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Topic: Naegleria

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	Free-living amebic infection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Free-living amebae belonging to the genera Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, and Naegleria are important causes of disease in humans and animals.
		Naegleria fowleri is found in fresh water, soil, thermal discharges of power plants, heated swimming pools, hydrotherapy and medicinal pools, aquariums, and sewage.
		Acute primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is caused by Naegleria fowleri.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Free-living_amebic_infection (616 words)

	Emerging Infectious Diseases: Fatal Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis, It... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Naegleria fowled was characterized as genotype I on the basis of polymerase chain reaction test results.
		When the case was referred to the parasitology laboratory (Infectious Diseases Department, Pavia University Hospital), a definitive diagnosis of PAM was made on the basis of morphology of amebic trophozoites, which exhibited a conspicuous karyosome, a vacuolated cytoplasm, and a mean diameter of 10 [micro]m to 12 gm.
		Isolation and identification of pathogenic Naegleria australiensis (Amoebida, Vahlkampfiidae) from a spa in northern Italy.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:125065432&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (1684 words)

	Zoomastigophorea: Naegleria
		Fortunately, Naegleria gruberi is not known to be pathogenic to humans, and the commonly used laboratory strain (strain NEG) is harmless.
		Naegleria cysts are harvested by washing down a mass plate with distilled water or 2 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5 and suspension transferred to a 15 ml capped conical disposable centrifuge tube.
		Since the development of paired flagella is a part of the Naegleria transformation from amoeba to flagellate, it seemed appropriate to look at the effects of inhibitors of flagellar regeneration in transforming amoebae.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/naegleria.html (1136 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 81
		Naegleria fowleri causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis, a rare, rapidly fatal disease with sudden onset of headache, fever, stiff neck, lethargy, and coma in otherwise healthy people.
		Naegleria fowleri is the agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis, a fulminating, rapidly fatal disease.
		Naegleria fowleri isolated from humans is morphologically identical to the common, nonpathogenic amebas N gruberi and N australiensis.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch081.htm (3042 words)

	Chandler Fulton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There are two calmodulins in Naegleria flagellates, and they are neatly segregated in the cells, with the major one (CaM-1) localized in the flagella and the other (CaM-2) in the flagellate cell body.
		We are studying the nature of centrin and its associated proteins in an effort to understand the structures it forms and its involvement in motility.
		The Naegleria agent, a small protein, is not toxic to vertebrate cells and does not affect their growth, but causes them to die in a delayed fashion after the cells exit the cell cycle.
	www.bio.brandeis.edu /faculty/fulton.html (521 words)

	Division of Parasitic Diseases - Naegleria Infection Fact Sheet
		Naegleria is an ameba commonly found in the environment, in water and soil.
		Although Naegleria is commonly found in the environment, infection occurs rarely.
		Infection with Naegleria is most common during the dry, summer months, when the temperature is above 80 ° F and the water is warm and water levels are low.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dpd/parasites/naegleria/factsht_naegleria.htm (475 words)

	Naegleria
		Trophozoites are thought to enter the nose during swimming in warm water and thereafter the brain by locomotion and destruction of neurons.
		The nucleus of Naegleria is similar in overall structure to a number of protists in that the nucleolus is very prominent (Figure 1).
		-tubulin gene of Naegleria encodes a carboxy-terminal tyrosine.
	www.bms.ed.ac.uk /research/others/smaciver/naegleria.htm (2709 words)

	eMedicine - Naegleria : Article by Asad Khan, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Background: Naegleria fowleri is a ubiquitous free-living ameba, which is the etiologic agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
		Dubray BL, Wilhelm WE, Jennings BR: Serology of Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria lovaniensis in a hospital survey.
		John DT: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis and the biology of Naegleria fowleri.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2807.htm (3672 words)

	Primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis deaths in Maricopa County and implications for public health practice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Post mortem examinations detected the presence of Naegleria fowleri in brain tissues and cerebral spinal fluids of both cases, resulting in primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis (PAM) as final cause of death.
		Naegleria is found in warm, fresh, surface water.
		The only common water exposure was the untreated groundwater supplied by a private water company to one boy’s home and to the home of the grandparents of the other boy, where he spent a great deal of time.
	apha.confex.com /apha/131am/techprogram/paper_55091.htm (399 words)

