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Topic: NPT

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	NPT Anniversary
		First, at the 1995 NPT Conference, the conference that extended the Non-Proliferation Treaty indefinitely, seven members of the Islamic Conference were the only countries to express formal disagreement to the treaty's extension, in explaining their position after the decision.
		The effort to keep the NPT alive and to strengthen it, using perhaps the wakeup call that the world has gotten from the Indian and Pakistani tests, also requires ratification of the CTBT, and Secretary Albright has worked very hard in her own dealings with the Congress to increase the chances that that will happen.
		And, of course, there is the responsibility that the nuclear weapon states, those that are recognized by the NPT, have under the NPT to continue not just the good faith effort, but an effort that actually produces and delivers, to reduce their own levels of nuclear weaponry.
	www.ucsusa.org /global_security/nuclear_weapons/npt-anniversary.html (6319 words)

	International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The primary goal of the NPT and of all efforts to rid countries and the world of nuclear weapons is to prevent the human catastrophe that would inevitably result from the use of even a single nuclear weapon.
		Third, the States parties to the NPT and the participants in all disarmament and arms control forums must insist upon the separation of nuclear weapons from chemical and biological weapons in both policy and rhetoric.
		Finally, the NPT itself must be transformed into a true disarmament and non-proliferation treaty, as was the intent of the States Parties in 2000 when they committed themselves to an "unequivocal undertaking" to rid the world of nuclear weapons.
	www.ippnw.org /NukeNPTPrepCom2004Face.html (2864 words)

	The IAEA and the NPT
		Under the NPT, a new safeguards system was established, to be enforced by the IAEA through inspections.
		Another problem facing the IAEA is the idea of a "problem NPT state", one which chooses to embark on a program of nuclear weapons research, a clear violation of the IAEA obligations agreed to by member states.
		There are also several loopholes within the NPT which do not prohibit certain activities that may lead to the development of nuclear weapons.
	www.providence.edu /polisci/students/IAEA/histNPT.htm (1304 words)

	2000 NPT Review Conference (Australia 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		NPT safeguards applied by the IAEA provide the practical means for states to demonstrate their commitment to use nuclear energy exclusively for peaceful purposes.
		NPT parties must push ahead with achieving early global application of the Additional Protocol so that the full benefit of the strengthened safeguards system can be realized.
		The Conference should again highlight the importance of NPT parties ensuring that their nuclear-related exports do not contribute to the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
	www.ceip.org /programs/npp/nptaustralia2.htm (1878 words)

	Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve - NPT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		NPT will continue to own and pay taxes on the rest of the property, nearly 11,000 acres.
		NPT took its commitment to this partnership even further last year when the board of trustees pledged to donate the 180 acres to the Park Service, thus leaving no cost to the taxpayers for land acquisition.
		NPT is committed to retiring the mortgage debt and owning the ranch in perpetuity, while cooperating with the National Park Service for management of the Preserve.
	www.parktrust.org /zb-faq.html (1730 words)

	Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
		The NPT, and the norm of nonproliferation that it supports, are the primary reasons why the proliferation of nuclear weapons has been far slower than predicted in the 1960s.
		As the international community moves into a new era, the NPT will remain critical in a world where security is defined increasingly by the absence of nuclear weapons programs, rather than by their presence, and by the sharp reduction, not expansion, of existing nuclear arsenals.
		The NPT is vital for security, arms control and disarmament, and economic and social development throughout the world.
	www.state.gov /t/isn/trty/16281.htm (3599 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: Iran: Nuclear Overview
		During the IAEA inspection in June 2003, environmental samples that were taken from chemical traps of the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz revealed the presence of highly enriched uranium (HEU).
		Short of declaring Iran in violation of the NPT, the IAEA Director-General Mohamed El-Baradei stated, "Iran has failed to meet its obligations under its Safeguards Agreement"[4] and criticized Iran for not being transparent with the construction of its nuclear-related facilities and import of nuclear material.
		[8] "Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Resolution adopted by the Board on 18 June 2004," IAEA, 18 June 2004, http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Board/2004/gov2004-49.pdf/.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/Iran/1819.html (3933 words)

	WorldNetDaily: NPT vigilantes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		NPT parties should also seek, through appropriate means, to halt the use of nuclear material or equipment acquired or produced by an NPT state as the result of a material violation of the NPT's nonproliferation undertakings.
		NPT parties should affirm their willingness to report cases of noncompliance with Article II to the U.N. Security Council.
		In an extreme case, an NPT party might have manufactured an entire mockup of the non-nuclear shell of a nuclear explosive, while continuing to observe its safeguards obligations on all nuclear material.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=44383 (748 words)

