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Topic: NRAM

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	Nantero-Technology
		NRAM™ will be considerably faster and denser than DRAM, have substantially lower power consumption than DRAM or flash, be as portable as flash memory, and be highly resistant to environmental forces (heat, cold, magnetism).
		The proprietary NRAM™ design, invented by Dr. Thomas Rueckes, Nantero's Chief Technology Officer, uses carbon nanotubes as the active memory elements.
		Carbon nanotubes are members of the fullerene family and have amazing properties, including the ability to conduct electricity as well as copper while being stronger than steel and as hard as diamond.
	www.nantero.com /tech.html (202 words)

	NRAM Articles
		In 1998 the NRAM Taskforce invited a number of archivists to communicate a personal view of their experience with a variety of ‘national registers’.
		“NRAM - It’s in your hands” by Dr. Brad Patterson.
		Thomas Wilsted spent the years 1973-1978 as Manuscripts Librarian at the Alexander Turnbull Library and made substantial contributions both to decisions affecting NRAM, and as the founding President of ARANZ (Archives and Records Association of New Zealand).
	www.nram.org.nz /articles.php (346 words)

	Nantero-Home Page
		The company's objective is to deliver a product that will replace all existing forms of memory, such as DRAM, SRAM and flash memory, with NRAM™ serving as universal memory.
		NRAM™ can be manufactured for both standalone and embedded memory applications.
		Nantero will license complete packages to enable manufacturers to produce, market, and sell nanotube-based semiconductor products, such as NRAM™, which can be used in both standalone and embedded memory applications.
	www.nantero.com (230 words)

	Chip Design Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NRAM is a 'universal memory' that is slated to replace all existing forms of storage, such as DRAM, SRAM and flash memory.
		NRAM will also enable the instant-on feature in computers which will eliminate the initialization period when computers are turned on.
		NRAM can be manufactured both as standalone devices and as embedded memory in application- specific devices such as ASIC and microcontrollers.
	www.chipdesignmag.com /print.php?articleId=707?issueId=0 (513 words)

	Nano-RAM - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		NRAM is similar, with the terminals and electrodes being roughly the same size as the plates in a DRAM, the nanotubes between them being so much smaller they add nothing to the overall size.
		NRAM appears to be limited only by the current state of the art in lithography.
		NRAM is one of a variety of new memory systems, many of which claim to be "universal" in the same fashion as NRAM -- replacing everything from Flash to DRAM to SRAM.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NRAM (1370 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NRAM is similar, with the terminals and electrodes being roughly the same size as the plates in a DRAM, the nanotubes between them being so much smaller they add nothing to the overall size.
		NRAM appears to be limited only by the current state of the art in lithography.
		This means that NRAM may be able to become much denser than DRAM, meaning that it will also be less expensive, if it becomes possible to control the locations of carbon nanotubes at the scale the semiconductor industry can control the placement of devices on silicon.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Nano-RAM (1365 words)

	Nano-RAM - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NRAM is similar, with the terminales and electrodes being roughly the same size tiene the como llanas in tiene DRAM, the nanotubos between them being so much smaller they add nothing to the overall size.
		This means that NRAM may be able to become much denser than DRAM, meaning that it a will also be less expensativo, tejo it becomes posible to control the alquileres of carbon nanotubos at the scale the semiconductor industry can control the colocación(inversión) of devices silicona.
		With NRAM all of these may be replaced, with some NRAM placed the CPU to act tienes the CPU esconde, and moro in other patatas fritas a la inglesa replacing both the DRAM and Flash.
	www.reverso.net /url/result.asp?directions=2097160&templates=0&autotranslate=on&baseurl=http://mediablog.mail2web.com/gadgetmaniac&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRAM (1486 words)

	NRAM Articles
		The demise of NRAM in published form three years earlier had left a void and, if that void was to be even partially filled, it seemed imperative that representatives of concerned organisations (in this case ARANZ, NZLIA and NZSA) take the resuscitatory initiative.
		NRAM, in whatever new guise, would have to be "owned" by the professions,not to be the responsibility of any single institution.
		Our application to the New Zealand Lotteries Board for funding stressed the co-operative nature of the project, also emphasising that, by opting as far as possible for the electronic transmission of information and allowing for different in-house standards, the central editorial function, and hence costs, would be reduced.
	www.nram.govt.nz /articles/patterson.php (384 words)

	NRAM
		NRAM is a trademark of Nantero Nantero, Inc., a nonvolatile random access memory product based on carbon nanotubes.
		NRAM is a very exciting and revolutionary development in Non-Volatile Random Access Memory.
		Nantero s design for NRAM involves the use of suspended nanotube junctions as memory bits, with the "up" position representing bit zero and the "down" position representing bit one.
	www.uk.kunsimuna.net /NRAM_UK_195911_lt (411 words)

