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Topic: Nabonidus Chronicle

	A Commentary on Cyrus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At the peak of the festival the statue of Bel-Marduk, the king of the Babylonian gods, was brought from the temple into the street and the king was supposed to clasp the statue‘s hand.
		If it is true that Nabonidus was absent for ten years then this ritual was seriously neglected (it is possible that his son, Belshazzer performed it.) This is not only an insult to the people, but jeopardises the relationship between the gods and city.
		Nabonidus also spends a great deal of time in Teima which is a big oasis - but it was a fruitless campaign for him.
	www.herodotuswebsite.co.uk /cyrus.htm (3060 words)

	Chronicle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A dead chronicle is one where the author gathers his list of events up to the time of his writing, but does not record further events as they occur.
		A live chronicle is where one or more authors add to a chronicle in a regular fashion, recording contemporary events shortly after they occur.
		The term often refers to a book written by a chronicler in the Middle Ages describing historical events in a country, or the lives of a nobleman or a clergyman, although it is also applied to a record of public events.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chronicle (254 words)

	Iranica.com - BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES
		These chronicles, which are closely connected to one another, began with the reign of Nabu-na@sáir (747-734 B.C.E.) and continued as far as the reign of Seleucus II (245-226 B.C.E.).
		The so-called chronicle of Nabopolassar (or the Gadd chronicle, as it is otherwise called) covers the period from the tenth to the seventeenth year of Nabopolassar (616-609 B.C.E.).
		The chronicle goes on to state that there was no interruption of the rites in Babylonian temples and that when Cyrus entered Babylon he pronounced words of greeting to all inhabitants of the city.
	www.iranica.com /articles/sup/Babylon_Chronicles.html (636 words)

	Belshazzar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Belshazzar (or Baltasar; Akkadian Bel-sarra-usur) was a prince of Babylon, the son of Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon.
		Belshazzar was the son of Nabonidus, who after ruling only three years, went to the oasis of Tema and devoted himself to the worship of the moon god, Sin.
		In the year 540 B.C. Nabonidus returned from Tema, hoping to defend his kingdom from the Persians who were planning to advance on Babylon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Belshazzar (1277 words)

	Digital Graphic Bible - Michael The Archangel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nabonidus Chronicle Tablet (556-530s BC), which is a part of a tremendous artifact collection at the "British Museum" in the U.K. conveys interesting things about Belshazzar's father Nabonidus.
		The chronicle indicates that Nabonidus was in Arabia for a great deal of his reign, and would make appearances at the annual spring festival in Babylon in order to demonstrate his presence.
		Nabonidus established at the oasis of Teima and negotiated alliances with the Arabs.
	www.digitalbible.org /bible_html_topics/belshazzar/belshazzar.html (621 words)

	Daniel Chapter 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Nabonidus Chronicle verified the Belshazzar as the son of Nabonidus, who was the known king of Babylonian Empire.
		We know from the Nabonidus Chronicle that the New Year Festival was cancelled in the seventh to the eleventh years of his reign because he did not return to Babylon from his new capital in Teima in northern Arabia.
		Nabonidus dwelt in Teima, north of the Arabian desert as recorded in the Nabonidus Chronicle.
	www.truthnet.org /Daniel/Chapter5 (4040 words)

	BIBLE STUDY MANUALS: BELSHAZZAR
		If Nabonidus was old enough and skilled enough to be the ruler of a city during Nebuchadnezzar's 8th year, then certainly by the 20th year he might be considered capable of handling the responsibility of the Babylonian treaty-maker.
		The eldest son of Nabonidus was Belshazzar and a clearer statement of the co-regency of Nabonidus and Belshazzar could hardly be expected.
		The Nabonidus Chronicle is clear in stating that in the last year of Nabonidus' reign he returned to Babylon and celebrated the New Year's festival although it continues by saying that he fled, later returned to Babylon and was taken captive.
	www.biblestudymanuals.net /belshazzar.htm (4330 words)

