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Topic: NGC 4548

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	Special Herschel List
		Planetary Nebulae: NGC 40,NGC 246,NGC 651,NGC 1501,NGC 1535,NGC 2022,NGC 2371,NGC 2372,NGC 2392,NGC 2438,NGC 2440,NGC 3242,NGC 4361,NGC 6369,NGC 6445,NGC 6543,NGC 6629,NGC 6781,NGC 6818,NGC 6826,NGC 6905,NGC 7008,NGC 7009,NGC 7662,
		Globular Clusters: NGC 288,NGC 2419,NGC 4147,NGC 5466,NGC 5634,NGC 5694,NGC 5897,NGC 6144,NGC 6171,NGC 6229,NGC 6235,NGC 6284,NGC 6287,NGC 6293,NGC 6304,NGC 6316,NGC 6342,NGC 6355,NGC 6356,NGC 6401,NGC 6426,NGC 6440,NGC 6517,NGC 6522,NGC 6528,NGC 6544,NGC 6553,NGC 6569,NGC 6624,NGC 6638,NGC 6642,NGC 6712,NGC 6934,NGC 7006,
		C/N: NGC 1931,NGC 1980,NGC 2244,NGC 2264,NGC 6514,NGC 6823,NGC 7380,
	www.physics.ohio-state.edu /~trittman/SpecialHerschelList.html (354 words)

	Galaxies
		NGC 1055 - A "boxy/bulge" galaxy in Cetus.
		NGC 5907 - An edge-on galaxy in Draco
		NGC 7814 - An edge-on galaxy in Pegasus
	www.astrophotos.net /pages/galaxies.htm (1132 words)

	Coma Berenices - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		M64 (NGC 4826) is known as the Black Eye Galaxy because of its prominent dark dust lane in front of the galaxy's bright nucleus.
		NGC 4565 is a spiral galaxy that is seen edge-on, and is called the "Needle Galaxy" for that reason.
		NGC 4147 is a somewhat dimmer (magnitude 10.2m) globular cluster with a much smaller apparent size.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coma_Berenices (1560 words)

	Other known galaxies
		NGC 6822 Irregular Barnard's Galaxy (Caldwell 57) in Sagittarius
		NGC 5139 Omega Centauri Globular Cluster (Lacaille I.
		NGC 2070 Diffuse Nebula (Lacaille I.2, Bennett 35, Caldwell 103) in LMC in Dorado
	pages.infinit.net /bluhaze/Glxs2.htm (1240 words)

	4 Distance to the Virgo cluster from Cepheids
		For NGC 4535, the HI deficiency is low, but putting it into class 1 would lead to a larger derived Virgo distance than the previous galaxies, so we attribute it to class 2.
		NGC 4496A belongs to the Virgo southern extension and is not HI deficient; it is therefore tempting to put it into class 1, but again putting it into class 2 leads to a derived Virgo distance in better agreement with the remaining galaxies.
		Finally, NGC 4536 also belongs to the Virgo southern extension and has a small HI deficiency, and it may be put into class 1 or 2, once its recession velocity is corrected for a random component.
	aanda.u-strasbg.fr:2002 /papers/aa/full/2001/33/aa1326/node4.html (692 words)

	[No title]
		NGC 4150 Pretty bright, pretty large, much elongated 2.5 X 1 in PA 135, stellar nucleus embedded in a bright middle at 135X.
		NGC 4494 bright, pretty large, round, much brighter middle at 100X With 13" on a 7/10 night at Cherry Road it is bright, pretty large, round, very suddenly very much brighter in the middle with a bright nucleus at 150X.
		NGC 4548 pretty bright, pretty large, somewhat elongated 1.2X1 in PA 135 at 150X, somewhat brighter middle.
	www.saguaroastro.org /content/db/textversions/COMA-BERENICES.TXT (3108 words)

	Astron. Astrophys. 349, 411-423 (1999)
		The field was centered on NGC 4548 (Table 1).
		NGC 4548 was observed in 1994 with the IRAM 30 m telescope at Pico Veleta (Granada, Spain).
		NGC 4548 was observed at the nominal central coordinates and at different position offsets of 40" (Fig.
	aa.springer.de /papers/9349002/2300411/sc2.htm (863 words)

