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	NMDA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) is an amino acid derivative acting as specific agonist at the NMDA receptor, and therefore mimics the action of the neurotransmitter glutamate on that receptor.
		NMDA is a water-soluble synthetic substance that is not normally found in biological tissue.
		NMDA is an excitotoxin; this trait has applications in behavioral neuroscience research.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NMDA (227 words)

	NMDA receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel which is nonselective to cations.
		Activation of NMDA receptors requires binding of both glutamate and the co-agonist glycine for the efficient opening of the ion channel which is a part of this receptor.
		This property is fundamental to the role of the NMDA receptor in memory and learning, and it has been suggested that this channel is a biochemical substrate of Hebbian learning, where it can act as a coincidence detector for membrane depolarization and synaptic transmission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NMDA_receptor (787 words)

	The Ibogaine Dossier
		Although NMDA receptor antagonists of the phencyclidine (PCP) type are precluded from clinical use because of their psychotomimetic properties, amantadine and memantine have been administered to human patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and spasticity for many years without serious adverse effects.
		Data from binding studies is consistent with differences between three NMDA receptors in the striatum, thalamus and cerebellum with respect to their preferences for agonist or antagonist binding and the modulation of binding by dizocilpine, cations and polyamines.
		A rationale for NMDA receptor antagonist therapy of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
	www.ibogaine.desk.nl /lit-nmda.html (7184 words)

	Dr. Karl Jansen
		Glutamate, NMDA and Sigma Receptors, and the Hippocampus
		NMDA receptors play a central role in the transmission of data from all sensory modalities (Davies and Watkins, 1983; Greenamyre et al., 1984; Headley et al., 1985; Cotman et al., 1987; Cline et al.,1987; Monaghan, Bridges and Cotman, 1988; Kisvardy et al., 1989; Oye et al., 1992).
		NMDA receptors have their highest concentration in the hippocampus, a part of the medial temporal lobe where data from the external world is integrated with internal programs.
	www.mindspring.com /~scottr/nde/jansen1.html (5921 words)

	Review of the Actions of DCS at the NMDA Receptor [MJM 1996 2: 40-50]
		The NMDA receptor complex is a voltage-dependent, ligand-gated ion channel with a high degree of calcium permeability, which has been postulated to exist as an heteromeric pentamer with a central ion-conducting pore (4-6).
		Although the activation of the NMDA receptor complex requires the binding of both co-agonists, only glutamate, which exhibits the characteristics of transient release, has been described as a 'true' neurotransmitter, while glycine appears to be present continuously in the synaptic space (5).
		In addition, the NMDA receptor complexes may not all be sensitive to glycine binding; for example, the co-administration of glycine with NMDA in the striatum elicits only a small increase in NMDA binding when compared with the administration of NMDA alone (29).
	www.medicine.mcgill.ca /mjm/issues/v02n01/nmda.html (6913 words)

	UB Reporter: NMDA receptors function as "frequency discriminator" for neurons, UB biophysicists have found
		NMDA receptors, which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate, have been the focus of intense neuroscience research for good reason, Popescu said.
		NMDA receptors also are involved with pernicious illnesses such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's, and a better understanding of how these proteins work holds great hope for addressing these diseases.
		Of particular importance to the function of these receptors, and often to their malfunction, is the pathway by which these molecules change shape after binding the neurotransmitter glutamate to allow ions to rush into the postsynaptic neuron and send the signal onward.
	www.buffalo.edu /reporter/vol35/vol35n49/articles/NMDAreceptors.html (635 words)

	Glia: NMDA receptors on oligodendrocytes - Cell Signaling Update - Signaling Gateway
		Oligodendrocyte NMDA receptors were less susceptible to Mg block than neuronal receptors, allowing significant current to be generated even at the cell resting potential.
		These studies highlight NMDA receptors of unusual subunit composition as a potential therapeutic target for preventing white matter damage in a range of conditions, and suggest a new mechanism of signalling from axon to myelin under physiological conditions.
		NMDA receptors are expressed in oligodendrocytes and activated in ischaemia.
	www.signaling-gateway.org /update/updates/200602/nrn1857.html (507 words)

