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Topic: NGC 4038

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	Antennae Galaxies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Antennae Galaxies (Antennae for short), are a pair of galaxies (NGC 4038 + NGC 4039) undergoing a violent collision some 68 million ly away in the constellation Corvus.
		In 2004, a supernova (SN 2004gt) was obsered in NGC 4038.
		NGC 4038 was a spiral galaxy and NGC 4039 was a barred spiral galaxy, even though they are still spiral and barred spiral.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NGC_4038 (372 words)

	ASTR 510 Observational Project - Spring 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Both NGC 4038 and 4039 are found to have exponential profiles in their outer parts, but only NGC 4039 can be matched using parameter values which are similar to those of normal spiral galaxies.
		NGC 4038 (4039) is the galaxy to the North (South).
		The overall profile of NGC 4038 shows three somewhat distinct regions: an inner point-spread-function (PSF)-flattened bulge, a flattened middle region showing the increased brightness from the star-forming regions in the galaxy, and an exponentially decreasing outer region.
	www.phy.ohiou.edu /~tss/ASTR410/Salow01/antpaper.html (3502 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NGC 4027 and NGC 4038 are a little higher in the sky on the edge of one my favorite naked-eye constellations, Corvus.
		NGC 5248 was faint with a weak core, NGC 4363 was faint with a decent core, and NGC 5364 was another one of the most difficult H400 galaxies.
		NGC 5557 and NGC 5273 were both very faint and small; the former had a hint of a sharp core.
	www.eskimo.com /~rachford/observing/reports/obs_20030309.txt (1647 words)

	NGC 4038-39, the Antennae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NGC 4038 and 4039 are the well-known pair of interacting galaxies that show two broadly curved tails of stars, the 'antennae', extending a considerable distance from the action.
		This distinctive display is seen on deep images and gives the structure its popular name: it seems to have distracted attention from the interacting galaxies themselves.
		--> AATCCD 3 NGC 4038-39, the galaxies of "The Antennae"
	www.aao.gov.au /images/captions/aat065.html (241 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NGC 4038/4039, nicknamed "The Antennae," is a prototypical example of a pair of colliding galaxies believed to be at an early stage of a merger.
		The brighter ones are similar to the objects found in NGC 1275 and NGC 7252, which appear to be young globular clusters formed during recent galaxy mergers.
		Based on their U-V and V-I colors, the brightest, bluest clusters of NGC 4038/4039 appear to be less than 10 Myr old.
	www.journals.uchicago.edu /AAS/cdrom/volume4/volume4/aj/v109/p0960/abstract.doc (341 words)

	Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters dedicated to ISO
		"LWS Observations of the Colliding Galaxies NGC 4038/39" Fischer, J. et al.
		"The starburst galaxy NGC 6090: from 2.5 to 200 microns" Acosta, J.A. et al.
		"The central stars of the planetary nebulae NGC 7027 and NGC 6543" Beintema, D.A. et al.
	isowww.estec.esa.nl /ISO/AandA (1155 words)

	NGC 4038 & 4039 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Interacting galaxies NGC 4038 and 4039 (= H 4.28), in Corvus
		The interacting pair of galaxies, NGC 4038 and 4039, was discovered by William Herschel on February 7, 1785, and first classified as a planetary nebula.
		Observing Reports for NGC 4038 and 4039 (IAAC Netastrocatalog)
	www.seds.org /~spider/spider/Misc/n4038-9.html (142 words)

	Superantennae
		It exhibits the same slender tails of the classical Antennae, (a/k/a ring tail galaxies) NGC 4038/4039 in the northern constellation Corvus.
		Recall that NGC 4038/4039 exhibit tidal tails roughly 150 kpc in total length based upon a redshift distance of 18.5 Mpc (Redshift 1,391 km/sec, Hubble constant = 75 km/sec/Mpc).
		This compared to NGC 4038/4039 which are just now colliding and undergoing rapid/massive star formation.
	www.weblore.com /richard/superantennae.htm (452 words)

	Fabulous electric paddles in a glowing globe nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In Ngc 3314, had both galaxies had the same charge, there would have been massive disruption and changes of state in both galaxies as positive charge concentrations in one blow apart (repulsing) positive charge concentrations in the clumping of the other.
		This serenity due to compatable opposite matching charges is not seen in active galaxy colliders Ngc 5236 where massive charge clumps are wrangling for new supremacies rearanging the engineering landscape of both galaxies dramatically, fatalistically demolishing the orginal profiles of both before collision.
		In Ngc 1232, there is an underplus of similar charge dispursed as diffuse status only marginally organized tightly in around the core rod and biased to the far side sandwiched between arms of similar charge, but gripped stalled in place by the power hungers in the central core rod's gravity.
	www.cosmicastronomy.com /globe.htm (5589 words)

