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	NKVD troika - Uberpedia, the ultimate online resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		NKVD troika or Troika, in Soviet Union history, were commissions of three people employed as an additional instrument of extrajudicial punishment (внесудебная расправа, внесудебное преследование) introduced to supplement the legal system with a means for quick punishment of anti-Soviet elements.
		The chairman of a troika was the chief of the corresponding territorial subdivision of NKVD (People's Commissar of a republican NKVD, etc.).
		Usually a troika included the prosecutor of the republic/krai/oblast in question; if not, he was allowed to be present at the session of a troika.
	www.uberpedia.org /wiki/NKVD_troika (505 words)

	Wikinfo \| NKVD troika
		The Russian word troika, "threesome", was used during the Great Purge period in the Soviet Union.
		Troikas supplemented the previous legal system with a means for quick judgments of dissidents or people accused of "counter-revolutionary" crimes.
		According to the NKVD order # 00447 by July 30, 1937 undersigned by Nikolai Yezhov, troikas were created on the levels of republic, krai, and oblast.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=NKVD_troika (355 words)

	NKVD troika - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Russian word troika literally means "threesome" or "triumvirate".
		The very first "troika" of repressive type was instituted in 1918, the members being Felix Dzerzhinsky, Yakov Peters, and Left Eser V.
		Troikas of this purpose functioned for about a year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NKVD_troika (528 words)

	Troika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A general meaning of the Russian word troika is a collection of three of any kind.
		The Troika, a science fiction novel by Stepan Chapman.
		Troika (pottery), an art pottery in Cornwall from 1963 to 1983.
	troika.iqnaut.net (73 words)

	NKVD - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about NKVD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Polish military officers and reporters standing over the mass graves of thousands of Polish soldiers shot by the Russian political police (NKVD) at Katyn Forest, Poland, in the spring of 1943.
		The NKVD was responsible for Stalin's infamous purges.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /NKVD (100 words)

	Great Purge - WikiLeasing.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Great Purge was started under the NKVD chief Genrikh Yagoda, but the height of the campaigns occurred while the NKVD was eaded by Nikolai Yezhov, from September 1936 to August 1938; this period is sometimes referred to as the 'Yezhovshchina' ("Yezhov era").
		A series of national operations of the NKVD was carried out during 1937-1940, justified by the fear of the fifth column in the expectation of war with "the most probable adversary", i.e., Germany, as well as according to he notion of the "hostile capitalist surrounding", which wants to destabilize the country.
		NKVD local officials were amndated to arrest and execute a specific number of "counter-revolutionaries," produced by upper officials based on various statistics.
	www.wikileasing.com /2/Great_Purge.html (3365 words)

	NKVD troika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Russian word troika, threesome, was used during the Great Purge period in the Soviet Union to denote commissions of three persons as an additional instrument of extrajudicial punishment (,) introduced to supplement the legal system with a means for quick punishment of anti-Soviet elements.
		First operational troikas were introduced in the center, in Moscow military okrug in 1929.
		Gradually troika were introduced in other places of the Soviet Union, for various purposes, of different kinds: in addition to operational troikas there were court troikas and extraordinary troikas, special troikas.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /NKVD/NKVD-troika.html (372 words)

	On the Occasion of the 30th Anniversary of the First Mass Deportation - Vytautas Vaitekunas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To start the screening of the archives, as well as the exposal of persons of the aforesaid categories through existing agencies (network), and simultaneously to verify their location as to the place of residence, so that they be taken into operative account immediately.
		Its successful solution depends upon the extent to which the district operative "troikas" (a body consisting of three members) and operative headquarters are able of carefully working out a plan for carrying out the operation, and providing in advance for all necessaries.
		Because of the shortage of the means of transportation and convoying MVD (NKVD) troops, not all deportation waves embraced all parts of occupied Lithuania.
	www.lituanus.org /1971/71_2_01.htm (4405 words)

	[No title]
		The effects of the NKVD activities in Poland from September 1939 to June 1941 proved to be disastrous and appalling.
		The first official information on the detentions and deportations made by the NKVD was given to the Polish conspiratory authorities as late as half a year afterwards during a conference called in Belgrade by the Commander-in-Chief of the Military Struggle Union (29.05.-02.06.1940).
		The examination of the proposals and issuing the sentence was entrusted to the "troika" of high NKVD officials: Merkulov, Kabulov and Bashtakov.
	www.coldwarhistory.us /Cold_War/Katyn_Massacre/Miednoje__Katyn.htm (2961 words)

	Informat.io on Lavrentiy Beria
		Under Nikolai Yezhov, the NKVD carried out prosecution of the perceived enemies of the state known as the Great Purge, that affected millions of people.
		The NKVD itself was then purged, with half its personnel replaced by Beria loyalists, many of them from the Caucasus.
		In January 1946 Beria left the post of the head of the NKVD (which was soon renamed MVD), while retaining general control over national security matters from his post of Deputy Prime Minister, under Stalin.
	www.informat.io /?title=lavrentiy-beria (3476 words)

