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	Nitric oxide synthase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a group of enzymes (EC 1.14.13.39) responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) from the terminal nitrogen atom of
		It uses the oxidative stress of NO (a free radical) to be used by macrophages in immune defence against pathogens.
		The first nitric oxide synthase to be identified was found in neuronal tissue (NOS1 or nNOS); the endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS3) was the third to be identified.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase (603 words)

	Tomato - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Smith notes that there is no evidence that the tomato was cultivated or even eaten before the Spanish arrived.
		Botanically a fruit, the tomato is nutritionally categorized as a vegetable.
		Since "vegetable" is not a botanical term, there is no contradiction in a plant part being a fruit botanically while still being considered a vegetable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tomato (4078 words)

	biology - ATP synthase
		An ATP synthase (EC 3.6.3.14) is a general term for an enzyme that can synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate by utilizing some form of energy.
		In respiring bacteria under physiological conditions, ATP synthase generally runs in the opposite direction, creating ATP while using the protonmotive force created by the electron transport chain as a source of energy.
		The overall structure and the catalytic mechanism of the chloroplast ATP synthase are almost the same as those of the mitochondrial enzyme.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/ATP_synthase (560 words)

	Chapter 4 Inhibitory effect of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in ...
		Although a specificity of NOS inhibitors is not fully established, these results indicate that inhibition of NO synthesis in the central nervous system and periphery may significantly affect the morphine withdrawal phenomena.
		Although the mechanism of anti-withdrawal action of NOS inhibitors remains unknown, the complex changes in the central presynaptic neurotransmitter release, particularly decrease of noradrenaline, should be considered.
		In addition to the central NO, a decrease of peripheral NO synthesized in the myenteric plexus of gastro-intestinal tract and/or anti-muscarinic effect of NOS inhibitors might be of importance for attenuation of withdrawal diarrhoea.
	www.drugtext.org /library/books/cappendijk/chapter04.htm (2501 words)

	Intense exercise causes decrease in expression of both endothelial NO synthase and tissue NOx level in hearts -- ...
		NOS: endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and neuronal
		NO in the heart is significantly decreased by intense exercise.
		Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase augments myocardial contractile responses to
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/3/R951 (5708 words)

	Nitric oxide synthases
		Nitrogen monoxide (·NO), commonly referred to as nitric oxide in the biochemical literature [1], is a free radical generated in biological systems.
		·NO functions at low concentrations as a signal in many diverse physiological processes such as blood pressure control, neurotransmission, learning and memory, and at high concentrations as a defensive cytotoxin (see list of reviews on structure and function of nitric oxide synthases).
		Crane, B.R., Arvai, A.S., Ghosh, D.K., Wu, C., Getzoff, E.D., Stuehr, D.J. and Tainer, J.A. Structure of nitric oxide synthase oxygenase dimer with pterin and substrate.
	metallo.scripps.edu /PROMISE/NOS.html (823 words)

	NITRIC OXIDE AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; NO NEWS FROM THE CEREBELLUM
		The increase in extracellular cGMP required the Ca2+-dependent activation of NO synthase, and was potentiated by inhibition of phosphodiesterases or organic anion transport.
		With the identification of EDRF as nitric oxide (NO), the enzyme responsible for its synthesis, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was soon described in brain (Bredt and Snyder, 1990; Knowles et al., 1989; Mayer et al., 1990).
		Together, these anatomical studies suggest a model in which NO is produced by the calcium- dependent NOS present in basket and granule cells, and acts on its receptor, the soluble guanylyl cyclase, which is primarily localized in the Purkinje cells, as well as in inhibitory interneurons.
	www.bbsonline.org /Preprints/OldArchive/bbs.neur4.vincent.html (7964 words)

	Gender and transcriptional regulation of NO synthase and ET-1 in porcine aortic endothelial cells -- Wang et al. 273 ...
		Gender and transcriptional regulation of NO synthase and ET-1 in porcine aortic endothelial cells -- Wang et al.
		Measurement of NO. Plasma NOx was measured by chemiluminescence (Sievers NO analyzer, model 270B, Boulder, CO) (14).
		Nitric oxide synthase in native and cultured endothelial cells: calcium/calmodulin and tetrahydrobiopterin are cofactors.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/273/4/H1962 (3402 words)