	NGC 4571 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		NGC 4571 was one of the discoveries of William Herschel who listed it as H III.602.
		It was proposed as possible candidate for M91 by John Herschel in his General Catalogue (GC), and consequently in Dreyer's NGC; we now know that M91 is very probably NGC 4548 (H II.120).
		NGC 4571 came into discussion in summer 1994 when a group of astronomers at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) used observations of 3 Cepheids in this galaxy for a determination of the Hubble constant.
	www.obspm.fr /messier/xtra/ngc/n4571.html (148 words)

	Ephemeris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		NGC 4762 and 4754 are a fantastic first deep sky find, and can be seen in the same field of view with Struve 1689.
		NGC 4725 is a 2 degree hop South -- a nice face-on Mag 9 barred spiral.
		NGC 4631 is another gorgeous edge-on galaxy with a little companion not too far away in Canes Venatici..
	ephemeris.sjaa.net /9902/h.html (885 words)

	May 1999, Fuzzy Spot
		NGC 4147 (12h10.1 +18 33) We'll start of with a globular cluster, which at 140X was seen as a little bright, pretty small, and irregularly round.
		NGC 4192 (12h13.9 +14 55) This galaxy is M-98, which I saw as big, somewhat bright, very elongated NW/SE, with a slightly brighter middle and an occasional nucleus.
		NGC 4548 (12h35.5 +14 30) Our last Messier object of the month, M-91 was seen as a little bright, somewhat large, and containing a slightly brighter middle.
	www.users.qwest.net /~kreeves/fuzzy/may_1999.html (1021 words)

	[No title]
		NGC 3489 in Leo appeared to be in the middle of the ‘stem’ of a faint mushroom-shaped field of faint stars.
		NGC 3166 in Sextans was again barely visible, with an intriguing asterism to its south forming a flattened hexagon, not unlike a ‘Kraft’ logo.
		NGC 3486 in Leo Minor was again in a star-poor field with only one star to its north for company, but I just held it in averted vision.
	www.weasner.com /etx/observations/2005/kudlowski/2005_03.doc (3984 words)

	(Yet Another) Messier Catalogue
		Synopsis: NGC 1976, usually known as the Orion Nebula; emission nebula; located in Orion, near theta Orionis (a multiple star, usually known as the Trapezium); R.A. 05:35.4, dec. -05:27; magnitude 5; distance 300 pc (1,000 light years).
		Synopsis: NGC 2632, usually known as Praesepe or the Beehive cluster; open cluster; located in Cancer, within the triangle formed by delta, Gamma and eta Cnc; R.A. 08:40.1, dec. +19:59; magnitude 3.1; distance 200 pc (500 light years).
		Synopsis: NGC 4548; galaxy (SBb); located in Coma Berenices, in the centre of the Virgo Galaxy Cluster; R.A. 12:35.4, dec. +14:30; magnitude 10.2; distance unknown.
	www.peripatus.gen.nz /Astronomy/MesCat.html (6035 words)

	Messier Object 91
		Thus, for a long time, M91 was a missing Messier object, as Messier had determined its position from M89 while he thought it was from M58, as the Texas amateur William C. Williams of Fort Worth has figured out in 1969 (Williams 1969).
		Thus, the identity of M91 with NGC 4548, which had been cataloged H II.120 by William Herschel on April 8, 1784, was finally uncovered.
		The Discovery of Cepheids in the Virgo Cluster Galaxy NGC 4548.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m091.html (543 words)

	David's Astronomy - Herschel Objects
		Herschel 120-2 - NGC 4548 / M91(Spiral Galaxy)
		Herschel 139-1 - NGC 4303 / M61(Spiral Galaxy)
		Herschel 1-4 / NGC 7009 Planetary Nebula (Saturn Nebula)
	www.richweb.f9.co.uk /astro/herschel_objects.htm (934 words)