	Article: Naegleria Infection: DPD - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Naegleria is an ameba commonly found in the environment.
		Most commonly, the ameba is found in the soil and in warm, stagnant bodies of fresh water, such as lakes, rivers, and hot springs, unchlorinated swimming pools, and in warm water discharge pools from industrial plants.
		Headache, fever, nausea and vomiting, stiff neck, confusion, lack of attention to people and surroundings, loss of balance and bodily control, seizures, and hallucinations are signs and symptoms of infection.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /artic/naegleria_infection_dpd.htm (417 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		An interesting case of naegleria meningitis diagnosed by wet mount cytology of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and treated with amphoterecin B, rifampicin and ornidazole with complete recovery is presented.
		The free living amebae Naegleria fowleri, Acanthemeba species and Bala muthiamandrillaris cause extremely rare and sporadic central nervous system (CNS) infections termed as primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) which were first described in 1965 by Fowler and Carter in Australia.
		Although CSF had shown plenty of actively motile trophozoites suggestive of naegleria infection, but the presence of lymphocytic pleocytosis is unusual.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ni02125 (1440 words)

	WMI - Article Archive: Winter Worries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Once the single-celled amoeba, Naegleria Fowleri, sets up housekeeping in a human brain, death usually occurs in three to six days.
		Naegleria breeds year-round due to the constant temperature of the water, but cold weather makes the warm water more inviting to humans.
		As the mercury drops, Naegleria and several other opportunities to become sick, damaged, or dead, arise.
	www.nols.edu /wmi/articles/archive/cold.shtml (1129 words)

	Rose Valley Water FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Naegleria is an amoeba commonly found in the environment.
		Specific testing for the Naegleria fowleri amoeba is not required by any county, state or federal law, and Rose Valley is not aware of any water system anywhere in the world which routinely tests for the amoeba.
		I have heard that the Naegleria fowleri amoeba thrives in warm, stagnant water.
	www.rosevalleywaterco.com /faqs.htm (3780 words)

	Volusia County Health Department - Environmental Health
		Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare disease caused by infection with the amoeba Naegleria fowleri.
		Naegleria fowleri is known to thrive in freshwater where the temperature exceeds 86° F. While studies indicate that chlorination of pools, ponds etc. can destroy cysts and trophozoites of pathogenic Naegleria, there are no practical means of controlling the amoeba in lakes and streams.9
		Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis and the biology of Naegleria fowleri.
	www.volusiahealth.net /eh/public_updates/amoeba.html (554 words)

	Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science
		Naegleria fowleri is responsible for a rapidly fatal human disease known as primary amebic meningoencephalitis [reviewed by John (1)].
		Naegleria australiensis has been isolated from the environment and is pathogenic to mice but has not been associated with human infection.
		Vero-cell monolayers are suitable to assess cytopathogenicity of Naegleria species because Vero-cell cultures appear to distinguish degrees of cytopathic effect (CPE) (5, 6).
	digital.library.okstate.edu /OAS/oas_htm_files/v74/p17_20nf.html (1388 words)

	Naegleria spp. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The corresponding strains were isolated from the gills of 11 specimens of Oncorhynchus mykiss and of one specimen of Salvelinus fontinalis.
		Statistical analysis supplied a basis for the selection of Naegleria species to be used for species determination by means of molecular analysis.
		Three clones derived from two strains isolated from the gills of Cyprinus carpio could not be allotted either to the genus Naegleria or to any of the genera of the family Vahlkampfiidae.
	www.uga.edu /~protozoa/secabs/abstr/int/c2/c207.html (259 words)

	Abstract List
		The de novo formation of basal bodies in Naegleria gruberi was preceded by the transient formation of a microtubule (MT)-nucleating complex containing gamma-tubulin, pericentrin, and myosin II complex (GPM complex).
		Walsh, C. (1994) Synthesis and assembly of the cytoskeleton of Naegleria gruberi flagellates.
		While Naegleria flagellar alpha-tubulin was found to be acetylated based on its reaction with a monoclonal antibody specific to this form, we suggest that alpha-2 is not likely to arise due to acetylation in vitro but probably represents the product of a second alpha-tubulin gene.
	www.pitt.edu /~biohome/Dept/Frame/Faculty/walshabstract.htm (1571 words)

	Yellowstone National Park Press Releases -- The Total Yellowstone Press Release Page
		Naegleria fowleri is a single-celled organism that is found worldwide in soil and all natural surface waters, particularly very warm and shallow waters.
		Naegleria fowleri is known to cause primary amoebic meningoenchephalitis (PAM).
		Naegleria is an amoeba that is commonly found in soils and warm bodies of water throughout the world, such as thermal waters.
	www.yellowstone-natl-park.com /press/2003/pr46.htm (1234 words)

	EPI UPDATE
		Studies have conclusively shown pathogenic Naegleria to be widely distributed in lake bottom sediment or at the sediment/lake water interface.
		Naegleria fowleri is known to thrive in freshwater where the temperature exceeds 86
		Primary amebic meningoencephalitis and the biology of Naegleria fowleri.
	www.doh.state.fl.us /Disease_ctrl/epi/Epi_Updates/2002/eu080202.htm (2158 words)

