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	Energia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Energia (or Energiya, Энергия in Russian) rocket was a Soviet rocket that was designed by NPO Energia to serve as a heavy-lift expendable launch system as well as a booster for the Buran Space Shuttle.
		Energia also replaced the "Vulkan" concept, which was a design based on the Proton rocket and using the same toxic hypergolic fuels, but much larger and more powerful.
		In its most powerful configuration, the Energia was equipped with eight Zenit strap-on boosters and a high energy H2 upper stage; this configuration exceeded the LEO payload capability (175 metric tons vs. 120 metric tons) of the Saturn V, although it never flew.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Energia (1091 words)

	Energia Rocket & Space Corporation (RSC Energia)
		Energia RSC began as Department No. 3 of Special Design Bureau NII-88 which was given the task, in August 1946, of developing Soviet rockets based on the German V-2.
		Under government pressure, Energia NPO was directed to respond the American Space Shuttle by developing Buran and its massive booster.
		When this project collapsed, Energia NPO proposed evolving the Buran booster rocket into the Energia-M. Currently, this proposal too is in mothballs having been sidelined by Angara.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/E/Energia_RSC.html (328 words)

	Energia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The modular Energia design could be used for payloads of from 10 to 200 tonnes using various combinations of booster stages, numbers of modular main engines in the core stage, and upper stages.
		NPO Energia developed for the Ministry of Defence the interorbital tug Gerkules with 550 kW maximum output and continuous operation in the 50-150 kW range for 3 to 5 years.
		Energia with Polyus - Energia with Polyus payload
	www.fplib.org /partners/mwade/lvs/energia.htm (6897 words)

	Buran reusable shuttle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NPO Energia in Kaliningrad, Moscow Region, subordinated to the Ministry of General Machine Building, MOM, took overall responsibility for the development of the system named Energia-Buran.
		NPO Molniya would be responsible for the development of the aerodynamic body of the orbiter.
		NPO Molniya, the developer of the Buran's body, tried to move forward with a small version of the reusable orbiter, launched by an Antonov-225 Mriya transport plane.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /buran.html (2452 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Energia exceeded both the payload capability and the technical performance of the Saturn V, earning itself the status of the most complex and powerful heavy rocket ever constructed.
		The Energia rocket only flew twice, the first on May 15 1987, with the UKSS military payload, and the second on November 15 1988, with the Buran Shuttle.
		The Energia (or Energiya, ÐÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ in Russian) rocket was a Soviet rocket that was designed by NPO Energia to serve as a heavy-lift expendable launch system as well as a booster for the Buran Space...
	energia.iqexpand.com /index.php?title=Polyus_spacecraft&action=edit (936 words)

	Energia
		The engines developed for the Energia are to be used in the new Angara launch vehicle.
		Glushko, new head of NPO Energia, briefed his new launch vehicle family to the VPK Military Industrial Commission on 13 August 1974.
		It was an adaptation of the Energia launch vehicle, using two strap-on booster units instead of four, and...
	www.astronautix.com /lvfam/energia.htm (959 words)

	Buran-Energia History Timline 1974-1982
		The Ministry of Defence was named the Program Manager, with NPO Energia as the prime contractor.
		Chief Constructor within NPO Energia was I N Sadovskiy.
		NPO Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine would build the booster rockets.
	www.k26.com /buran/Info/Timeline/_72-82/buran-energia_history_timline_.html (487 words)

	Energia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Energia rocket with the Polus "battle station" is being loaded on its transporter-erector in preparation for the launch in May 1987.
		The Energia rocket with the Polus is being installed on the launch pad at Site 250 in preparation for the launch in May 1987.
		A fully-assembled Energia booster with the Buran reusable spacecraft sits mothballed in the assembly building Number 112 in Baikonur.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /energia.html (492 words)