	The Missing Messier Objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		M91 was much more difficult to reconstruct; finally, Messier had measured the position of this galaxy from the previously discovered M89, but thought he had used M58, as the amateur astronomer William C. Williams of Texas had found out and thus identified M91 with NGC 4548, now generally accepted and quite safe.
		Moreover it may be that Charles Messier has observed this object when measuring the position of M102 which he wrote by hand into his personal copy of the catalog, but did a data reduction error again, plotting it exactly 5 degrees west (preceding) of its true position in right ascension.
		To summarize: The four missing Messier objects were probably missed because of errata of Messier in data reduction, in detail one sign error (for M47), one mistaken comparison object (for M91) and one or, probably, two "grid" errors, i.e.
	astronomy.nju.edu.cn /astron/messier/missing.html (613 words)

	M-91, Barred Spiral Galaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		There have been a number of suggestions as to the true identify of what he saw that night, and most references now call NGC 4548 "M-91", after amateur astronomer W.C. Williams showed in a letter published in the Dec. 1969 issue of Sky and Tel.
		NGC 4548 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices.
		Like many barred spirals with small nuclei NGC 4548 has a strong energy source in its center.
	www.kopernik.org /images/archive/m91.htm (333 words)

	110 Messier Objects Photos. M Object Images Galaxy Pictures
		M82, NGC 3034, Cigar Galaxy and M81, APD 00 02 09
		M87, NGC 4486, Virgo A Elliptical Galaxy, AAT 60
		NGC 4486, M87, Jet from Virgo A, APD 00 07 06
	www.biochem.szote.u-szeged.hu /astrojan/messiert.htm (345 words)

	RASC Calgary Centre - Constellation of the Month
		As mentioned, objects are grouped roughly by brightness, ranging from naked eye brightness to being a struggle with a 16" scope.
		The Messier Objects are all present, as are the 110 Finest NGC objects from the The RASC Observer's Handbook as well as many of the objects on the list of RASC Deep-Sky Challenge Objects.
		NGC 5272 (M3 NGC 5544 and NGC 5545
	www.syz.com /rasc/constellations (589 words)

	Island Universes - Starhopping through the Virgo/Coma Realm of Galaxies
		M89 (NGC 4552 mag 9.81) is 1½ degrees N NW of the twins.
		NGC 4725 is a 2 degree hop South - a nice face-on Mag 9 barred spiral.
		NGC 4565 was a degree away to the west.
	observers.org /reports/98.05.05.html (1104 words)

	William C. Williams: Letter on M91 (S&T 12/1969) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		It can be simply demonstrated that the lost Messier object M91 is very probably the galaxy NGC 4548, at right ascension 12h 32m.9, declination +14d 46' (1950 coordinates).
		My solution of the puzzle assumes that Messier determined the position of NGC 4548 by measuring its right ascension and declination relative to those of the nearby galaxy M89 (since there are no suitable reference stars in the vicinity):
		Since NGC 4548 is probably the long-lost M91, as a Messier Club member I would be pleased to see this fine spiral galaxy returned to the Messier catalogue.
	www.moonguy.com /messier/xtra/history/williams69.html (300 words)

	PPT Slide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The Cepheids in NGC 1365, Silbermann, N.A., et al.
		The Discovery of Cepheids in the Virgo Cluster Galaxy NGC 4548, Graham, J.A. et al.
		The Discovery of Cepheids and a New Distance to NGC 4535 Using the Hubble Space Telescope, Macri, L.M. et al.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/p/phelpsr/teaching/Astr199/Astrophysics/Lecture_DistanceLadder/tsld067.htm (215 words)

	* M91 - (Astronomy): Definition
		M91 (NGC 4548) is another spiral galaxy, but is a rather confusing object, sometimes being labelled M58.
		così fece l'astrofilo William C. Williams del Texas che identificò M91 con NGC 4548, che ora è generalmente accettata come M91.
		In precedenza si presumeva che M91 potesse essere la galassia di 12° magnitudine NGC 4571,...
	en.mimi.hu /astronomy/m91.html (203 words)

	Messier Object 91 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Thus, the identity of M91 with NGC 4548, which had been cataloged H II.120 by William Herschel, was finally uncovered.
		Previously, opinions have been around that M91 had either been a comet which the great comet hunter Messier mistook for a nebula, and Owen Gingerich had suspected that it had been a duplicate observation of M58.
		As its recession velocity is only about 400 km/sec, it has a considerable peculiar velocity toward us through the Virgo cluster, about 700 km/sec, as the cluster's recession velocity is about 1100 km/sec.
	digilander.libero.it /COA/m091.htm (203 words)