	Nanotube Arrays Form Non-Volatile Memory - 6/24/2003 - Electronic News
		NRAM is a high-density non-volatile random access memory that exploits recent advances in nanotechnology.
		Nantera claim NRAM will be considerably faster and denser than DRAM, have substantially lower power consumption than DRAM or flash, be as portable as flash memory, and be highly resistant to environmental forces such as heat, cold and magnetism.
		The potential applications for a successful NRAM are huge, and could enable instant-on computers and replace flash memory in devices such as MP3 players, digital cameras and PDAs, as well as applications in computer networking.
	www.edn.com /article/CA307052.html?ref=nbsa (660 words)

	NRAM\| Databases \| The Library \| Victoria University of Wellington
		NRAM is a centralised register for archives held in many New Zealand repositories.
		NRAM was originally published from 1979 to 1993 in paper format.
		NRAM is not a comprehensive database of all archives held in all the country's repositories.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /library/research/databases/info/N/NRAM.aspx (216 words)

	What is NRAM? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NRAM, short for nano-RAM or nanotube-based/nonvolatile random access memory, is a new memory storage technology owned by the company Nantero.
		NRAM will operate electromechanically rather than just electrically, setting it apart from other memory technologies as a nonvolatile form of memory, meaning data will be retained even when the power is turned off.
		Because the functional elements in NRAM technology are nanometer-sized, NRAM qualifies as nanotechnology in the general sense, but not molecular nanotechnology (molecular manufacturing), because the nanometer-sized elements are not capable of manufacturing additional products to atomic precision.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-nram.htm (389 words)

	Steve Edwards: Carbon Nanotube Memory
		According to Schmergel, the advantages of NRAM are speed, density, non-volatility, lower power consumption, and reduction of errors due to alpha radiation.
		Schmergel suspects that NRAM memory might be stable in the face of an electromagnetic pulse engendered by an atomic blast, but the company has yet to do the experiment.
		NRAM chips exploits the flexibility, thermal an electrical conductivity and durability of nanotubes.
	www.nanotechnology.com /blogs/steveedwards/2005/10/carbon-nanotube-memory.html (531 words)

	Image analyzer with common data/instruction bus - Patent 4398176
		The NRAM address is a nine bit vector in which each bit is a function of a corresponding pixel value in the neighborhood window.
		The NRAM memory 26 comprises a table of transformation related signals which are programmed into each stage by controller 32.
		The NRAM value at this location will be loaded into NRAM data register 62 which, in turn, will point to a location in PRAM 28 when selected by circuits 56 and 64.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4398176.html (11790 words)

	Geek.com Geek News - Carbon nanotubes ready for use in fabs
		Nantero is apparently able to produce nanotubes with less than 25 parts per billion of metal contamination, which is still a high level of contamination for modern fabs but is a level that its fab partners are willing to accept.
		NRAM technology is based on the bimodal stability found when you lay a carbon nanotube matrix across an etched trench.
		They have not yet proven that they can reliably manufacture arrays of working NRAM cells, and that may be a 10 year project, but on the other hand it may only take another couple of years.
	www.geek.com /news/geeknews/2006Nov/wbc20061106040008.htm (1479 words)

	Nantero founders bank on nanotube memory becoming universal, Small Times - July 07, 2003
		The proprietary NRAM design was invented by Thomas Rueckes, Nantero's chief scientific officer and founding member.
		The process involves depositing a very thin layer of carbon nanotubes over the entire surface of the wafer, then using lithography and etching to remove the nanotubes that are not in the right position to serve as elements in the array.
		Nantero is working to develop NRAM (nonvolatile random access memory), a portable memory chip with low power consumption, high speed and storage density better than other memory options (such as flash memory, DRAM, SRAM, etc.).
	www.smalltimes.com /articles/stm_print_screen.cfm?ARTICLE_ID=268846 (915 words)

	NRAM - скоро начнётся серийный выпуск ОЗУ на нанотрубках! - Новости - ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NRAM - скоро начнётся серийный выпуск ОЗУ на нанотрубках!
		Память NRAM основана на нанотрубках, производство которых, до этого момента, было сложным и дорогостоящим, но благодаря трудам вышеназванных компаний все трудности удалось преодолеть.
		NRAM работает очень быстро и не является энергозависимой, то есть хранит данные после отключения питания, подобно флэш-памяти.
	www.mobimag.ru /News/2679/NRAM.htm (192 words)