	Official NMDA Breed Standard
		NMDA works cooperatively with The American Donkey and Mule Society which presently administers the Miniature Donkey Registry.
		The NMDA Breed Standard is intended to describe the breed and assist breeders in the selection of stock.
		The NMDA encourages breeders to help preserve the structure and character of the Miniature Donkey breed by keeping form and function a priority in their breeding programs.
	www.donkeys.com /NMDA/nmdastandard.htm (2937 words)

	NMDA Receptor Pharmacology
		Since the NMDA receptor was first identified by the selective activation by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, see below), it has become clear that many different subtypes of this receptor could be expressed due to the multiple combinations of individual subunits.
		NMDA itself is an analogue of aspartate (can also act as a weak agonist at most glutamate receptors).
		Glycine is a co-agonist of glutamate at the NMDA receptor, increasing the affinity of the receptor for the endogenous agonist glutamate.
	www.bris.ac.uk /Depts/Synaptic/info/pharmacology/NMDA.html (707 words)

	New Mexico Dressage Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		NMDA is also a Group Member Organization of USDF.
		The organization's purpose is to promote the understanding of dressage and to develop skill and excellence in its use, as well as to encourage, promote and conduct exhibitions, shows, clinics and other events by which interested people may develop their potential as riders and train their horses to the extent of their capabilities.
		As I have asked before, if anyone out there is willing to give back to NMDA by working on the board for a year or two, please contact me. We would love to have you on the board before the year is out to make for a smooth transition.
	www.nmdressage.net (753 words)

	Ontogeny of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor System and Susceptibility to Neurotoxicity -- Haberny et al. 68 ...
		The NMDA receptor is 1 of 3 pharmacologically distinct subtypes
		Rao, H., Jean, A., and Kessler, J. Postnatal ontogeny of glutamate receptors in the rat nucleus tractus solitarii and ventrolateral medulla.
		Zhu, H., and Barr, G. Inhibition of morphine withdrawal by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 in rat is age-dependent.
	toxsci.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/68/1/9 (6417 words)

	Emerging Schizophrenia Treatments Aim to Enhance NMDA Receptor Function
		The hypothesis that NMDA receptor hypofunction might be important in schizophrenia was not given much credence until investigators performed experiments in which healthy volunteers received subanesthetic infusions of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine, a known NMDA receptor antagonist.
		Further evidence of NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia was the discovery of a translocation in the human genome at the location of the GCP II gene.
		The NMDA receptors on GABAergic interneurons in the frontal and temporal cortexes and in the hippocampus may be that discrete subpopulation, he speculated, because studies have shown a heightened sensitivity of those receptors to endogenous and exogenous NMDA receptor antagonists.
	www.neuropsychiatryreviews.com /aug04/npr_aug04_schizo.html (1040 words)

	Integrins Regulate NMDA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Currents -- Lin et al. 89 (5): 2874 -- Journal of Neurophysiology
		and phosphorylates the NR2 subunit of the NMDA receptor (Lau and
		NMDA receptor regulation by Src kinase signalling in excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity.
		Regulation of NMDA receptors by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/5/2874 (3548 words)

	The Novel Neuroprotective Action of Sulfasalazine through Blockade of NMDA Receptors -- Ryu et al. 305 (1): 48 -- ...
		B, cortical cell cultures were exposed to the indicated doses of NMDA for 10 min, alone (filled circles) or in the presence of 300 µM (filled triangles) or 1 mM (open circles) sulfasalazine.
		D, cortical cell cultures were exposed to 300 µM NMDA for 10 min, alone (open triangle) or with the indicated doses of aspirin (open circles) or sulfasalazine (filled circles).
		B, cortical cell cultures were exposed to 300 µM NMDA for 10 min, alone or in the presence of sulfasalazine (SUL; 300 µM or 1000 µM) or PDTC (100 µM or 1000 µM).
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/305/1/48 (5298 words)