	S.P.Korolev RSC Energia - SEA LAUNCH SYSTEM
		NPO Energia together with a number of Russian enterprises has conducted preliminary studies on development of a Sea-Based Rocket and Space Complex on the basis of large-capacity means of domestic marine for modern launchers Zenit, Energia-Ì, Energia.
		NPO Energia specialists at a meeting in the Boeing premises have presented a Sea-Based Rocket and Space Complex project (SB RSC).
		At Boeing Commercial Space Company/RSC Energia/ Êvaerner/ NPO Yuzhnoye and KBTM meeting in Oslo, Norway, on RSC Energia initiative a decision is taken to establish an international structure of working groups for project management on the working level.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/sea-launch/chron-01.html (672 words)

	Home
		One of these prototype sculptures was then delivered to NPO Energia in Russia for cosmonaut training purposes in December 1992.
		In the photographs of the Mir interior made available by NPO Energia, there appeared to be very little of this color in its brighter intensities in the Mir station environment.
		Kayser-Threde carried out the sterilization procedures, dried the sculpture in an exhaust oven and vacuum-packed it for delivery to NPO Energia which was then responsible for the construction of a packing system necessary for its integration into the Progress launch vehicle.
	www.arsastronautica.com /texts/cosmicdancer-techniques.php (882 words)

	Buran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		However the NPO Energia specialists who had developed the Soyuz capsule disapproved of the winged US shuttle design.
		While NPO Energia would build the booster engines, the core Lox/LH2 engines would be built by Kosberg.
		By July 1992 the Soviet Air Force and NPO Energia were still arguing about the final crew composition.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craft/buran.htm (11477 words)

	Buran Energia History Timeline 1982-1985
		Energia mock-up completed - The 4M Energia launch vehicle high fidelity mock-up was completed at Baikonur.
		Energia full-scale loads tests - The 4M Energia mock-up was used for dynamic/vertical/load tests in May-October 1983.
		OK-ML-1 was originally to have been used in the first launch of the Energia, by the end of 1983.
	www.k26.com /buran/Info/Timeline/82-85/buran_energia_history_timeline.html (569 words)

	Soviet Space Program Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ LaunchBase.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		After the experience of working with NASA on the Apollo Soyuz Test Project the Soviet leadership decided a new management approach was needed and in 1974 the N-1 was cancelled and Mishin was dismissed.
		Energia would be used as the base for a manned Mars mission.
		Buran was intended to operate in support of large space based military platforms as a response first to the US Space Shuttle and then the Strategic Defense Initiative.
	www.launchbase.net /encyclopedia/Soviet_space_program (1804 words)

	Energia Launch Vehicle - Buran Russian Space Shuttle
		Energia Launch Vehicle System was the successor to the N-1 Moon Rocket.
		The Energia Launcher was used to launch Polyus and Buran.
		Energia was 60 m high and 18 m in diameter.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /lv/energialv.html (314 words)

	Videx - TimeWand II Article
		NPO Energia, of Kaliningrad, Russia, chose this name for its manned space station mission, MIR, which has circled the globe as historic changes have taken place on earth.
		Energia designers had specified exactly the vibration, shock, temperature, and electrical environments for space use.
		Energia designers are now reviewing new technologies, like Videx Touch Buttons and American Innovation color flat panel computers used in high-speed networks, as space travel continues to move into the future.
	www.videx.com /news/web-articles/timewand2.html (1418 words)

	[No title]
		Rockwell procured the docking hardware a year ago from NPO Energia for approximately $18 million, along with spare parts and technical services to support NASA's first Shuttle mission to Mir.
		NPO Energia is an advanced technology organization responsible for the design and manufacture of the Energia launch vehicle and manned systems including the Soyuz-TM and Progress-M spacecraft, the Mir Space Station and the Buran Space Shuttle.
		The book was apparently the basis for the NPO Energia seminar held in the Washington D.C. area in 1993, thus the book assumes the then planned development of Mir-2.
	home.comcast.net /~rusaerog/RAG/RAG5.html (3167 words)

