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Topic: Nahdatul Ulama

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	Nahdatul Ulama
		The ulama are the scholar-legists of Islam, trained in the religious sciences such as the Qur'an, exegesis and interpretation of the relgious law, shari'a.
		The Nahdatul Ulama, meaning the 'awakening of the ulama', was established in 1926 by Javanese ulama concerned to strengthen traditional Islam and unify Indonesian Muslims against the threats posed both by the secular appeals of nationalism and communism, and also the rival religious appeals of the reformist Muhammadiyah and the heretical Ahmadiyah.
		The headquarters of Nahdtul Ulama is in Jakarta.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/indon/nahdat.html (938 words)

	Nahdatul Ulama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nahdatul Ulama, known as Nahdlatul Ulama or NU, is a traditionalist conservative Sunni Islam group in Indonesia.
		Its traditionalist nature is evident in the name Ulama, referring to the scholar-preachers of Islam, trained in Qur'anic studies, including the interpretation of the religious laws contained therein.
		Its first president was Hasyim Asy'ari, who was the most respected Ulama in Indonesia at the time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama (270 words)

	Abdurrahman Wahid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He had long been a widely-respected and controversial Muslim cleric and leader of the Nahdatul Ulama before being elected President by the Indonesian parliament.
		This failure was due to Nadhlatul Ulama's strong conservative leadership traditions, and the enormous respect inspired by Gus Dur himself.
		Nahdatul Ulama had traditionally been led by the family members and descendants of Hasyim Asy'ari, founder of the mass movement (Gus Dur is the grandson of Asy'ari).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid (967 words)

	Indonesia - Islamic Political Culture
		The principal organization reflecting the traditionalist outlook was Nahdatul Ulama (literally, "revival of the religious teachers," but commonly referred to as the Muslim Scholars' League) founded in 1926.
		Nahdatul Ulama competed in the politics of the 1950s, and seeking to capitalize on Masyumi's banning, collaborated with Sukarno in the hope of winning patronage and followers.
		Nahdatul Ulama also hoped to stop the seemingly inexorable advance of the secular left under the leadership of the PKI.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-6306.html (600 words)

	hefner poliec of mtn java exc
		Nahdatul Ulama executives were accorded a leading role in Masyumi's operation, and it eventually became a de facto part of the government through its involvement in the Japanese-created Bureau of
		Nahdatul Ulama so dominated the local political scene that this party and its rivals had an exaggerated sense of its national influence.
		Nahdatul Ulama's calls for holy war and the highly charged presence of its leaders in the purges still gave many uplanders the clear impression that what was really at issue in the conflict was religion.
	www.bu.edu /cura/about/hefnermaterials/hefnerpoliecofmtnjavaexc.htm (13788 words)

	abdurrahman wahid - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		He was a widely-respected populist Muslim cleric and leader of the Nahdatul Ulama before being elected President by the Indonesian parliament.
		He also repealed many of the laws that discriminated against the Indonesian Chinese and even went as far as admitting that his maternal grandmother was part Chinese.
		He is widely known as a moderate Muslim cleric and the Nahdatul Ulama, which traditionally is led by members of his family, has been known to collaborate with other religious groups in Indonesia.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Abdurrahman-Wahid (264 words)

	Indonesia - United Development Party (PPP)
		The four components were Nahdatul Ulama, the Muslim Party of Indonesia (PMI), the Islamic Association Party of Indonesia (PSII), and the Islamic Educational Movement (Perti).
		The split between Nahdatul Ulama and the PMI over the political destiny of the PPP became a schism in the wake of the August 1984 PPP National Congress, the first since its 1973 formation.
		The decline in Nahdatul Ulama's influence in the PPP, together with constraints on the Islamic content of the PPP's message, confirmed the traditionalists' perception that Nahdatul Ulama should withdraw from the political process and concentrate on its religious, social, and educational activities.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/89.htm (383 words)

