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Topic: NIBMAR

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	No Independence Before Majority African Rule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		NIBMAR or No Independence Before Majority African Rule refers to the policy where Afro-Asian-Caribbean members of the British Empire were not to receive independence unless they had put in place democratic reforms resulting in majority rule rather than rule by the white colonial minority.
		In particular, this position was advocated with respect to the future status of Rhodesia as a sovereign nation.
		British Prime Minister Harold Wilson was pressured into adopting the approach during a conference in London.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NIBMAR (215 words)

	Rhodesia Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Southern Rhodesia remained a British colony and came to be known simply as Rhodesia.
		The British government adopted a policy known as NIBMAR (No Independence Before Majority African Rule), to the consternation of the white minority Rhodesian Front (RF) government, led by Ian Smith.
		On November 11, 1965, Smith unilaterally declared the country independent from British rule, in what became known as the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) by the Rhodesian Government.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/r/rh/rhodesia.html (618 words)

	Amazon.com: NIBMAR: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Wilson's compromise was to hold the threat of NIBMAR over...
		NIBMAR, No Independence Before Majority Rule, 123, 151, 184, 213, 254-255,...
		Their aims came to be known as 'Nibmar' - No Independence Before Majority Rule.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=NIBMAR&tag=httpexplaguid-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (891 words)

	SBF Glossary: NI to NNW
		This was opposed by the British government, which was formally committed to a policy of NIBMAR.
		NIBMAR had been promoted by African, Asian, and Caribbean members of the British Commonwealth for years before the Rhodesias split up.
		They were not enough for Smith, at least in the 1960's, and on November 11, 1965, his administration unilaterally declared independence (see UDI).
	www.plexoft.com /SBF/N03.html (9904 words)

	Amazon.com: NIBMAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		IDC, IRC, MHLG, NBPI, NEDC, NIBMAR, NRDC, ODM, OPD, PESC, PNQ,...
		Independence Before Majority African Rule" (NIBMAR) was launched as an early...
		(121) [769] 954-5 [770] 190-1 Nibmar pledge [770] 1090-1 Passports [765]...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=NIBMAR&tag=acronymfinder-20&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (1030 words)

	Zimbabwe - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In 1953, Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia (now called Zambia) combined with Nyasaland (now called Malawi) to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, also called the Central African Federation.
		After the federation dissolved in 1963, the white minority administration in Southern Rhodesia (called simply Rhodesia from 1964) demanded independence, but the British government had adopted a policy of No Independence Before Majority African Rule (NIBMAR).
		In response, the government of Prime Minister Ian Smith made a unilateral declaration of independence on November 11, 1965.
	en.wikipedia.2es.com.pl /wiki/Zimbabwe (3091 words)

	Zimbabwe
		In 1953 Southern and Northern Rhodesia were combined with Nyasaland, (now called Malawi) to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
		After the federation was dissolved in 1963, the white minority Afrikaner administration in Southern Rhodesia (known simply as Rhodesia from 1964) demanded independence, but the British government had adoped a policy of NIBMAR - No Independence Before Majority African Rule.
		In response, the government of Afrikaner leader Ian Smith made a unilateral declaration of independence on November 11, 1965.
	www.creekin.net /n202-zimbabwe.html (1492 words)

	Ian Smith Summary
		Field's failure to secure independence from Britain when the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was dissolved in 1963 left many dissatisfied with his leadership and in April 1964 Smith deposed him.
		Smith was staunchly opposed to Britain's insistence (see NIBMAR) that the government of Rhodesia be transferred to the fl majority control as an essential prerequisite for independence.
		Smith at one point stated that there would be no plans to bring Rhodesia under fl majority rule in his lifetime, and he later added, "or [his] children's" (though Smith maintained in his memoirs that he was referring to Majority Rule as it was in other African countries such as Ghana, Uganda, Tanzania, and Nigeria).
	www.bookrags.com /Ian_Smith (5103 words)

	Zw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In 1953 the two parts of Rhodesia were combined with Nyasaland, (now called Malawi) to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
		After its dissolution in 1963, the white minority government in Southern Rhodesia (known simply Rhodesia from 1964) demanded independence, but the British government had adoped a policy of NIBMAR - No Independence Before Majority African Rule.
		In response, Ian Smith's government made a unilateral declaration of independence on November 11, 1965.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Zw (1564 words)

	Rhodesia - Mzilikaze to Smith
		Britain now made an additional demand, that Rhodesia return to "legality" by renouncing UDI and accepting a British governor for Rhodesia.
		Rhodesia's rejection of these preconditions led to Britain's formally withdrawing all offers of an independent constitution, and adopting the standpoint that there could be no independence before majority rule (NIBMAR).
		Britain then went to the UN and appealed for selected mandatory sanctions to include oil.
	www.rhodesia.nl /mztosm.html (6662 words)

	Welcome to MY world: May 2005
		I appreciate that we can no longer gunboat around the world setting things to rights but the very existence of that country is down to our interference in the first place.
		We insisted on NIBMAR which was acronym for No Independence Before Majority African Rule.
		I seem to remember that Jack Straw and Peter Hain were active in insisting on NIBMAR back when they ran RentaMob campaigns.
	22674586.blogspot.com /2005_05_01_22674586_archive.html (12366 words)

	British Empire: The Map Room: Africa: Rhodesia
		African nations who had recently received their independence from the British demanded that something be done about the racism of Rhodesia.
		The British felt morally compelled to back these claims and instituted its 'No Independence Before Majority African Rule' (NIBMAR) policy.
		They had been embarrassed by what happened in South Africa and did not want a repeat of that performance in Rhodesia.
	www.britishempire.co.uk /maproom/rhodesia.htm (1989 words)

	SBF Glossary: Z to Z80
		A referendum of Southern Rhodesia settlers in 1922 rejected incorporation with the Union of South Africa, and in 1923 it was granted a separate local administration.
		For some subsequent history, see the NIBMAR and UDI entries.
		Back during the civil war, there were a couple of different liberation movements.
	www.plexoft.com /SBF/Z.html (6498 words)

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