	List of Nice Objects
		NGC 4548 M 091 12 35.5 43 09 5.4x4.4 10.2 Spiral Galaxy c
		NGC 4594 M 104 12 39.9 -11 37 7.0x1.5 8.2 Spiral Galaxy a
		For the next set of objects which goes up to 29 arc minutes, the images are 15 mm with the 12" f10, 10 mm with the 10" f10 and 6.6 mm with the 10" f6.3.
	www.mailbag.com /users/ragreiner/objects.html (6592 words)

	March - May: Middle Latitudes
		There are also some interesting open star clusters, including M 40, M 46, M 47, M 67 and M 93 (but they aren't as interesting as the stuff in the southern sky).
		M 105 (NGC 3379): Magnitude 9.3, angular size 5 x 4 minutes, RA 10h 48m, dec +12 deg 35'
		M 65 (NGC 3623): Magnitude 9.3, angular size 10 x 3 minutes, RA 11h 19m, dec +13 deg 5'
	www.gecdsb.on.ca /d&g/astro/html/midsky-2.html (663 words)

	Spiral Galaxy M91 = NGC 4548 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		This CCD image shows the bright spiral galaxy M91 (NGC 4548) in Virgo.
		It is notable for its central bar and for the intricate detail of star-forming regions and dust in its spiral arms.
		I used a logarithmic intensity transformation to preserve information across a wide dynamic range.
	www.astr.ua.edu /gifimages/ngc4548.html (119 words)

	NGC 4 Star Images, Outer Sky Photos Deep Space Pictures
		NGC 945, NOAO, Coloured by Astrojan ¶, Cetus
		NGC 1952, M1, Crab Nebula in X ray, APD 99 09 29
		NGC 4945, Dusty Southern Spiral Galaxy, AAT 101
	www.biochem.szote.u-szeged.hu /astrojan/ngc4t.htm (208 words)

	Herschel's numbers for Messier objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		M76 p NGC 651 H I.193 M82 e NGC 3034 H IV.79 M91 m NGC 4548 H II.120 in M101 p NGC 5447 H III.787 in M101 p NGC 5461 H III.788 in M101 p NGC 5462 H III.789 M102?
		m NGC 5866 H I.215 M104 a NGC 4594 H I.43 M105 a NGC 3379 H I.17 M106 a NGC 4258 H V.43 M107 a NGC 6171 H VI.40 M108 a NGC 3556 H V.46 M109 a NGC 3992 H IV.61 M110 a NGC 205 H V.18
		M105 a NGC 3379 H I.17 M104 a NGC 4594 H I.43 M 61 e NGC 4303 H I.139 at M 51 p NGC 5195 H I.186 pt.M 76 p NGC 651 H I.193 M102?
	www.obspm.fr /messier/xtra/similar/her-m.html (211 words)

	IMAGE INDEX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		NGC 6613 NGC 6611 NGC 6681 NGC 6656
		NGC 6682 NGC 6682 NGC 6682 NGC 6682
		23:NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682 NGC 2682
	nfo.edu /image.old.htm (3417 words)

	IMAGE INDEX
		NGC 2632 NGC 2168 NGC 2099 NGC 2068 NGC 1960 NGC 1952 NGC 1912 NGC 1982 NGC 1976 NGC 1904
		NGC 7654 NGC 7092 NGC 6913 NGC 7078 NGC 7089 NGC 7099
		NGC 6121 NGC 6093 NGC 5904 NGC 4552 NGC 4548 NGC 4501 NGC 4486 NGC 4472 NGC 4406 NGC 4382 NGC 4374 NGC 4321 NGC 4303 NGC 4254 NGC 4192 NGC 3627 NGC 3623 NGC 4258
	nfo.edu /image.htm (268 words)

	Cousin Ricky's Amateur Astronomy--Will the Real Messier Catalog Please Stand Up?
		It seems pointless to me to log the same object twice, so I'll adopt the popular NGC 5866 as a placeholder.
		However, I won't refer to NGC 5866 as M102 as long as there is no consensus that Pierre Méchain erred in admitting error.
		he wrote that it was because many people did not accept NGC 205 as a Messier object.
	cac.uvi.edu /staff/rc3/astro/m102.html (600 words)

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