	Nabonidus-Cyrus Chronicle inscription rendered into Persian
		The tablet, which gives a brief year-by-year account of the events during the reign of Nabonidus, the last king of independent Babylonia, is kept at the British Museum.
		“The chronicle, which was discovered in the royal palace of Babylonia, is older than the Cyrus Cylinder (539-530 BC) and had never been translated into Persian till now,” he explained.
		In addition, it is the most ancient record that chronicles Cyrus’s conquest of other countries, including Babylonia.
	www.mehrnews.ir /en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=471386 (319 words)

	Part 6: Appendix B: The Pivotal Date 539 B.C. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The year is not stated in the Chronicle, because the very place on the cuneiform tablet where the key reference to Nabonidus's 17th year would have been was broken off, and "reference to the 'seventeenth year' of Nabonidus...
		Under the subject "Nabonidus" a certain amount of mixed feelings on the part of the authors is evident with respect to the dates of Nabonidus's rule.
		Even though Nabonidus' reign were of greater length than generally supposed, this would not change the accepted date of 539 B.C.E. as the year of Babylon's fall, for there are other sources pointing to that year.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Academy/6040/gentile6.htm (9765 words)

	6/21/98 Daniel Chapter 5 - Handwriting On The Wall
		Belshazzar was the son of Nabonidus (Nab-o-nidus) and the grandson of Nebuchadnezzar.
		Though Nabonidus is not named in Daniel 5, he was the first ruler of Babylon.
		Nabonidus was actually living in self-imposed exile in Arabia and Belshazzar was literally ruling as the "King" of
	www.trbc.org /sermons/980621.html (1470 words)

	Biblical Archaeology: Iron Age IIC
		In 553, the third year of Nabonidus, Cyrus II and Nabonidus were plotting against the Medes.
		In autumn, according to the Nabonidus Chronicle, Nabonidus fled and the Persian army under Gubaru entered the city.
		But Nabonidus attempted to bring the temples under close scrutiny, and appointed the “Royal Officer, Lord of the Appointment” and the “Royal Officer over the King's Coffer.” This, more than the heresy, led to the alienation of the priests.
	www.christianleadershipcenter.org /bibarch12.htm (5022 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The chronicle stresses that Nabonidus was absent in Arabia for much of his reign, thereby interrupting performances of the annual spring festival in Babylon where the king's presence was essential.
		Nabonidus established a base at the oasis of Teima on the caravan routes and campaigned against other rich oases or negotiated alliances with the Arabs.
		The Babylonians were allied with Lydia and eventually in September/October 539 BC the Persian and Babylonian armies met at Opis, east of the Tigris.
	www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk /compass/ixbin/print?OBJ4563 (270 words)

	Good News Bible Reading Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Belshazzar, as we've already seen, was the son of Nabonidus, ruling as coregent for him in Babylon.
		Yet notice that Nebuchadnezzar is referred to in chapter 5 as Belshazzar's father (verses 2,11,13,18) and Belshazzar as Nebuchadnezzar's son (verse 22).
		Thus Nabonidus seems to have married Nebuchadnezzar's daughter Nitocris, and their son was Nabonidus II, otherwise known as Belshazzar or Balthazar.
	www.ucgstp.org /bible/brp/dan5.htm (3699 words)

	Articles - Belshazzar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Daniel 5:1-4 calls Nebuchadnezzar his father but in the light of extra-Biblical evidence this must be understood in the sense of ancestor.
		The father of the historical Belshazzar was Nabonidus and his mother was Nitocris, known to be the daughter of Nebuchadnezzar and widow of Nergal-sharezer.
		Nabonidus, after ruling only three years, went to the oasis of Tema and devoted himself to the worship of the moon god, Sin.
	www.kamero.net /articles/Belshazzar (1064 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2004012445
		Chronicles from the Neo-Babylonian, Persian and Seleucid Periods 16.
		Chronicle of the last Kassite kings and the Kings of Isin 47.
		Chronicle of the kings of Babylon from the 2nd Isin dynasty to the Assyrian conquest 48.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0418/2004012445.html (352 words)

	Greek Chronicles - translations
		These chronicles were written at different times, and in different levels of detail, varying from bare lists of rulers to descriptions of the events of each year.
		The Chronicle of Eusebius has been translated separately.
		Apollodorus wrote a chronicle in verse, covering from the earliest times down to at leaset 119 B.C. It was widely used by later writers, but only fragments now remain.
	www.attalus.org /translate/chronicles.html (2235 words)

