurring supernova events in NGC 253 and M82 were performed to evaluate the significance of our upper limit to the 0.847 and1.238 MeV 56 Co gamma-ray line fluxes on the supernova rate from these two galaxies.
		A set of observations of NGC 253 and M82 by OSSE is suggested in order to maximize the chances...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /347972.html (280 words)

	NGC 5 Galaxy Nebula Sky Astronomy Photos Nebulae Star Photo
		NGC 6559, East of the Lagoon, APD 02 05 20 ¶, Sagittarius
		NGC 7027 in Infrared, APD 98 03 25
		NGC 253, Sculptor Galaxy, APD 98 12 09
	www.biochem.szote.u-szeged.hu /astrojan/ngc5t.htm (230 words)

	NGC 253 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NGC 253 is a beautiful galaxy in the southern constellation of Sculptor, close to the south celestial pole.
		It is seen almost edge-on from a distance of about seven million light years.
		The print from which this picture was made was published in Mercury, the ASP magazine.
	pandora.nla.gov.au /pan/24870/20020715/www.aao.gov.au/images/general/ngc253_usm.html (100 words)

	IngentaConnect The ortho- to para- ratio of H2 in the starburst of NGC 253 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The ortho- to para- ratio of H2 in the starburst of NGC 253
		Towards the nucleus of NGC 253 the geometry is deduced to be tightly clustered O and B stars in a few giant H II regions that are encompassed by PDRs.
		The rotation curves of 1-0 S(1) and Brgamma suggest that the ionized gas is tracing a kinetic system different from that of the molecular gas in NGC 253, particularly away from the nucleus.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/mnr/1998/00000297/00000002/art01525 (336 words)

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