	NATO Nuclear Sharing and the NPT - Questions to be Answered
		The third answer states that the NPT "does not deal with arrangements for deployment of nuclear weapons within allied territory as these do not involve any transfer of nuclear weapons or control over them unless and until a decision were made to go to war, at which time the treaty would no longer be controlling".
		NPT members should prepare to initiate this process at the 1998 NPT PrepCom with intensified discussions on the question of compliance of NATO nuclear sharing with the NPT.
		NPT members can enhance this debate by checking their own archives for details of how and when they were informed of US and NATO intentions for interpreting the Treaty.
	www.bits.de /public/researchnote/rn97-3.htm (5828 words)

	CNS - Nonproliferation Treaty Resources
		The author argues that the NPT's continued vitality and effectiveness as an instrument to achieve the international community's common goals and as a building block for maintaining international peace and security is dependent on the implementation of the treaty as a whole.
		Simpson argues that the current crisis in the NPT regime is the result of both U.S. nuclear and nonproliferation policies and changes in the international nuclear arms control environment since the end of the Cold War.
		A report on a NPT workshop held on July 14-15, 2002, in Annecy, France to discuss the results of the first session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2005 NPT Review Conference.
	cns.miis.edu /research/npt (2472 words)

	NPT Wrapup
		Delegates also expressed their views on the structure of the new review process with differences emerging over the relative weight to be given to the articles of the NPT and to the importance of the Principles and Objectives.
		The review of the NPT is no longer a five-yearly event, it is a process which starts today and which will culminate in the year 2000.
		It was clear from the debate, however, there is little chance of breaking the impasse that has prevented negotiations on this issue in the C.D. A general demand of the non-nuclear weapon states was for firmer commitments by the nuclear weapon states not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons.
	disarm.igc.org /oldwebpages/nptplen.html (2738 words)

	NTI: NPT Tutorial
		NPT Briefing Book, April 2005 Edition, Mountbatten Centre for International Studies (MCIS) with the Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS).
		NPT Briefing Book, April 2004 Edition, Mountbatten Centre for International Studies (MCIS) with the Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS).
		Rebecca Johnson, “The NPT in 2004: Testing the Limits,” Disarmament Diplomacy (March/April 2004).
	www.nti.org /h_learnmore/npttutorial/bibliography.html (1704 words)

	WorldNetDaily: IAEA-NPT regime crisis?
		Neither were NPT signatories, but Pakistan has reportedly shared nuke materials and /or technology with nation-states that were.
		NPT Parties – weapon states and non-weapon states alike – must take strong action to deal with cases of noncompliance and to strengthen the Treaty's nonproliferation undertakings.
		The NPT can only be as strong as our will to enforce it, in spirit and in deed.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=32749 (795 words)

	NAM - 2000 NPT Conference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Nuclear Weapon States parties to the NPT reaffirm their commitments to the fullest implementation of this Article and to refrain from nuclear sharing for military purposes under any kind of security arrangements, among themselves, with non-nuclear-weapon states, and with States not party to the Treaty.
		Article II Non-nuclear-weapon States Parties to the NPT reaffirm their commitments to the fullest implementation of this Article and to refrain from nuclear sharing for military purposes under any kind of security arrangements with the Nuclear Weapon States, non-nuclear-weapon States, and States not party to the Treaty.
		The States Parties and signatories to the treaties of Tlatelolco, Rarotonga, Bangkok and Pelindaba that are parties to the NPT reaffirm their commitment to promote the common goals envisaged in those treaties, explore and implement further ways and means of cooperation, including the consolidation of the status of the nuclear-weapon-free southern hemisphere and adjacent arm.
	www.opanal.org /NPT-TNP/Documents/NAM.htm (2227 words)

	Nashville Public Television
		NPT offers opportunities for independent and corporate foundations to meet their philanthropic needs through restricted or unrestricted support.
		NPT offers businesses and corporations the opportunity to reach a targeted, influential audience in an environment free from commercial interruption.
		NPT depends on individuals, foundations and corporations to recognize that an investment in digital technology is an investment in the existence of public television in the community.
	www.wnpt.net /support/index.html (455 words)

	NPT Review Conference Prospects (William Potter) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although not generally thought of as proliferation threats, one also might argue, as I have for the past three years at Carnegie conferences, that the greatest challenges to nuclear nonproliferation and the NPT are ignorance and complacency among our elected officials and their constituents.
		Most analysts of the NPT scene are more sanguine than I am about the prospects for preventing defections from the regime, at least in the short term.
		Their optimism, however, tends to be conditioned on progress in implementing the NPT and the 1995 package of decisions.
	www.ceip.org /programs/NPP/potter2000.htm (1514 words)

	National Philanthropic Trust - NPT Publications
		Bequests to Your Fund – Provides sample language in naming NPT as the beneficiary of a will, retirement account, charitable remainder trust, or other deferred giving instrument.
		NPT's free practical guide for advisors gives the top 10 reasons to discuss charitable giving with your clients and many talking points.
		Developed for NPT donors and their advisors, these informative newsletters will keep you up-to-date on giving trends, NPT news, and other items of philanthropic interest.
	www.nptrust.org /philanthropy/npt_publications.asp (287 words)