	InsideBritannica
		Energia's history is closely tied to the career of rocket designer Sergey P. Korolyov, widely recognized as the founder of the Soviet space program and its guiding genius until his death in 1966.
		In the 1970s and '80s, Energia was the prime contractor for the development of the Energia-Buran reusable space system, a combination of launch vehicle (Energia) and winged orbiter (Buran) analogous to the U.S. space shuttle.
		Despite two successful launches—one of the launch vehicle in 1987 and another of the entire system, including an unmanned, fully automated orbiting and landing of the Buran orbiter, in 1988—funding for the program was canceled in the early 1990s due to severe financial problems accompanying the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
	newsletters.britannica.com /feb_articles/feb_energia.htm (986 words)

	INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In January 1984 he was selected by the test results as a candidate for the NPO Energia's cosmonauts team.
		On September 2, 1985 he was taken on the staff of NPO Energia cosmonauts by the State Interdepartmental Committee’s resolution.
		On November 10, 1985 he was appointed a candidate for test-cosmonauts of NPO Energia's cosmonauts team by the Order of the Minister for General Machine Building.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/iss/iss11/krikalev.html (1710 words)

	Projects of combat space complexes
		For striking of launched ballistic missiles and their warheads on the passive portion of the flight Energia NPO developed the project of the space-based interceptor-missile.
		In the beginning of 1990s due to changes of military and political environment works on combat space complexes in Energia NPO were canceled.
		Works on combat complexes involved all thematic divisions of the Heading Design Bureau [of Energia NPO] and a wide network fo specialised organizations - developers of the military industrial complex of the country, as well as leading research organizations of the Ministry of Defense and the Academy of Science.
	www.fas.org /spp/starwars/program/soviet/energia.htm (740 words)

	S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (also known as RKK Energiya) is a Russian manufacturer of spacecraft and space station components.
		It is named after Sergei Korolev and has been known successively as: Special Design Bureau number 1 (ОКБ-1 or OKB-1), TsKBEM, NPO Energia and S.P. Korolev RSC Energia.
		Its products have included the R-7 rocket, the Energia launcher and the Progress spacecraft.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/S.P._Korolev_Rocket_and_Space_Corporation_Energia (112 words)

	space news from Nov 02, 1992 AW&ST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Rockwell and NPO Energia sign contract for technical information exchange leading to (next year) purchase of Russian docking hardware for the Shuttle-Mir mission.
		The only difference between the Energia version and the Zenit version (the RD-171) is that the Zenit version has to gimbal in two planes rather than one.
		NPO Energomash seeks Western funding for its RD-701 tripropellant rocket engine, meant for an air-launched spaceplane project, which burns LOX, kerosene, and hydrogen, with the kerosene phased out during climb.
	www.islandone.org /SpencerAvLeakReports/AvWeek-921102.html (607 words)

	This Week In Russian Aerospace
		Shares in the newly-founded joint venture were distributed between Boeing Commercial Space Co., Kvaerner Maritime, RKK Energia and NPO Yuzhnoye in the proportion of 40%, 20%, 25% and 15% correspondingly.
		Yuri Semeyonov, president and general designer at RKK Energia, says, "We are combining the Ukrainian rocket, made of 60% Russian components, the Norwegian sea platform, and the experience of the largest US aerospace company.
		The first and second stages for the "maritime" Zenit are manufactured in the Ukraine, at NPO Yuznoye, while the third and the "upper" stages (DM-SL boosting block) are provided by RKK Energia based near Moscow.
	www.aeroworldnet.com /1ra02238.htm (1934 words)