	Radio Observations of Star Formation in NGC 4038/9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NGC 4038/9 is also very dusty; estimates of extinction range from A_V\sim 0.5--70.
		Radio observations are able to penetrate the dust and isolate compact radio sources in regions that are not visible at optical and UV wavelengths.
		Furthermore, if half the compact radio sources are HII regions, their integrated flux density of \sim 10 mJy implies that a total of at least 2\times 10^6 M_ødot in massive stars is required to keep those regions ionized.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v29n5/aas191/abs/S076011.html (354 words)

	ISO -- STARBURSTS IN COLLIDING GALAXIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		They are catalogued as NGC 4038 and 4039 but astronomers also know them as the Antennae galaxies.
		In the lower galaxy (NGC 4039) an extended bright region, with a hotspot at the right-hand side, marks the overlap of the disks of the two spiral galaxies.
		An isolated bright spot in the middle of the upper galaxy (NGC 4038) is a large ring of intense starmaking around the central nucleus.
	www.iso.vilspa.esa.es /outreach/esa_pr/ngc4038.htm (375 words)

	East Valley Astronomy Club - Deep-sky Object of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NGC 4038-9, often called the "Antennae" is an interacting pair of galaxies in western Corvus.
		Of the two galaxies, NGC 4038 is the brighter.
		Using a 12-inch scope at 200x, I noticed a generally knotty appearance, with two fairly prominent knots on the west edge of the main galaxy and another closer to the center.
	www.eastvalleyastronomy.org /dsomarch/dsom0499.html (259 words)

	2 Observations and results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		15 m telescope in July 1998; NGC 2992/3 (Arp 245) was observed at the SEST in Nov. 1999.
		CO detections were obtained for the NGC 7252 West (hereafter NGC 7252W), NGC 4676 North (hereafter NGC 4676N), NGC 5291 North and NGC 5291 South (hereafter NGC 5291N and NGC 5291S), Stephan's Quintet source "B'' (hereafter NGC 7319E), and very probably the NGC 4038/9 South ("The Antennae'', hereafter NGC4038S) TDGs.
		The western tail of the NGC 2782 (Arp 215) system was also observed with no CO detection, confirming the Smith et al.
	aanda.u-strasbg.fr:2002 /papers/aa/full/2001/40/aa1158/node2.html (956 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Antennae galaxies (known formally as NGC 4038/4039) - so named because a pair of long tails of luminous matter, formed by the gravitational tidal forces of their encounter, resembles an insect's antennae.
		This two galaxies thought to be in the early stages of a collision.
		As NGC 4038 and NGC 4039 slowly merge, the combined gravity of each pulls the other apart, huge gas clouds collide, and new bright stars and dark dust are dispersed.
	www.vt-2004.org /outreach/eduoff/edu-prog/catchastar/CAS2002/cas-projects/france_ngc_ngc_1/resume-anglais.htm (325 words)

	NGC 4038 NBC 4039 The Ringtail Galaxy
		Located at an estimated distance from the earth of 60 million light years the larger galaxy NGC 4038 is colliding with the smaller NGC 4039.
		The collision is producing an outbreak of star formation as is evident by the bright knots of stars visible in the galactic disks.
		Many millions of stars are being thrown from their positions in the galactic disks into intergalactic space.
	www.waid-observatory.com /ngc4038-2003-05-01.html (80 words)

	LWS Observations of the Colliding Galaxies NGC 4038/39 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		LWS Observations of the Colliding Galaxies NGC 4038/39
		Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) and ground-based Fabry-Perot imaging spectroscopic observations are used to penetrate the extinction to the powerful burst of star formation that has occurred in the extranuclear molecular cloud complex in the galaxy overlap region of the galaxies NGC 4038/39 (``The Antennae'').
		Parameters of the starburst and typical molecular cloud core characteristics are derived.
	www.ipac.caltech.edu /iso/AandA/I0008.html (110 words)

	Lake County Astronomical Society NightTimes
		Deep sky objects often have more than one nickname and/or catalog designation; the galaxy NGC 4038 in the constellation Corvus is one such example.
		They predict that NGC 4038/9 will undergo what's called an "ultraluminous starburst" about 100 million years from now, when the ongoing collision compresses the galaxies' reservoir of molecular gas to form billions of new stars in a spectacular galactic eruption.
		Catalogs show the fainter of the two galaxies, NGC 4039, as about magnitude 13; however, I found it quite easy to see, no doubt due to its proximity to NGC 4038.
	www.bpccs.com /lcas/Articles/ringtail.htm (489 words)

	NGC 4038 & NGC 4039
		Spiral Galaxies NGC 4038 and NGC 4039 in Corvus
		Galaxies NGC 4038 and NGC 4039 in the Constellation of Corvus are the famous "Antennae" (HST Image), a beautiful interacting pair of galaxies with long tails of stars following them.
		This interacting pair is in a loose group of five other NGC galaxies and several fainter galaxies that may be kinematically associated.
	www.kopernik.org /images/archive/n4038.htm (212 words)