	Instructor's guide to experimental biosciences, Rice University - living materials
		Details on the biology and laboratory culture of Naegleria can be found in Fulton, Chandler, Amebo-flagellates as Research Partners: The Laboratory Biology of Naegleria and Tetramitus.
		Propagation of Naegleria will be evident by a growing plaque, with a ridge of active amoeba leaving cysts behind.
		Naegleria often grow unpredictably, and it can be difficult to guarantee a pure population of cysts and/or amoebae in sufficient numbers, without experience.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~bioslabs/methods/howto/livesupplies.html (2004 words)

	Reference Laboratory
		Small free-living amebae belonging to the genera Acanthamoeba and Naegleria have been identified as agents of human disease, causing infections of the central nervous system, cornea, lungs, and skin.
		Naegleria fowleri is implicated in primary amebic meningoencephalitis, an acute fulminating disease that is often fatal.
		The fluorescent stain calcofluor white is used for the rapid detection of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria cysts.
	www.focustechnologies.com /focus/1-reference_laboratory/search_frame.asp?f=1 (1588 words)

	Francine Marciano-Cabral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The pathogenicity of Naegleria amoebae in vivo correlates with resistance to complement-mediated lysis in vitro.
		Characterization of a neutral aminoacyl-peptide hydrolase from Naegleria fowleri.
		Effects of cyclophosphamide and a metabolite, acrolein, on Naegleria fowleri in vitro and in vivo.
	www.vcu.edu /micro/faculty/marciano.htm (1386 words)

	Developmental Biology Online: Differentiation in the Amoeboflagellate Naegleria
		One of the most remarkable cases of protist "differentiation" is that of Naegleria gruberi.
		Fulton, C. and Lai, E. Stable intermediates and holdpoints in the rapid differentiation of Naegleria.
		Walsh, C. Synthesis and assembly of the cytoskeleton of Naegleria gruberi flagellates.
	www.devbio.com /article.php?id=10 (840 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Naegleria fowleri - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Naegleria fowleri: Another name for Naegleria (or close medical condition association).
		Naegleria fowleri: Naegleria fowleri is listed as a type of (or associated with) the following medical conditions in our database: Bacterial diseases Naegleria fowleri (medical condition): Rare bacterial infection from contaminated water
		Naegleria fowleri: Naegleria is an ameba commonly found in the environment.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/naegleria_fowleri.htm (163 words)

	Naegleria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Before the seventies of the 20th century Naegleria had been studied mainly as a model for transformation because the amoebae easily transform into flagellates.
		Willaertia, which forms dividing flagellates, is the genus that is the closest relative of the genus Naegleria.
		The genus Naegleria has some particularities in its molecular biology, such as circular ribosomal DNA plasmids (shared with other vahlkampfiids), group I introns in small and large subunit rDNA, and an unusual pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase.
	www.uga.edu /~protozoa/secabs/abstr/int/a5/a545.html (335 words)

	Naegleria Page
		One of the great advantages of the Naegleria system is the reproducibility of the differentiation.
		The de novo formation of basal bodies is a nearly unique feature of the Naegleria differentiation and it provides the potential for investigating the control of these poorly understood organelles.
		The appearance of the flagellate phenotype in populations of Naegleria.
	www.pitt.edu /~cwalsh/naegleria.html (2760 words)

	PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS (PAM)
		Naegleria fowleri is the etiologic agent of the rapidly fatal disease known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
		Both Naegleria and Acanthamoeba are uninucleate and the nucleus has a large, dark staining, centrally located karyosome.
		Sustentacular cells of the olfactory neuroepithelium are capable of active phagocytosis, which appears to be the means by which the Naegleria penetrate the central nervous system (2).
	www.camlt.org /DL_web/930_PAM.html (1721 words)

	Use of Multiplex PCR and PCR Restriction Enzyme Analysis for Detection and Exploration of the Variability in the ...
		Evaluation of evolutionary divergence in the genus Naegleria by analysis of ribosomal DNA plasmid restriction patterns.
		A comparative study of 14 strains of Naegleria australiensis demonstrates the existence of a highly virulent subspecies: N.
		Isolation of the freshwater Naegleria fowleri (Carter, 1970) from a river using a monoclonal antibody and the polymerase chain reaction.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/4/2061 (2656 words)

	An interesting amoeba - Naegleria
		Focusing in I saw that this was an amoeboid form.
		Viewing its movement and general appearance, with the video microscope, I formed the opinion that it was an amoeba of the Naegleria genus.
		Naegleria is interesting in that one of the species, N.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artdec01/mmamoeba.html (353 words)

	Naegleria
		Naegleria species (and their close relative Acanthamoeba) are pathogenic free-living amoebae, i.e.
		Naegleria gruberi is an amoeba-flagellate, so called because the organism can exist as an amoeba and also as swimming flagellates.
		The differentiation of Naegleria provides a valuable system for examining a number of interesting problems in eukaryote cell and developmental biology.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /video/Naegleria.html (525 words)

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