	KOMPOZIT2
		"NPO Energia", or more familiar Korolev Design Bureau, is the internationally renowned, principal space firm within the Russian space program well known for development of many excellent examples of space technologies: the world's first space booster R-7, nowadays world's the most powerful rocket booster "Energia", and the Russian space shuttle "Buran".
		"NPO Izmeritelnoi Techniki" is the principal research company that carries out the extensive research and development of control systems for the Russian space program.
		In the last two years of their education students are trained in research and development of spacecraft control systems, rocket engines, spacecrafts and rocket launchers, physical and chemical material processing, composite materials, metallurgy of special allois, welding technology and equipment, management, marketing and engineering business.
	home1.gte.net /~sromanov/a/kompozit/2.htm (347 words)

	Atomic Fire, Electric Glow \| Romance to Reality - Moon and Mars Mission Plans \| David S. F. Portree \| Faculty \| Mars ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NPO Energia, the Soviet Union's leading space design bureau, released a report in 1987 describing Mars expeditions using chemical, nuclear thermal, and nuclear electric propulsion.
		Solar photovoltaic wins out not only because it is politically more feasible, but also, says Energia, because solar panels are less massive than a nuclear source (26 tons compared to 90 tons).
		Total MOV mass is 80,000 kilograms, of which 25,970 kilograms is the life support system (including 6500 kilograms of food, a 7800-kilogram water reserve, four space suits, a clothes washing machine, and a system for regenerating water from urine).
	www.marsinstitute.info /rd/faculty/dportree/rtr/at20.html (858 words)

	space news from Jan 24, 1994 AW&ST
		NPO Energia, still looking for customers for the Energia launcher, is committing to hanging onto the program by retaining key people and doing necessary maintenance on the Baikonur facilities.
		The Energia family has a payload of 30-100 tons into 200km LEO, and up to 30 tons to lunar or Mars trajectories.
		Vigorous activity among astronomers and spacecraft-operations planners, preparing for observations of the impact of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet chain with Jupiter July 16-22.
	www.islandone.org /SpencerAvLeakReports/AvWeek-940124.html (975 words)

	Dave's World - Moscow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The announced goal of the trip was to see three of the foci of the Russian space program: Star City, NPO Energia, and NPO Krunichev.
		NPO Energia makes those manned spacecraft, and had an amazing museum with original, or engineering mock-ups of almost all of those modules.
		NPO Krunichev integrates the Proton and Rockot launchers that launch those capsules and other satellites.
	mss01.isunet.edu /phillips/Photos/moscow.html (763 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		External atmosphere of a large orbital station is a complex system with parameters varying both in time and space, that are both dependent on background conditions of space origin and induced by human activities on the space station.
		Special Facilities in Use and Their Specifications For metrology evaluation of the sensor equipment, a vacuum test bench is used that allows a high vacuum of up to 10-9 mm Hg to be achieved and dynamic pressure to be simulated.
		The NPO Energia experimental and testing facility is used.
	hana.kumoh.ac.kr /istc-pra/pra/text/pra3196.doc (473 words)

	Space Calendar — December, 21-31 \| VideoCosmos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Yu.Semenov, Chief Designer of NPO Energia, has been elected a Corresponding Member of Academy of Sciences of USSR.
		Born Ivannikov Artur Nikolaevich, Deputy Director General for Research of NPO Energia, Dr.Sc.(Technology), State Prize winner.
		Born Sagdeyev Roald Zinnurovich, scientist in plasma physics and space studies, Director of the Institute of Space Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin Prize winner.
	www.videocosmos.com /calendar-december2131.shtm (1410 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Soviet Buran Space Shuttle
		The Energia core was a modular design that could be equipped with one to four rocket engines and anywhere from two to eight strap-on boosters.
		Among these validations were thrust stand measurements of the Energia rocket engines and wind tunnel plus gas dynamic tests of the Buran orbiter from subsonic landing speeds to hypersonic re-entry speeds.
		Shortly thereafter, head of NPO Energia Yuri Semenov confirmed the stoppage when he publicly admitted that the project was dead.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/spacecraft/q0153.shtml (3185 words)

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