	Under the Banner of Islam: Mobilising Religious Identities in West Java. - The Australian Journal of Anthropology - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		While villagers have ties with particular ulama and may go to them for advice regularly, ulama from other areas are invited to air their views at the mosque on a Tuesday evening or at midday on Friday.
		While other ulama echoed the notion that female circumcision enhances sexual enjoyment women were shocked when I asked them why they thought the operation was necessary because they directly equated both female and male circumcision as a necessary devotional act for Allah and as a mark signifying that the person belongs to the Muslim community.
		The two ulama from the Persis organisation, Bapak Didi and Bapak Syamsudin, both see the husband and wife as a team where the wife has the potential to be brighter than her husband and can earn a living for her family.
	highbeam.com /library/docfree.asp?DOCID=1G1:63914692&... (12165 words)

	Print news - IPS Inter Press Service
		It is expected that many Nahdatul Ulama members, who are mostly villagers on the Indonesian main island of Java, may get confused with the presence of the three politicians from their group in the July electoral race.
		Each might win a sizeable chunk of the Nahdatul Ulama vote, but it is not clear whether Gus Dur, who is legally blind and had two strokes in the past, can pass the difficult health test imposed by the Indonesian Election Commission.
		In contrast, the village-based followers of the Nahdatul Ulama are more likely vote according to their leaders' instructions.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=23726 (1001 words)

	Pogroms in East Java 1965-66 - Indonesia Matters
		This Action Command was comprised of the parties and their Mass Organizations: the Nahdatul Ulama [NU], the Catholic Party, the PSH [Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia, Indonesian Islamic Union Party], Parkindo [Partai Keristen Indonesia, the Protestant Party], the IPKI [Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia, League of Upholders of Indonesian Independence, an army-affiliated party], and the PNI-Hardi.
		In some strongly anti-communist areas it appears social groups such as Nahdatul Ulama took the lead early on in the massacres and dissolution of the Communist Party, while in other areas the Army was the main agent.
		The Nahdatul Ulama is very strong in east Java and hence their leadership role is to be expected.
	www.indonesiamatters.com /24/pogroms-in-east-java-1965-66 (1771 words)

	Ulama Search and Find Here (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Ulama is a ball game played in a few communities of the state of Sinaloa, in Mexico, not far from Mazatlan.
		Ulama is a plural term, and the singular can be both c al?m (long i) and c ?lim (long a), where both can be translated with 'learned, knowing man'.
		We have ulama WWW.ULAMA.COM ulama WWW.ulama.COM that are StellA Stevens.
	www.4kwd198.info /Ulama.htm (463 words)

	Indonesia Islam
		Organized political party structures promoting Islam were disciplined to the requirements of Pancasila democracy in the PPP, and Islamic organizations, including the Muhammadiyah movement and Nahdatul Ulama, were subjected to government regulations flowing from the Mass Organizations Law.
		Muslim critics of the regime in the early 1990s claimed that the government policy toward Islam was "colonial" in that it was putting in place in modern Indonesia the advice of the Dutch scholar and adviser to the Netherlands Indies government, Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje.
		Through reward and cooptation, the government won the allegiance of a broad sector of the Muslim elite, the most general indicator of which was election results showing no increase in the appeal of Muslim political parties.
	www.country-studies.com /indonesia/islam.html (823 words)

	Indonesia - Elections
		The four Islamic parties shared 27.1 percent of the total, led by Nahdatul Ulama's 18.7 percent.
		The precipitous (40 percent) drop between 1982 and 1987 in the PPP's vote total can be attributed largely to the 1984 decision by Nahdatul Ulama, the PPP's largest component, to withdraw from organized competitive politics.
		Analysis of the election returns showed that many of the former Nahdatul Ulama votes for the PPP went to Golkar in a demonstration of both Nahdatul Ulama's ability to deliver its constituents and a guarantee of continued government favor to Nahdatul Ulama's institutions and programs.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/91.htm (1167 words)

	Article
		Nahdatul Ulama calls for end to sharia campaigns
		Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Indonesia's largest Muslim organization, urged Muslims, in particular radicals, to cease campaigns for Islamic sharia law, as well as violence in promoting religion.
		Last June, when Singapore was urging the Indons to get off the stick, Nadhlatul Ulama complained that 'Lee is either paranoid or wants to please the United States in its international campaign against terrorism.' It's also engaged in periodic and predictable anti-American rants.
	www.rantburg.com /poparticle.php?ID=8888&D=2002-12-30&HC=1 (425 words)