	Glycine Tranporter-1 Blockade Potentiates NMDA-Mediated Responses in Rat Prefrontal Cortical Neurons In Vitro and In ...
		Blockade of glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) augments nmda receptor (nmda-r) mediated neuronal responses in rat prefrontal cortex in vitro and in vivo.
		-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the pathophysiology and therapeutics of psychiatric syndromes.
		Calcium-dependent inactivation of synaptic NMDA receptors in hippocampal neurons.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/2/691 (6849 words)

	Glycine and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors: Physiological Significance and Possible Therapeutic Applications -- Danysz ...
		Functional NMDA receptor complexes are formed by combinations of NR1 and NR2 subunits, which contain the glycine and glutamate recognition sites, respectively.
		The open NMDA channel is blocked by Mg and uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists, such as memantine and (+)MK-801, in a voltage-dependent manner, although the speed and voltage dependence of this effect depend on the antagonist affinity and the subunit composition.
		In addition, most NMDA receptors are influenced by Zn ions in a voltage-dependent manner, as well as by oxidation/reduction and pH.
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/50/4/597?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1031537213010_681&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=10&minscore=50&journalcode=pharmrev (6527 words)

	Mechanism linking NMDA receptor activation to modulation of voltage-gated sodium current in distal retina -- Davis and ...
		NMDA was applied for 15 s at 3 different times to the cell.
		B: NMDA was applied 3 times to a catfish cone horizontal cell loaded with calcium green with 100 µM AP-7 in the bathing saline.
		The effect of NMDA on the voltage-gated sodium channels was measured in the presence of one of two CaM antagonists, W-5 and
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/5/C1193 (7140 words)

	Post-pubertal Emergence of Prefrontal Cortical Up States Induced by D1-NMDA Co-activation -- Tseng and O'Donnell 15 ...
		NMDA actions is sufficient to periodically overcome this inhibition.
		striatal NMDA receptors to the postsynaptic membrane (Dunah
		Williams K, Russell SL, Shen YM, Molinoff PB (1993) Developmental switch in the expression of NMDA receptors occurs in vivo and in vitro.
	cercor.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/15/1/49 (4645 words)

	DNA Typing and Parentage Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		During the course of the two DNA studies sponsored by NMDA, we have had several requests from Miniature Donkey owners asking if we would make DNA typing available for owners and breeders wanting to have that information on file.
		After the DNA is processed you will receive a copy of the DNA Type Sheet, which is confidential and under the direct control of the person requesting sampling.
		When DNA Type Sheets are generated by the University of Kentucky they show Accession Numbers that should not be noted on registration papers for reasons of confidentiality.
	www.nmdaasset.com /dnatyping.php (298 words)

	Guilt by association: does the new NMDA live up to its name? Dealernews - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The parties claim that the Scottsdale, Arizona-based group is not a true dealer association in the traditional sense and, by using the name of a consortium of state dealer associations that existed in the late 1970s, could be misrepresenting itself.
		Brotherson, CEO and president of MBA Holdings and the NMDA rejects the claims, saying his corporation is legitimately trying to meet the needs of dealerships facing huge insurance premiums for everything from product liability and health insurance to garage keepers and open lot coverage.
		Brotherson says the NMDA is initially courting Harley-Davidson dealers for membership with a variety of rental programs and financing services.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3323/is_2_41/ai_n13469790 (431 words)

	NMDA receptors are expressed in oligodendrocytes and activated in ischaemia : Nature
		NMDA receptors are present in the myelinating processes of oligodendrocytes, where the small intracellular space could lead to a large rise in intracellular ion concentration in response to NMDA receptor activation.
		Simulating ischaemia led to development of an inward current in oligodendrocytes, which was partly mediated by NMDA receptors.
		These results point to NMDA receptors of unusual subunit composition as a potential therapeutic target for preventing white matter damage in a variety of diseases.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v438/n7071/abs/nature04302.html (280 words)