	Lavrenty Beria Encyclopedia Article @ RussianWealth.com (Russian Wealth) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nikolai Yezhov, the NKVD carried out prosecution of the perceived enemies of the state known as the
		NKVD also ensured the necessary security and secrecy of the project.
		The NKVD troops in Moscow which had been under Beria's command were disarmed by regular Army units.
	www.russianwealth.com /encyclopedia/Lavrenty_Beria (3347 words)

	Katyn Massacre
		The first time the conclusion of the NKVD was made publicly available in its entirety was in September 1993 in the "Military-Historical Magazine." This document was found in the Archives of the USSR.
		The decision of the Special Committee of the NKVD about the reference and imprisonment into correctional-working camps of each person should be accompanied by the instruction of the reason of the application of these measures, area of imprisonment and term of imprisonment.
		Furthermore, the Special Commission of the NKVD issued orders to the Starobelsk prisoners of war camp, where the Polish officers were previously held, to destroy the documentation regarding their prisoner of war status.
	www.geocities.com /spetsnaz_ak/katyn_massacre-2.html (11916 words)

	Repression, deportation
		On 28 August 1937 he was arrested by the NKVD Commission and Public prosecutor’s office of USSA; and according to the Article 58-6--9-11 of Criminal Code of RSFSR on 30 October 1937 he was shot in Leningrad.
		On 15 August 1937 he was arrested by Special “Troika” of UNKVD LO and on 5 November 1937 he was condemned to death according to the Article 58-10 of Criminal Code of RSFSR.
		On 28 November 1937 he was arrested by NKVD Commission and Public prosecutor’s office of USSA and on 15 December that year was condemned and according to the Article 58-6- 9- 11of Criminal Code of USSR on 20 December 1937 year he was shot in Leningrad.
	www.bessarabia.ru /6a.htm (1421 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The figures presented in this column show the number of cases undertaken by the state security bodies during the given year rather than the number of persons that were eventually convicted and sentenced (for example, this category includes those released during investigation).
		It should be taken into account that the "convicted" are not necessarily included in the number of those "brought to trial" during the same year, as the conviction often took place in the successive calendar year after the beginning of trial.
		[ii] Troika (or NKVD troika) – literally "triumvirate" – a commission of three people (usually at the level of region) employed as an additional instrument of extrajudicial punishment introduced to supplement the legal system with a means for quick punishment, especially during the Great Purge.
	www.osa.ceu.hu /2005/publications/terrorstatsen.htm (1903 words)

	Document 71
		On 16 November 1937, the “troika” of the Odessa regional NKVD Board sentenced him to death and he was shot.
		He was arrested and, on 9 October 1938, the “troika” of the Odessa regional NKVD sentenced him to be shot.
		He was arrested in 1937, and, on 21 November 1937, the “troika” of the Odessa regional NKVD sentenced him to be shot.
	www.yale.edu /annals/Chase/Documents/doc71chapt7.htm (4264 words)

	The Soviet War Crimes Against Poland: Katyn - www.ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On the one hand there are the events during the years 1939-1940, the functioning of prisoner of war camps, the interrogations by the NKVD resulting in a mass death sentence and the conduction of the executions proper.
		The activity of the NKVD’s investigation groups in the camps quickly brought much operative intelligence information which incriminated the prisoners from the point of view of the Soviet rulers and unmasked them as stubborn “enemies of the people” and thus of Soviet power not susceptible of re-education.
		The organs of the NKVD from the western districts of Ukraine and Belorussia have uncovered quite a number of counterrevolutionary rebellious organizations.
	p102.ezboard.com /frodohforumfrm12.showMessage?topicID=180.topic (4579 words)

	Visit our Guest Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Under Beria many of the NKVD officers and First Secretaries responsible for thousands of executions and deportations were tried and often executed themselves for executing innocent people and using torture against those arrested.
		What has not been understood until now is that the setting up of the troikas, and large quotas for executions and deportations, was initiated at the insistence of the First Secretaries, not of Stalin.
		However, once Beria had replaced Yezhov as head of the NKVD (formally, in December 1938; in practice, perhaps a few weeks earlier) a continuous stream of rehabilitations took place.
	www.cpiml.in /060313.htm (2032 words)

	Troika - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		NKVD troika, a commission of three for express judgment in the Soviet Union during the time of Joseph Stalin
		Troika (system), a wealth management system used to administer and account for trusts, companies and other entities.
		Troika is a computer company that create Amy'05 PowerPC motherboard based on Tundra TSI-107 northbridge chipset and AMD CS5536 southbridge chipset.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Troika (235 words)

	Chechen Republic - Chechen-Ingush delegation to Ordzhonikidze
		The Chechen-Ingush government knew full well that the NKVD was the main cause of the evil, and that as long as any chekist continued to wield more power than the Chechen prime minister, there could be no improvement.
		First, the two NKVD prisons in Grozny were filled: the 'inner prison' for the hardened counter- revolutionaries (about 1,000) and the 'external prison' to which about 4,000 people were sent.
		As it would have been impossible to carry out the death sentences pronounced by the troika within the assigned time, a special 'execution hall' was established for the extermination of large groups.
	chechen.8m.com /history/thir_for.html (3157 words)