	SWS Spectroscopy of the Colliding Galaxies NGC4038/39 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		We present mid-infrared spectroscopy of the prototypical interacting galaxies NGC 4038/39 (the `Antennae') obtained with the ISO Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS).
		Our observations focus on the interaction zone where the two galaxies overlap, providing new constraints on the properties of the young and vigorous extranuclear starburst triggered by the recent interaction of the two galaxies.
		Observations of the pure rotational (0-0) S(1) and S(2) lines of molecular hydrogen are used to constrain the fraction of molecular gas that is at temperatures of a few hundred Kelvin.
	isowww.estec.esa.nl /ISO/AandA/I0053.html (205 words)

	LIRG Arp 244 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Fischer, J., et al., ``LWS observations of the colliding galaxies NGC 4038/39,'' 1996, A&A, 315, 97.
		Campbell, A, and Willner, S.P., ``Shocked molecular hydrogen in NGC 4038/4039, 'the antennae','' 1989, AJ, 97, 995.
		Van der Hulst, J.M., ``The kinematics and distribution of neutral hydrogen in the interacting galaxy pair NGC 4038/39,'' 1979, A&A, 71, 131.
	www.astro.uiuc.edu /~gruendl/LIRG/arp244_stuff.html (400 words)

	APOD: June 2, 1997 - Bright Star Knots in NGC 4038 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
		NGC 4039 was a normal spiral galaxy, minding its own business, when NGC 4038 crashed into it.
		The above picture is centered around the larger of the two interacting galaxies: NGC 4038.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap970602.html (218 words)

	HST Observations of Young Star Clusters in NGC 4038/4039, ``The Antennae'' Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		High-resolution images of the disks of NGC 4038/39 obtained with the HST \ \ Wide Field Camera are presented.
		NGC 4038/39 is a prototypical example of a pair of colliding galaxies thought to be at an early stage of a merger.
		The brighter ones are similar to the NGC 1275 and NGC 7252 clusters that appear to be young globulars formed during recent galaxy mergers.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v26n4/aas185/abs/S10404.html (215 words)

	The Antennae
		Observations of NGC 4038/9 (``The Antennae" = Arp 244)
		High Resolution Mapping of the Tidal Dwarf Candidate in NGC 4038/9, Hibbard & Higdon, 2001, in ASP Conf.
		The UV Morphology and Star Formation in the Tidal Tails of NGC 4038/39, Hibbard et al.
	www.cv.nrao.edu /~jhibbard/n4038/n4038.html (493 words)

	Telescope Reviews: Supernova discovered in galaxy NGC 4038
		South African amateur Berto Monard has discovered a supernova in the galaxy NGC 4038.
		NGC 4038 is interacting with nearby NGC 4039.
		NGC 4038 resides in the constellation Corvus, which rises after midnight this time of year.
	www.cloudynights.com /ubbthreads/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/285240/Main/285240 (125 words)

	NGC 4038/9 - The Antennae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Susan Neff (GSFC) and I have imaged the interacting galaxy pair NGC 4038/9 (the Antennae) with the VLA in the BnA and CnB configurations, in 1997 and 1998.
		The purpose of the observations was to image the regions of recent star formation stimulated by the ongoing merger, and to combine the radio data with images in other wavebands in order to constrain the properties of the star formation.
		A paper on the results was submitted to AJ in November 1999.
	www.aoc.nrao.edu /~julvesta/projects/ngc4038.html (185 words)

	Joshua Edward Barnes: Publications
		`Hubble Space Telescope Observations of NGC 6240: A Case Study of an Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy with Obscured Activity', Joris Gerssen, Roeland P. van der Marel, David Axon, J. Christopher Mihos, Lars Hernquist, and Joshua E. Barnes, 2004, Astron.
		Mapping of NGC 4038/9 (``The Antennae'') and its Tidal Dwarf Galaxy Candidates', J.E. Hibbard, J.M. van der Hulst, J.E. Barnes, and R.M. Rich, 2001.
		`HST observations of NGC 6240', Joris Gerssen, Roeland P. van der Marel, David Axon, Chris Mihos, Lars Hernquist, and Joshua E. Barnes, 2001.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /~barnes/pub.html (1124 words)

	SSCs in the Antennae Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The blue-white knots are young massive super star clusters (SSCs) that may become globular clusters, but the youngest star clusters are buried in gas and dust in the dark overlap region between the merging galaxies.
		We are studying both the young embedded SSCs in the Antennae and the older ones seen in as blue knots by HST.
		We have also obtained high-resolution near-IR spectrocscopy of several of the brightest blue SSCs whose light is dominated by photospheric emission, in order to measure their velocity dispersions, and hence their masses.
	astron.berkeley.edu /~agilbert/sscs/antennae (336 words)

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