	NMDA: About the NMDA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The NMDA is actively looking for opportunities to help our members, regardless of size or volume, to minimize their cost and maximize their profit.
		The NMDA wants its dealer members to make a substantial contribution to the lives of all its customers, employees, community and the industry.
		The NMDA is an influence in the motorcycle industry and will strive to impact it even more.
	www.nationalmda.com /About (187 words)

	NMDA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Association's goals are to protect and promote the Miniature Donkey breed and to provide an educational forum for owners and breeders on donkey care and management.
		NMDA publishes a quarterly magazine, the ASSET, which is included with membership.
		To learn more about the National Miniature Donkey Association, go to About NMDA and NMDA Organization.
	www.nmdaasset.com (515 words)

	Regulation of NMDA Receptors by Neuregulin Signaling in Prefrontal Cortex -- Gu et al. 25 (20): 4974 -- Journal of ...
		Regulation of NMDA Receptors by Neuregulin Signaling in Prefrontal Cortex -- Gu et al.
		Regulation of NMDA Receptors by Neuregulin Signaling in Prefrontal Cortex
		NMDA receptor functions have been implicated in the pathophysiology
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/25/20/4974 (393 words)

	Chris Parsons - Frankfurt Memantine Alzheimer´s NMDA
		Barnes, C., Danysz, W., and Parsons, C. G.; (1996) Effects of the uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist memantine on hippocampal long-term potentiation, short-term exploratory modulation and spatial memory in awake, freely moving rats.
		Danysz, W. and Parsons, C.G. (2003) The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine as a symptomatological and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease preclinical evidence.
		Parsons, C. G., Danysz, W., and Quack, G.; (2000) Memantine and the amino-alkyl-cyclohexane MRZ 2/579 are moderate affinity uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists - in vitro characterisation.
	www.chrisparsons.de /Chris (2051 words)

	Rubber Magazine - National PEO Joins NMDA
		The National Motorcycle Dealers Association (NMDA), a subsidiary of MBA Holdings (OTCBB: MBAH), Scottsdale, Ariz., has signed an agreement with National PEO, a professional employer organization, to provide their services to NMDA members.
		National PEO has joined NMDA as a member and is prepared to commit its own resources to publicizing their relationship with the NMDA.
		The NMDA looks forward to their relationship with National PEO and the benefits their services can deliver to NMDA members.
	www.rubbermag.com /news/041028_2n.html (244 words)

	Fibromyalgia, Excessive Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite and Excessive NMDA Activity
		MSG and aspartame are both described as excitotoxins (2), because both glutamate from MSG and aspartate from aspartame, activate the NMDA receptors in the nervous system and may lead to neural damage as a consequence of excessive activation.
		Several research groups have reported that NMDA antagonists, drugs that lower NMDA receptor activity, improve the symptoms of FM patients (3-6), strongly suggesting such activity is excessive in FM and that the excessive activity is responsible for producing FM symptoms.
		So we have three different types of studies that provide support for the inference that NMDA activity is elevated in FM, one of which also provides evidence for a consequent elevated level of nitric oxide synthesis.
	www.fibromyalgiasupport.com /library/showarticle.cfm/ID/4350/e/1/T/CFIDS_FM (1225 words)

	Synaptic Control of Motoneuronal Excitability -- Rekling et al. 80 (2): 767 -- Physiological Reviews
		NMDA receptor subunit expression in spinal cord and brain stem motoneuron pools (EW, III, V, VII, X, NA and XII nuclei) are
		NMDA receptors on motoneurons contribute to glutamatergic transmission, modulate repetitive firing behavior
		Given the involvement of NMDA receptors in control of motoneuron excitability, it is clear that modulation of NMDA channel
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/80/2/767 (8405 words)

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