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Topic: Nacionalista Party (Philippines)

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	Philippines - A Collaborative Philippine Leadership
		Although the party boasted a membership of 200,000 by May 1901, its proposal to make the islands a state of the United States had limited appeal, both in the islands and in the United States, and the party was widely regarded as being opportunistic.
		The appearance of the Nacionalista Party in 1907 marked the emergence of the party system, although the party was without an effective rival from 1916 for most of the period until the emergence of the Liberal Party in 1946.
		Philippine parties have been described by political scientist Carl Landé as organized "upward" rather than "downward." That is, national followings were put together by party leaders who worked in conjunction with local elite groups--in many cases the descendants of the principalía of Spanish times--who controlled constituencies tied to them in patron-client relationships.
	countrystudies.us /philippines/17.htm (966 words)

	Nacionalista Party (Philippines) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nacionalista Party is the oldest political party in the Philippines today and was responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907.
		The party began as the country's vehicle for independence, through the building of a modern nation-state, and through the advocacy of efficient self rule, dominating the Philppine Assembly (1907–1916), the Philppine Legislature (1916–1935) and the pre-war years of the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935–1941).
		The Nationalista Party in the Philippines corresponds somewhat to the Republican Party in the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nacionalista_Party_(Philippines) (600 words)

	On party switching - Apr. 22, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Party switching is interesting because it seems to work all of the time in local politics, but not all of the time in national politics.
		The Liberal Party was an advocate of free trade; the Nacionalista Party was protectionist.
		With the passing of genuine party stalwarts before and during martial law, it was inevitable that the concept of party loyalty, however superficially asserted, would vanish completely as the local opportunists of the past became the national leaders of the present.
	www.inq7.net /opi/2004/apr/22/opi_mlquezoncol-1.htm (807 words)

	Philippine Presidents Past & Present - eMAILPINOY
		Philippine statesman and first president (1946-1948) of the Philippines, born in Capiz, and educated at the University of Manila.
		Roxas was elected president of the Commonwealth in 1946 as the nominee of the liberal wing of the Nacionalista Party (which became the Liberal Party), and, when independence was declared on July 4, he became the first president of the new republic.
		Philippine statesman, born in Iba, and educated at the University of the Philippines and José Rizal College.
	www.emailpinoy.com /educational/philippinepresidents2.shtml (1219 words)

	Philippines - Political Parties
		In 1991 a new opposition party, the Filipino Party (Partido Pilipino), was organized as a vehicle for the presidential campaign of Aquino's estranged cousin Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco.
		The Liberal Party, a democratic-elitist party founded in 1946, survived fourteen years of dormancy (1972 to 1986), largely through the staunch integrity of its central figure, Senate president Jovito Salonga, a survivor of the Plaza Miranda grenade attack of September 1971.
		In June 1988 the party was reorganized as the Struggle of Filipino Democrats (Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino).
	countrystudies.us /philippines/85.htm (1224 words)

	KASAMA: The Filipino Club at Yale -- The Philippines
		The first people in the Philippines, the Negritos, are believed to have come to the islands 30,000 years ago from Borneo and Sumatra, making their way across then-existing land bridges.
		The political system of the Philippines was basically patterned after the U.S., with a bicameral legislature and a president elected every four years, limited to one re-election.
		The Philippine government remains one of the strongest democracies in Asia.
	www.yale.edu /kasama/philippines.html (982 words)

	3rd International Conference of Asian Political Parties
		Party building that aims to recruit new members outside the field of politics is a long and very challenging process.
		In this regard, the party may have its own informal academy where lectures and presentations on different topics and issues of general and specific interests are conducted on a sustained basis for the enlightenment of party members.
		And fourth, the party, by instilling discipline and loyalty among its members, by focusing on its mission and vision rather than on personalities, and by providing a training ground for future leaders from a broad spectrum of society, becomes a stabilizing factor in an uncertain world.
	www.idcpc.org.cn /icapp3/more/presentations_new46.htm (1121 words)