	Posttranslational regulation of NO synthase activity in the renal medulla of diabetic rats -- Lee et al. 288 (1): F82 ...
		Posttranslational regulation of NO synthase activity in the renal medulla of diabetic rats -- Lee et al.
		The roles of NO and NOS in the diabetic kidney are controversial.
		Nitric oxide synthase activity in renal cortex and medulla of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/288/1/F82 (5403 words)

	Cysteine-Zn2+ complexes: unique molecular switches for inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived NO -- KRÖNCKE 15 ...
		NO may thus inhibit or activate transcription by the same molecular mechanism, depending on the structure of the promotor and on the transcription factors involved.
		NO via S-nitrosation and subsequent Zn ejection disrupts this zinc sulfur cluster, thus leading to inactivation of the DnaJ chaperone activity.
		NO will S-nitrosate this cysteine residue, thus inducing dissociation of the cysteine–Zn linkage, whereas the Zn complexation by the three histidines is not affected.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/15/13/2503 (2721 words)

	Tetrahydrobiopterin Inhibits Monomerization and Is Consumed during Catalysis in Neuronal NO Synthase -- Reif et al. 274 ...
		Electrochemical NO Detection-- The quantification of reagent NO was performed using an NO electrode as previously published (37).
		B, NOS activity in the FPLC eluent fractions was determined as described under "Experimental Procedures" and is reported as absolute citrulline formed during 15 min by 40 µl of eluent.
		of NO from the NO donor compound spermine NONOate (37).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/35/24921 (5659 words)

	Antifungal Imidazoles Block Assembly of Inducible NO Synthase into an Active Dimer -- Sennequier et al. 274 (2): 930 -- ...
		NO Synthesis Activity-- The NO synthesis activity of activated cell cultures or of soluble cell supernatants was estimated using the colorimetric
		NO synthesis activity was monitored as nitrite accumulation in the culture media over the subsequent 8-h period.
		NOS subunit dimerization (41, 47, 51, 56, 67) or stabilize
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/2/930 (5865 words)

	The Scientist : Rare NO synthase jumpstarts erections
		The relatively rare, alternatively spliced beta form of neuronal nitric oxide synthase can trigger penile erections in mice lacking the primary form, underscoring the essential role of nitric oxide in reproduction, according to a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
		In subsequent work with mice, they found that neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) is required to initiate the response, while endothelial NOS (eNOS) sustains maximal erection.
		When Burnett's team subjected the knockout mice to a nonselective NOS inhibitor, all three types were supersensitive to it, confirming NO's pivotal role in the process.
	www.the-scientist.com /news/display/23123 (696 words)

	Colocalization but differential regulation of neuronal NO synthase and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in C2C12 ...
		Nitric oxide synthase and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase concentrated at the neuromuscular endplate.
		Grozdanovic, Z, and Gossrau R. Co-localization of nitric oxide synthase I (NOS I) and NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR-1) at the neuromuscular junction in rat and mouse skeletal muscle.
		Nitric oxide synthase in rat neuromuscular junctions and in nerve terminals of Torpedo electric organ-its role as regulator of acetylcholine release.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/4/C1065 (4026 words)

	Heat-induced increases in endothelial NO synthase expression and activity and endothelial NO release -- Harris et al. ...
		Heat-induced increases in endothelial NO synthase expression and activity and endothelial NO release -- Harris et al.
		Domain mapping studies reveal that the M domain of hsp90 serves as a molecular scaffold to regulate Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and NO release.
		Acute activation and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/1/H333 (4522 words)

	ACh-induced endothelial NO synthase translocation, NO release and vasodilatation in the hamster microcirculation in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		ACh-induced endothelial NO synthase translocation, NO release and vasodilatation in the hamster microcirculation in vivo -- Figueroa et al.
		Studies in cultured cells show that activation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) requires the dissociation of this enzyme from its inhibitory association with caveolin-1 (Cav-1), and perhaps its translocation from plasma membrane caveolae to other cellular compartments.
		ACh increased NO release, caused arteriolar and venular dilatation and elevated microvascular flow.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/544/3/883 (570 words)