	EETimes.com - Nantero reports 10-Gbit nanotube memory array
		Nantero claimed at its web site that its NRAM would be much faster and denser than DRAM, have lower power consumption than DRAM or flash and be highly resistant to environmental forces such as heat, cold and magnetism.
		What's known so far is that the NRAM junction involves the use of suspended nanotube junctions as memory bits, with the "up" position representing bit zero and the "down" position representing bit one.
		A nanotube is a form of fullerene carbon in which the hexagonally connected "graphite" sheet is curled up to form a tube of nanometer-scale diameter.
	www.eetimes.com /news/semi/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=10801946&printable=true (548 words)

	Nantero Turns on 22nm NRAM Memory Switch - 4/12/2006 - Electronic News
		NRAM is a rewritable memory device that holds its data content without power, making it a potential universal memory for numerous applications, including portable consumer products.
		In addition to the R&D work on the 22nm NRAM switch, Nantero said it is also engaged in the development of NRAM memory chips at technology nodes in use today.
		Nantero's NRAM switches have been tested by writing and reading data using three nanosecond cycle times, giving it the potential to match the fastest memories in production today.
	edn.com /article/CA6324350.html?partner=enews&title=Article&... (402 words)

	Nantero-Home Page
		The company's objective is to deliver a product that will replace all existing forms of memory, such as DRAM, SRAM and flash memory, with NRAM™ serving as universal memory.
		NRAM™ can be manufactured for both standalone and embedded memory applications.
		Nantero will license complete packages to enable manufacturers to produce, market, and sell nanotube-based semiconductor products, such as NRAM™, which can be used in both standalone and embedded memory applications.
	www.nram.com /index.html (230 words)

	Nantero Proves NRAM Scalability Successfully Fabricates 22nm Memory Switch, Electronics, Nantero - NanoTechWire.com - ...
		NRAM is a rewritable memory device that holds its data content without power, making it a potential universal memory and an ideal solution for numerous applications, including portable consumer products.
		In addition to the advanced R&D work that resulted in the fabrication of the 22nm NRAM switch, Nantero is also engaged in the development of NRAM memory chips at technology nodes in use today.
		Nantero's NRAM switches have been tested by writing and reading data using three (3) nanosecond cycle times, giving it the potential to match the fastest memories in production today.
	www.nanotechwire.com /news.asp?nid=3170&ntid=123&pg=1 (424 words)

	Nantero builds 22-nm nonvolatile carbon nanotube memory switch (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The NRAM memory from Nantero (Woburn, Mass.) is a rewritable memory device that holds its data content without power, making it a potential universal memory and suitable for numerous applications.
		Nantero NRAM switches have been tested by writing and reading data using 3-ns cycle times, giving it the potential to match the fastest memories in production today, the company claimed.
		The NRAM switch is covered by U.S. patent 6,706,402 and Nantero said it has over 80 patent applications pending covering multiple aspects of carbon nanotube use in electronics.
	www.embedded.com /shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=185300803 (254 words)

	The Future of Nanotech - eCoustics.com
		Single-walled nanotubes range from 1-billionth to 3-billionths of a meter in diameter and, when magnified, resemble a roll of chicken wire.
		Nantero's NRAM uses carbon nanotubes and combines the speed of SRAM, the density of DRAM, and the nonvolatility of flash memory.
		NRAM stores data by changing each carbon nanotube's proximity to an electrode; current flows to the electrode only when the nanotube is in its on state.
	www.ecoustics.com /pcw/news/126860 (594 words)

	4. Non-Deterministic Computations (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Definition 4.1 Given an NRAM program P and an input x, an accepting computation of P on x is any legal sequence of instruction executions of P for which that last instruction executed is the output instruction of P, i.e., for which P halts.
		Definition 4.2 We say that the NRAM program P accepts the input x if and only if there exists some accepting computation of P on x.
		Proof: It suffices to show that every set accepted by an NRAM program is the domain of some partial recursive function.
	www.cs.pitt.edu /~daley/cs3120/cs3120w_node121.html (498 words)

	CleanRooms - Semiconductor industry tackles nanotube contamination issues
		Nantero touts its nonvolatile random access memory (NRAM) as a universal memory solution because NRAM devices combine the speed, density, and nonvolatility that are only found today in the three separate memory technologies: DRAM, SRAM, and flash.
		NRAM technology is being implemented by Nantero and partner LSI Logic Corp. (Milpitas, Calif.; www.lsilogic.com).
		Having NRAMs on board may mean that other stand-alone memory devices and chips could be eliminated.
	cr.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=Articles&Subsection=Display&ARTICLE_ID=220151 (1273 words)

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