	Daniel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Another historical problem that is raised is the fact that, according to extra-biblical sources, it was Nabonidus who was the king of the neo-Babylonian empire, before its fall to Cyrus; this is contrary to the scene depicted in Dan 5, in which Belshazzar is portrayed as king.
		The Prayer of Nabonidus (4QprNab) is similar to Dan 3:31-4:34 and is taken by some scholars to be an earlier version of the latter.
		According to Collins, the author of Dan 2, modified this traditional historical schema by replacing the Assyrian kingdom with the neo-Babylonian; the result, however, was a historical error, for the Median kingdom existed as simultaneous with the neo-Babylonian and not as its successor.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/Daniel.htm (11570 words)

	CHAPTER 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Nabonidus Chronicle, the lengthier of the two, describes how Cyrus of Anshan became master of the Mede Empire after his defeat of Astyages (Ishtumegu), and chronicles his victory over Lydia, as well as his conquest of Babylon.
		The earlier Nabonidus is usually known as Nabonasser, the contemporary and adversary of Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria, whom the present writer regards as an alter-ego of Cyrus.
		The chroniclers of Judaic history however called this power and its kings by their Semitic names; whereas the chroniclers of the history of the exiled Israelites, living as they did in the Persian homeland, used the Persian names.
	www.consciousevolution.com /rennes/ramessideschapter7.htm (7206 words)

	Reachout Trust - Jehovah's Witness - The Watchtower and Chronological Speculation
		The date of the temple's destruction is known from both the Babylonian Chronicle 3 (B M 21901) and the Adad-guppi stele to be the sixteenth year of Nabopolassar.
		Thus it is obvious that Nabonidus reckoned the 54 years from the sixteenth year of Nabopolassar to the beginning of his own reign when he decided to rebuild the temple.
		Nabonidus then speaks of his own enthronement as successor to Labashi-Marduk and mentions his last four predecessors - Nebuchadnezzar and Neriglissar, whom he regarded as legitimate rulers and their sons Awel-Marduk and Labashi-Marduk whom he regarded as usurpers.
	www.reachouttrust.org /articles/jw/jwchron.htm (7556 words)

	Part 2: Discussion Of Historical Evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thus Nabonidus reckons the 54 years to be from the 16th year of Nabopolassar to the beginning of his own reign when the gods commanded him to rebuild the ruined temple.
		The chronicle is the so-called "Akitu Chronicle," BM 86379, which covers a part of Shamashshumukin's reign, especially his last five years (the 16th to 20th).
		According to Assyriologist D. Wiseman, one portion of the so-called Babylonian Chronicle, covering the period from the rule of Nabu-nasir to Shamash-shum-u- kin (a period dated by secular historians as from 747-648 B.C.E.), is 'a copy made in the twenty-second year of Darius...
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Academy/6040/gentile2.htm (11600 words)

	Wiki-8: Belshazzar Kingship Of With His Father Nabonidus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The former indicates that Nabonidus conquered Te ̂ ma ̂ of his reign; the latter shows that Nabonidus was in the Westland soon after he became king and that he was at Te ̂ ma ̂ in the seventh, ninth, tenth, and eleventh years of his reign.
		The inscription which refers to the fact that food for the king was taken to Te ̂ ma ̂ in the tenth year of Nabonidus is direct corroboration of the information conveyed by the Nabonidus Chronicle.
		Data presented by the two leases of land, one from the king himself in the first year of Nabonidus reign and one from Belshazzar in the eleventh year of his father's reign, may be regarded as throwing a great deal of light upon the period.
	www.8wiki.com /Belshazzar_Kingship_Of_With_His_Father_Nabonidus (1028 words)

	Babylonian Empire
		According to the Babylonian chronicle known as ABC 2, he was recognized as king on 23 November 626.
		This is confirmed by the Nabonidus Chronicle, which informs us about the king's neglect of the Akitu festival.
		Yet, Nabonidus was able to add large parts of Arabia to the Babylonian Empire.
	www.livius.org /ba-bd/babylon/babylonian_empire.html (1968 words)