	NPT programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In June 2002 the government launched the Netherlands Programme for Institutional Strengthening of Post-secondary Education and Training Capacity (NPT), together with Netherlands Fellowship Programmes (NFP).
		The overall aim of the programmes is to help alleviate qualitative and quantitative shortages of skilled manpower, and to do so within the framework of sustainable capacity-building directed towards reducing poverty in developing countries.
		The programme is administered by the Netherlands organization for international cooperation in higher education (Nuffic) on behalf of the Dutch government.
	www.nuffic.net /common.asp?id=735 (121 words)

	NPT
		The third pillar of the NPT is the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in conformity with articles I and II of the Treaty.
		In this sense, the NPT is far more than the cornerstone of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime -- its benefits extend to the very roots of international peace and security.
		Inspired by a common cause, and supported by an informed public, the States parties to the NPT together have the potential to make a great treaty even greater, by charting a course for improving its implementation, increasing its transparency, and exploring avenues to bring it to full universal membership.
	www.indonesiamission-ny.org /issuebaru/Events/opening_npt.htm (865 words)

	NPT Vigilantes - by Gordon Prather
		However, Article III of the NPT does require every no-nuke state to conclude a Safeguards Agreement "in accordance with the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Agency's safeguards system, for the exclusive purpose of verification of the fulfillment of its obligations assumed under this Treaty."
		In the event a no-nuke state is determined by the IAEA Board to be in noncompliance with its Safeguards Agreement, the IAEA statute authorizes and requires the Board to report the noncompliance to the UN Security Council for possible action.
		It should be clear that there is zero tolerance for noncompliance with the NPT's nonproliferation undertakings, and that NPT parties are prepared to take firm and prompt action to hold any violator accountable for its actions.
	www.antiwar.com /prather/?articleid=6037 (783 words)

	NPT- National Pipe Thread Taper- ANSI B1.20.1
		For NPT threads a sealant compound or Teflon tape must be used for a leak-free seal.
		NPT threads are not interchangeable with NPS - National Pipe Straight - threads.
		The NPT root and crest configurations are also different from ISO.
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /npt-national-pipe-taper-threads-d_750.html (435 words)

	NPT: Public Policy Defined
		Public policy participation, under the NPT Project, refers to attempts to influence institutional powers in our society.
		Of primary concern is the behavior of governmental bodies at the local, state, or national level, but other institutional powers -- corporate or media, for example -- are also covered.
		The NPT Project has identified nine areas of public policy participation that are listed and described below.
	www.ombwatch.org /npt/about/poldef.html (976 words)

	National Primary Trust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Since December 2005, the NPT has been winding down its membership, publication and project responsibilities.
		The letter from the chair as written to all members gives further details and can be accessed by clicking on the link as a word or pdf document.
		The NPT is now seeking to join wider partnerships whilst maintaining a voice for the primary phase of education.
	www.npt.org.uk (165 words)

	Arms Control Association: Fact Sheets: The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty at a Glance
		The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), which entered into force in March 1970, seeks to inhibit the spread of nuclear weapons.
		With its near-universal membership, the NPT has the widest adherence of any arms control agreement, with only India, Israel, and Pakistan remaining outside the treaty.
		Although Article X of the NPT requires that a country give three months notice in advance of withdrawing, North Korea argued that it satisfied this requirement because it originally announced its decision to withdraw March 12, 1993, and suspended the decision one day before it was to become legally binding.
	www.armscontrol.org /factsheets/nptfact.asp (546 words)

	NPT components of EIT
		Rather than two separate taxes, the EIT and the NPT in reality is a single tax applied with respect both to personal earned income and to the net profits of individual- and partnership-owned businesses.
		The NPT is assessed on “net” income, and as noted above is calculated after making provision for numerous deductions and exclusions.
		Pennsylvania law does not permit taxes paid on income to be used as a deduction for earned income tax or net profit tax purposes, but does allow other taxes to be deducted.
	www.lowermerion.org /archive/nptcompeit.html (1267 words)

	Disarmament Diplomacy: The Right to Withdraw from the NPT:
		The NPT says that the withdrawing party must then give three months notice of its intention to withdraw to all the other NPT parties "and to the United Nations Security Council...," including a statement of the "extraordinary events" it regards as having "jeopardized" its "supreme interests".
		Whether or not a withdrawal from the NPT might constitute a threat to the peace would presumably be the test of whether the UN Security Council took action to restrain the withdrawal.
		Based upon the NPT's negotiating history, the addition of the UN Security Council as a recipient of withdrawal notification demonstrates the negotiators' intentions that the Council consider and be empowered to restrain withdrawal or take other action as deemed necessary.
	www.acronym.org.uk /dd/dd79/79gbjr.htm (2799 words)

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