	In the News
		Philippine political parties cannot be understood outside of their development in relation to the Philippines’ presidential form of government, the nature of local - central government relations and elections.
		Other distinct characteristics of Philippine political parties, the shifting character of membership and leadership and the absence of ideological or programmatic differences between parties is linked to the nature of differentiation in the elite.
		Party politics throughout this long period was, for all intents and purposes, factional politics within the Nacionalista Party.
	www.ipd.ph /features/july_2003/political_parties.html (5452 words)

	Nacionalista Party .com
		When World War II broke out, the Nacionalista leaders, notably President Jose P. Laurel, sought to ensure that the welfare of as many Filipinos were first secured, even as a Nacionalista government-in-exile led by President Manuel L. Quezon was established to coordinate the struggle for freedom by many of its countrymen.
		Rather than be depressed by the situation, the Nacionalistas - led by the "Man of the Masses", President Ramon Magsaysay - rolled up their sleeves to earnestly begin rebuilding the country.
		By the 1950's, the economy of the Philippines was the pride of democracy in Asia.
	www.nacionalistaparty.com /about.html (583 words)

	Philippine Presidents
		Sergio Osmeña, Filipino statesman, founder of the Nationalista Party (Partido Nacionalista) and 4th president of the Philippines (1944 to 1946), was born in Cebu City on September 9, 1878.
		In 1907 he was elected delegate to the Philippine National Assembly and consequently became speaker of the House of Representatives in 1916.
		The bill was vetoed by the Philippine Assembly and Quezon obtained in its place the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, with essentially identical provisions except that it made the Philippines a commonwealth with a large measure of independence.
	www.angelfire.com /trek/nevcal/sosmena.html (425 words)

	Presidents of the Philippines
		After receiving law degrees from the University of the Philippines (1915) and from Yale University (1920), he was elected to the Philippines Senate in 1925 and appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court in 1936.
		As the Nationalist Party's nominee for the presidency of the Philippines in 1949, he was narrowly defeated by the incumbent president, Elpidio Quirino, nominee of the Liberal Party.
		He became president of the Philippines in March 1957 for eight months, upon the death of president Ramon Magsaysay, and was elected to a full four-year term the same year (The noisiest and the most expensive in Philippine history).
	www.geocities.com /iridium357/presiden.htm (6332 words)

	Our School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Because of the overwhelming Nacionalista victories in the 1916 election, the minority groups, Sumulong’s Progresista’s and the Partido Democrata Nacional of Teodoro Sandiko, merged in August 1917 to form the Democrata Party.
		When the first Philippine Independence Act, known as the Hare-Hawes Cutting Act was enacted by the US Congress, he decided to oppose its acceptance by the Filipino people mainly because of its provision that even after Philippine independence, the United States will continue the exercise the sovereignty over US Military reservation in the Philippines.
		The coalition in 1935 of this party and the opposition party of Osmena was bitterly denounced by Sumulong in his manifest called After the Coalition, the Deluge.
	www.angelfire.com /wizard/injsespasaycity/School.html (1189 words)

	A heartbeat away from the presidency 2
		Congressman Faustino Tobia of Ilocus Norte, although a Nacionalista, was in attendance at the caucus.
		The Liberal Party website assumes, obviously due to oversight or blatant distortion of record, that President Roxas was also president of the Liberal Party at the time of his death [which is not true by rule of the party, as earlier noted].
		Assuming the party website, as now constituted and posted to be true, this means that in rapid successions—premised on the A Republic is Born account—Quirino, Perez, and Avelino were each president of the Liberal Party for just over a month and a half on the average.
	gugma.samarnews.net /articles/article31a.htm (2677 words)

	Philippines Overview \| Philippines Tour Guide \| iExplore.com
		The earliest inhabitants of the Philippines were the Negritos.
		In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos of the Nacionalista party
		Aware of this situation, WOW Philippines, the cornerstone program of the Department of Tourism, is proving to be successful in attracting both domestic and foreign visitors to the country.
	www.africa.com /dmap/Philippines/Overview (569 words)