	Biblical Archaeology: Iron Age III
		From the Nabonidus Chronicle, as we have seen, we learn that this conquest was swift and without much conflict.
		Gutium is Old Babylonian usage for the land between Assyria and Media, east of the Tigris.
		According to Ezra 1:2,3 and 2 Chronicles 26:22,23, one of Cyrus’ great acts was to restore all gods to their native lands, meaning restoring statues and relics and religious objects.
	www.christianleadershipcenter.org /bibarch13.htm (4503 words)

	Daniel 5: Belshazzar's Feast
		There are, however, several contract-tablets that establish the fact that Belshazzar (Bel-sara-usur "Bel protect the king") was the son of Nabonidus or Nabu-nahid.
		The Babylonian Chronicle respecting this period gives us to understand that Nabonidus was not in Babylon when Cyrus was preparing to advance upon it.
		It may thus have been that while Nabonidus was in Akkad, Belshazzar was in Babylon and was there declared king by the people.
	www.swedenborgdigitallibrary.org /sower/pr/dan50.htm (974 words)

	Belshazzar and Darius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		> The Nabonidus Chronicle says that Ugbaru "the governor of Gutium and the army of Cyrus entered Babylon without battle." Then, after relating Cyrus' entry into the city 17 days later, the inscription states that Gubaru, "his governor, installed governors in Babylon." Note that the names "Ugbaru" and "Gubaru" are not the same.
		While they appear to be similar in English, in the cuneiform the sign for the first syllable of Ugbaru's name is quite different from that for Gubaru.
		The Chronicle states that Ugbaru, the governor of Gutium, died within a few weeks of the conquest.
	lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-hebrew/2000-February/006962.html (284 words)

	Object Records Page
		Nabonidus was the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, which stretched from the border of Egypt to the Gulf.
		He was not a member of the royal family but came to the throne after the legitimate ruler had been murdered.
		Another text of Nabonidus records her death and explains that she lived to be over a hundred.
	xfacts.com /iraq2003/last_king.htm (230 words)

	The Achaemenid Robe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Elamite royal robe continued to be used at least until the later stages of the reign of Cyrus.
		The so-called 'Nabonidus Chronicle', a cuneiform document dealing with the history of Babylonia during this period, records an incident which seems to have taken place during the coronation ceremony attended by Cambyses on the 15th March 538 BC, inagurating the period of co-regency of Cyrus and Cambyses in Babylon (cf.
		The tablet is, unfortuately, damaged at this point, but according to an interpretation of A. Oppenheim (The Cambridge History of Iran 2- 1985 p.554), Cambyses went to the temple of Nabu where the priest of Nabu refused to hand over the sceptre of the god to Cambyses on account of the Elamite dress he wore.
	www.oznet.net /cyrus/achaemen.htm (531 words)

	Refutation of Appendix in Let Your Kingdom Come (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is confirmed by Babylonian Chronicles, Berossus, 2 Chronicles and Daniel.
		Nabonidus Harran Stele (NABON H 1, B): This contemporary stele, or pillar with an inscription, was discovered in 1956.
		The chronicles contain a reasonably reliable and representative record of important events in the period with which they are concerned....
	www.geocities.com /osarsif/kc.htm (8789 words)

	Untitled Document
		Nabonidus' mother was the high priestess of the moon god at Haran.
		Since Nabonidus was king and Belshazzar his coregent, the highest office to be conferred was that of the third highest ruler.
		The historical situation leading to this appointment, based on the Nabonidus Chronicle, was that Babylon was conquered by Ugbaru, governor of Gutium, who entered the city of Babylon the night of Belshazzar's feast.
	www.ldolphin.org /daniel/daniel03.html (4775 words)

	Cyrus takes Babylon (530 BCE)
		In addition, we learn that Nabonidus was not in Babylon for ten years.
		From year seven until year sixteen, Nabonidus stayed in the oasis of Temâ in the Arabian desert, from where he could easily go as far south as the oasis Iatribu (modern Medina).
		Ninth year (547/546): Nabonidus, the king stayed in Temâ; the crown prince, his officials and his army were in Akkad.
	www.livius.org /ct-cz/cyrus_I/babylon02.html (1352 words)

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