	Ask Us A Question - Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (Georgian: ááá•á á”áá¢á ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Eventually, Gaioz was charged with violating Article 58 for alleged counter-revolutionary activities and was executed in 1938 by the orders of the NKVD troika.
		In September Beria was appointed head of the Main Administration of State Security (GUGB) of the NKVD, and in November he succeeded Yezhov as head of NKVD (Yezhov was executed in 1940).
		In July 1945, as Soviet police ranks were converted to a uniform military system, Beria's rank was converted to that of a Marshal of the Soviet Union.
	www.sanpablocaus.com /info/Lavrenty_Beria (3786 words)

	NKVD - FUTEF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The 'NKVD' ('Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del') (Russian: 'НКВД', 'Народный комиссариат внутренних дел') or 'People's Commisariat for Internal Affairs' was a government department which handled a number of t...
		1940) was a senior figure in the NKVD (the Soviet secret police) during the period of the Great Purge.
		'NKVD troika' or 'Troika', in Soviet Union history, were commissions of three people employed as an additional instrument of extrajudicial punishment (внесудебная расправа, внесудебное преследование) introdu...
	futef.com /q/cats:[NKVD] (510 words)

	NKVD Order no. 00485 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		NKVD Order no. 00485, (On measures to protect the USSR from penetration of spying, terrorist and diversion elements), approved on August 9, 1937 by the VKP(b) Central Committee Politburo and signed by Nikolai Yezhov on August 11, 1937 was the basis for Polish operation of the NKVD in 1937-1938.
		NKVD troikas summarized materials of investigations into lists (typed horizontally, hence the name) sent for decision by the regional chief of NKVD and prosecutor (the commission informally known as dvoika (twosome), unlike troika, the term was not used officially).
		However even the album form was considered too burdensome, and Special Troikas were introduced locally to implement verdicts immediately, without correspondence with Moscow.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /NKVD/NKVD-Order-no-00485.html (240 words)

	Leftwing Monsters V: Joseph Stalin (Continued I)
		The troika judges at regional levels were primarily concerned with meeting the sentencing quotas set in advance by the Stalin government; thus trials were, for the most part, brief affairs of largely predetermined outcomes.
		In many cases the defendants were not even present; their trials consisted solely of the troika reading their files.
		A troika would commonly review hundreds of files per day, meaning that the judicial system provided most prisoners with only a few minutes - if not seconds - to have their cases considered.
	www.frontpagemag.com /ARticles/Printable.asp?ID=19893 (2459 words)

	Joseph Stalin killer file (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He criticises the troika and Stalin in particular, accusing him of using coercion to force non-Russian republics to join the Soviet Union and saying he is "crude" and is accumulating too much power through his office of general secretary.
		The campaign of terror, flamed by the secret police (the NKVD, or People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs - the forerunner of the KGB, or Komitet Gosudarstvenoi Bezopasnosti), extends throughout the party and into the general community, including the military high command.
		Civilians repatriated from Germany are kept under surveillance by the NKVD and forbidden to go within 100 km of Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev.
	www.moreorless.au.com /killers/stalin.html (4597 words)

	Document 21
		[She was] readmitted [to the party] by the party troika of the CCC VKP(b), protocol No. 390 of 26/VI-31, her membership to be considered without interruption.
		On the decision of the NKVD and the Office of the Procurator of the USSR on 7 September 1937, he was sentenced to be shot.
		On the decision of the Special Council of the NKVD USSR of 23 December 1940, she was sentenced to five years in prison.
	www.yale.edu /annals/Chase/Documents/doc21chapt4.htm (5799 words)

	Great Purge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A series of NKVD (the Soviet secret police) operations affected a number of national minorities, perceived as the fifth column.
		The height of the campaigns occurred while the NKVD was headed by Nikolai Yezhov, from September 1936 to August 1938; this period is sometimes referred to as the Yezhovshchina ("Yezhov era").
		By the summer of 1938, everyone in power realized that the purges had gone too far, and Yezhov was relieved from his head of NKVD post (remaining People's Commissar of Water Transport) and eventually purged.
	great-purge.iqnaut.net (3471 words)

	Ask Us A Question - The Great Purge (Russian: Ð‘Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐºÐ°, transliterated ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Several hundreds of thousands were executed by shooting and millions were forcibly resettled.
		A series of national operations of the NKVD was carried out during 1937â“1940, justified by the fear of the fifth column in the expectation of war with "the most probable adversary", i.e.
		The commission recommended to rehabilitate every accused with exception of Radek and Yagoda, because Radek's materials required some further checking, and Yagoda was a criminal and one of the falsifiers of the trials (though most of the charges against him had to be dropped too, he was not a "spy", etc.).
	toto.guamus.com /info/Great_Purge (3874 words)

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