	Philippines Government Structure
		Aquino did not seek to create a political party to perpetuate her rule, preferring instead to rely on her personal popularity, which initially was strong but diminished throughout her term.
		It gave the Philippines twenty-six years of stable, constitutional government during a period when a number of other Asian states were succumbing to military dictatorship or communist revolution.
		The constitution was opposed by both the Communist Party of the Philippines--Marxist Leninist (referred to as the CPP) and the leftist May First Movement (Kilusang Mayo Uno) for three reasons: It was tepid on land reform, it did not absolutely ban nuclear weapons from Philippine territory, and it offered incentives to foreign investors.
	www.country-studies.com /philippines/government-structure.html (1879 words)

	HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES
		Before the so-called invaders of Philippines came here, we proudly say that we are civilized then and stood up by ourselves even without the help of others.
		It was not easy for the Spaniards to conquer and build a government in the Philippines because the native Filipinos fought for their rights, freedom, and dignity.
		Japan attacked the Philippines on Dec. 8, 1941, defeating U.S. and Filipino forces at Bataan and Corregidor in 1942.
	library.thinkquest.org /28616/noframes/philippines/phil1.htm (1403 words)

	A heartbeat away from the presidency
		Avelino, on the other hand, was president of the Liberal Party, a position he ascended to in part upon the instance of Roxas, first president of the party, who became president of the Philippines by virtue of his party’s triumph in the April 23, 1946 national election.
		By party rule at the time, when a member who is president of the party becomes president of the country, as in the case of Roxas, that member becomes the president of the entire nation and relinquishes the dual role of also being the president of his party.
		Consequently, the Liberal Party was born on January 19, 1946 to prepare a younger generation of leaders for the national election slated for April 23, 1946.
	www.samarnews.net /gugma/articles/article31.htm (3820 words)

	Philippines the Jones Act
		Elections were held for the two houses in 1916, and the Nacionalista Party made an almost clean sweep.
		The Jones Act remained the basic legislation for the administration of the Philippines until the United States Congress passed new legislation in 1934 which became effective in 1935, establishing the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
		The Nacionalista Party created a political deadlock when ranking Filipino officials resigned in 1923 leaving their positions vacant until Wood's term ended with his death in 1927.
	www.country-studies.com /philippines/the-jones-act.html (692 words)

	Liberal Party of the Philippines
		Founding of the Liberal Party of the Philippines by President Manuel Roxas, Jan. 19, from the "Liberal" Wing of the Nacionalista Party.
		By this time, too, the Philippines under Macapagal was gearing up to be a regional power, having been instrumental in the creation of MAPHILINDO, the precursor of ASEAN, and in the creation of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), which created the world's first "miracle rice", IR-8.
		The LP leads in the founding of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats (CALD) the regional organization of liberal and democratic political parties in Asia.
	www.liberalparty.ph /history/timeline.htm (1292 words)

	Philippines History \| iExplore.com
		She was constantly threatened by the rump of Marcos supporters in the military who launched repeated but unsuccessful coup attempts, but earned the backing of most of the senior command by maintaining a hard line in the campaign against the NPA.
		The Philippines’ economic growth came to a shuddering halt in late 1997 when the collapse of the region’s currencies produced a stock market crash, high inflation, the cessation of foreign investment, and a large budget deficit.
		The Philippines belong to the Association of South East Asian Nations (the anti-Communist bloc which is now assuming an important economic role) and the Asian Development Bank.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Philippines/History (1138 words)

	Sergio Osmeña Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Sergio Osmeña (1878-1961) was the second president of the Philippine Commonwealth and a distinguished statesman.
		The operation of the Philippine constitution was temporarily suspended with Osmeña's consent.
		Osmeña hoped that Philippine independence would be granted on Aug. 13, 1945, but the U.S. Congress and President Franklin Roosevelt had already fixed the date of independence as July 4, 1946.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/sergio-osmena (892 words)

	Kasama: The Filipino Club at Yale
		The Philippines was a prize catch for Spain.
		Spain’s rule lasted from the 16th to the 19th century but was marked with a series of revolts.
		Ferdinand Marcos was first elected President on the Nacionalista Party in 1965.
	www.yale.edu /kasama/historyKasama.dwt (982 words)

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