	Inside Indonesia 52 - Tolerant or opportunist? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		As the first in English to provide inside information about the history of the Nahdatul Ulama (NU), this book is a great help.
		The return meant that NU would strive for the improvement of education, charity (social justice), and economic matters, and that it would work to overcome the Muslim community's backwardness.
		The ulama were the 'ultimate units of authority and autonomy'.
	www.insideindonesia.org /edit52/nu.htm (435 words)

	Inside Indonesia - Digest 65 - Islamic politics
		As one famous ulama after another uttered his prayer in flowing Arabic, a kind of suppressed sobbing began to spread through the massive crowd.
		Although their leaders deny the two organisations will themselves becomes parties, activists within them are networking furiously to create one or more new parties ahead of elections next year.
		The more rural Nahdatul Ulama (NU), led by Abdurrahman Wahid, is called 'traditionalist' because it is closer to Javanese mysticism.
	www.serve.com /~inside/digest/dig65.htm (847 words)

	Ummah.com - Polygamist's chicken ruffles feathers
		Puspowardoyo, owner of the Indonesian restaurant chain Wong Solo, has four wives and is a vocal advocate for polygamy in the world's most populous Muslim nation.
		He is supplying delegates at the Nahdatul Ulama's annual congress, in the Central Java town of Surakarta, with his popular baked chicken.
		"All Nahdatul Ulama congress participants should reject the food provided by Wong Solo restaurant," said Sinta Nuriyah Wahid.
	www.ummah.net /forum/printthread.php?t=46719 (361 words)

	MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
		The remarks by Hazyim Muzadi will cheer proponents of Islamic moderation in world's most populous Muslim nation, where some clerics resist denouncing terrorism for fear of being seen as subservient to the United States.
		"Killing is only justified in war," said Muzadi, the head of the Nahdatul Ulama, in remarks carried by the state news agency Antara on Sunday.
		Nahdatul Ulama was established in the 1920s and claims some 40 million followers.
	www.tkb.org /NewsStory.jsp?storyID=93623 (283 words)

	The Muslim News
		Muslims are facing huge challenges of terrorism, lack of progress, and poverty, said President of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Tuesday.
		Speaking at the inaugural international conference of Islamic scholars organised by Nahdatul Ulama, he said Muslim community can "play a pivotal role" in "promoting peace" and "global culture of tolerance".
		This is the second international conference held by Nahdatul Ulama, the largest Muslim organisation in Indonesia with a membership of 40 million.
	www.muslimnews.co.uk /pda/news.php?article=11244 (157 words)

	IN: KMP - Soeharto: Muslims Should
		The Association of Moslem Boarding Schools of Nahdatul Ulama.
		taken by the ulama in the past had an important purpose.
		Ulama by President Soeharto, this meant that the "chilly" relations
	www.hamline.edu /apakabar/basisdata/1996/11/03/0039.html (985 words)

	Inside Indonesia - Digest 87 - Indonesia's accidental president
		His grandfather Hashim Asy'ari founded the large religious organisation Nahdatul Ulama (NU) in 1926.
		In the 1980s he began to emerge as an intellectual with fresh ideas on the role that religion could play in creating a pluralist, non-violent society.
		Elected chairman of Nahdatul Ulama in 1984, he immediately broke the subservient relationship it had had with government by declaring NU would become a cultural and no longer a political organisation.
	www.insideindonesia.org /digest/dig87.htm (959 words)

	Indonesia Pres. Candidates a Mix of Secular and Islamic
		Hasyim, who chairs Indonesia's largest Muslim organisation, is also an attractive catch.
		Moreover, Gus Dur himself is running for the presidency along with his vice presidential bet, Marwah Daud Ibrahim, a female politician who used to head the Golkar Party established by the U.S.-installed authoritarian president Suharto in the 1960s.
		Their biggest challenge will come from Wiranto, who is likely to be in a position to mobilise voters because he has the combined machinery of the Golkar Party, which won majority of seats in the April parliamentary election, and Solahudin's Nahdatul Ulama-affiliated Nation Awakening Party.
	www.etan.org /et2004/may/09-14/13ipres.htm (1013 words)