	Thioredoxin overexpression prevents NO-induced reduction of NO synthase activity in lung endothelial cells -- Zhang et ...
		Overexpression of plasma membrane annexnin II in NO -exposed pulmonary artery endothelial cells.
		Exogenous NO inhibits basal NO release from vascular endothelium in vitro and in vivo.
		Sulfhydryl-disulfide modulation and the role of disulfide oxidoreductases in regulation of the catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary artery endothelial cells.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/2/L288 (3754 words)

	Meconium Induces Expression of Inducible NO Synthase and Activation of NF-{{kappa}}B in Rat Alveolar Macrophages -- LI ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Meconium Induces Expression of Inducible NO Synthase and Activation of NF-{{kappa}}B in Rat Alveolar Macrophages -- LI et al.
		NO activity was assessed by determining NO concentration in conditioned medium.
		NO, and the local concentration of NO need to be further investigated.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/49/6/820 (3312 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Homocystinuria
		A liver biopsy and enzyme assay shows an absence of the enzyme cystathionine beta synthase.
		Although no specific cure exists for homocystinuria, approximately half of the affected people can be helped by vitamin B-6 therapy.
		Intrauterine diagnosis of homocystinuria is available and is made by culturing amniotic cells or chorionic villi in order to test for the presence or absence of cystathionine synthase (the enzyme that is missing in homocystinuria).
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001199.htm (918 words)

	When the endothelium cannot say 'NO' anymore: ADMA, an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase, promotes cardiovascular ...
		It is a lack of NO or a deficiency of NO's
		Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis in chronic renal failure.
		Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): An endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase predicts mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
	eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/24/21/1901 (1190 words)

	Activation of purinergic P2Y2 receptors inhibits inducible NO synthase in cultured rat mesangial cells -- Mohaupt et ...
		Activation of purinergic P2Y2 receptors inhibits inducible NO synthase in cultured rat mesangial cells -- Mohaupt et al.
		Shear stress-induced [Ca2+]i transients and oscillations in mouse fibroblasts are mediated by endogenously released ATP.
		Differential regulation by protein kinase C isoforms of nitric oxide synthase induction in RAW 264.7 macrophages and rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/1/F103 (4329 words)

	Hypoxia induces a functionally significant and translationally efficient neuronal NO synthase mRNA variant -- Ward et ...
		NO is a multifunctional intra- and intercellular messenger affecting
		Boulanger, C.M., Heymes, C., Benessiano, J., and Geske, R.S. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is expressed in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: activation by angiotenisin II in hypertension.
		Prabhakar, N.R., Pieramici, S.F., Premkumar, D.R., Kumar, G.K., and Kalaria, R.N. Activation of nitric oxide synthase gene expression by hypoxia in central and peripheral neurons.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/115/11/3128 (7028 words)

	A high-fat, refined-carbohydrate diet affects renal NO synthase protein expression and salt sensitivity -- Roberts et ...
		A high-fat, refined-carbohydrate diet affects renal NO synthase protein expression and salt sensitivity -- Roberts et al.
		A high-fat, refined-carbohydrate diet affects renal NO synthase protein expression and salt sensitivity
		NO synthase (eNOS), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein and
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/94/3/941 (362 words)

	Suppression of pathogen-inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity in tomato increases susceptibility to Pseudomonas ...
		Suppression of pathogen-inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity in tomato increases susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae -- Chandok et al.
		NO is an important second messenger in animals, in which it
		NOS activity in leaf extracts of mock- or DC3000-infected resistant (R) and susceptible (S) tomato.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/21/8239 (3757 words)

	Different Vasculoprotective Roles of NO Synthase Isoforms in Vascular Lesion Formation in Mice -- Yogo et al. 20 (11): ...
		Different Vasculoprotective Roles of NO Synthase Isoforms in Vascular Lesion Formation in Mice -- Yogo et al.
		Although NO is synthesized by 3 different NO synthase
		NOS (eNOS) knockout (eNOS-KO), and inducible NOS (iNOS) knockout
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/20/11/e96 (438 words)

	Expression and Function of Recombinant S1179D Endothelial NO Synthase in Human Pial Arteries -- Sorenson et al. 36 (1): ...
		The serine/threonine kinase Akt phosphorylates endothelial NO synthase (eNOS; at serines 1179 and 1177 for bovine and human
		Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation.
		Protective vasomotor effects of in vivo recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression in a canine model of cerebral vasospasm.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/36/1/158 (1273 words)

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