	Issues: Law & Liberty (r)
		The decline in Nahdatul Ulama's influence in the PPP,
		Ulama should withdraw from the political process and concentrate
		Ulama members were not obligated to support the PPP.
	www.hamline.edu /apakabar/basisdata/1994/07/01/0012.html (4998 words)

	Hindu Council UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Despite the inherent disadvantages of joining a national religious minority, a deep concern for the preservation of their traditional ancestor religions made Hinduism a more palatable option than Islam for several ethnic groups in the outer islands.
		By contrast, most Javanese were slow to consider Hinduism at the time, lacking a distinct organization along ethnic lines and fearing retribution from locally powerful Islamic organizations like the Nahdatul Ulama (NU).
		The youth wing of the NU had been active in the persecution not only of communists but of 'Javanist' or 'anti-Islamic' elements within Sukarno's Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI) during the early phase of the killings (Hefner 1987).
	www.hinducounciluk.org /special.htm (5862 words)

	Syncretism and the politics of the tingkeban in West Java. - The Australian Journal of Anthropology - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		For the rural Sundanese of West Java who identify with Nahdatul Ulama Islam, the tingkeban is considered a mandatory ritual to be conducted for a woman who is seven months pregnant.
		However, like other local practices around birth, the tingkeban has come under state and urban modemising influences that have attempted to displace some of its elements as 'culture' rather than 'religion' and to discredit many of these as superstitious and backward.
		Two religious organisations now operate in the shire--Nabdatul Ulama (NU) and Persatuan Islam (Persis)--and they broadly characterise the differences between traditionalist and modernist modes of Islam as delineated by Geertz (1976), Bowen (1993), Suwardiman (1994) and other scholars.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:80757461&refid=holomed_1&... (7880 words)

	Siaran Pers No. S.99/II/PIK-1/2006, 5 April 2006
		Departemen Kehutanan menjalin kerjasama dengan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dalam pelaksanaan Rehabilitasi Lahan dan Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan.
		Lokasi kegiatan meliputi lahan yang berada di dalam dan di luar kawasan hutan yang berada dalam lingkungan komunitas Nahdatul Ulama di 33 provinsi.
		Sedangkan sasaran kegiatan adalah terbangunnya kepeloporan, kemampuan dan peranserta komunitas Nahdatul Ulama dalam upaya rehabilitasi lahan dan konservasi sumberdaya hutan.
	www.dephut.go.id /INFORMASI/HUMAS/2006/99_06.htm (266 words)

	Inside Indonesia 52 - Breaking out!
		Traditionalist Islam in Indonesia is producing an interesting phenomenon.
		Young Nahdatul Ulama cadres emerging now are far more responsive towards new ideas and the challenges of modernity, including democratic reform, than their seniors.
		Contrary to conventional expectations, when kiai or ulama combine a mastery of the classical religious sciences with a certain level of 'modern' education they obtain considerable social insight and develop a positive attitude towards social change.
	www.serve.com /inside/edit52/djohan.htm (821 words)

	Islam Has To Go - Indonesia Matters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The former president of Indonesia, and former leader of the Nahdatul Ulama, Abdurrahman Wahid, colloquially known as Gus Dur, writes in an article of the Wall Street Journal.
		It is time for people of good will from every faith and nation to recognize that a terrible danger threatens humanity.
		The book is a mishmash, incoherent, obviously the result of editing and revision.
	www.indonesiamatters.com /34/islam-has-to-go (814 words)

	Joint Statement of Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama on Marrott Bombing
		Joint Statement of Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama on Marrott Bombing
		The following is an unofficial translation of a joint statement by Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama, the two largest muslim organizations in Indonesia.
		JOINT STATEMENT AND CONCERN BY In connection to the terrorist act of bombing at the JW Marriot Hotel in Jakarta on 5 July 2003, the Central Board of Muhammadiyah and the Central Board of Nahdhatul Ulama state the following:
	www.us-asean.org /Indonesia/JointStatement_NU_Muhamadiyah_Aug03.htm (257 words)

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