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Topic: Nahuatl dialects

	Nahuatl language, pronunciation and alphabet
		Classical Nahuatl was the language of the Aztec empire and was used as a lingua franca in much of Mesoamerica from the 7th century AD until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century.
		The modern dialects of Nahuatl spoken in the Valley of Mexico are closest to Classical Nahuatl.
		Nahuatl was originally written with a pictographic script which was not a full writing system but instead served as a mnemonic to remind readers of texts they had learnt orally.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/nahuatl.htm (324 words)

	Nahuatl
		Nahuatl generally does not have diphthongs, so when two vowels are written together, they belong to different syllables and are pronounced separately.
		Nahuatl is a polysynthetic language, i.e., many different kinds of affixes (prefixes and/or suffixes) can be added to roots to form very long words.
		It was necessary for speakers of Nahuatl to learn Spanish and to borrow Spanish words into their language, particularly for artifacts and concepts that did not exist in the Nahuatl culture.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/october/Nahuatl.html (879 words)

	Nahuatl resources -
		Nahuatl (pronounced in two syllables, NA-watl ['na.watЙ¬]) is a term applied to some members of the Aztecan or Nahuan sub-branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, indigenous to central Mexico.
		A range of Nahuatl lects are currently spoken in an area stretching from the northern Mexican state of Durango to Tabasco in the south.
		Nahuatl literature is extensive (probably the most extensive of all Amerindian languages), including a relatively large corpus of poetry (see also Nezahualcoyotl); the Nican Mopohua is an excellent early sample of transcribed Nahuatl.
	www.referensics.com /N/Nahuatl.php (1783 words)

	Nahuatl language Summary
		Nahuatl (also sometimes spelled with an accent, as in Spanish, Náhuatl, or with a w, Nawatl, and in any case pronounced in two syllables, NA-watl ['na.watɬ]) is a term applied to some members of the Aztecan or Nahuan sub-branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, indigenous to central Mexico.
		No modern dialects are identical with that of Classical Nahuatl, but those spoken in and around the Valley of Mexico are generally more-closely related to it than are peripheral ones.
		Nahuatl is related to the languages spoken by the Hopi, Comanche, Paiute or Ute, Pima, Shoshone, Tarahumara, Yaqui, Tepehuán, Huichol and other peoples of western North America, as they all belong to the Uto-Aztecan linguistic stock or language family consisting of 61 individual languages.
	www.bookrags.com /Nahuatl_language (3417 words)

	Nahuatl language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nahuatl is known outside of Mexico particularly because the Aztecs spoke Nahuatl: a variant now known as Classical Nahuatl.
		A minority of linguists consider the typology of Nahuatl to be oligosynthetic.
		Nahuatl literature is extensive (probably the most extensive of all Indigenous languages of the Americas), including a relatively large corpus of poetry (see also Nezahualcoyotl); the Huei tlamahuiçoltica is an example of literary Nahuatl from the seventeenth century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nahuatl_language (2922 words)

	Jordan: Selected Bibliography for Nahuatl
		Oddly, its many exercises and extracts of Nahuatl literature should make it a perfect pair, but in many cases the vocabulary at the back of the parent volume seems not to be up to the task of guiding us in the readings of the workbook.
		Both volumes write Nahuatl in a modern, normalized orthography that includes long vowels and glottal stops, so that the student is free to focus on the language and not odd spellings.
		Lockhart is one of the principal figures in the study of Nahuatl language and literature, and this book is the fruit of many years experience with the language and with teaching it.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~dkjordan/nahuatl/nahubiblio.html (1306 words)

	Flor y Canto: What do You Know about Nahuatl? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Nahuatl was the language of the Aztec empire, with many difference indigenous groups throughout central Mexico speaking versions of the language during the time of the Aztecs’ reign.
		Nahuatl is a sub-branch of the Uto-Aztecan language, which is native to Mexico.
		Words from Nahuatl are especially present in words referring to fruits, vegetables, foods, and animals.
	www.florcanto.com /2006/07/what_do_you_know_about_nahuatl_1.html (274 words)

	History of Mexico - Nahuatl Language
		However, the most widely spoken dialect is probably the Huasteca Este dialect, which is spoken primarily in the states of Hidalgo, Puebla and Veracruz by 410,000 persons living in 1,500 villages (1991 SIL).
		The Central Náhuatl dialect is spoken by about 40,000 people in the states of Tlaxcala and Puebla, while the state of Morelos has its own unique dialect of the language.
		One of the less used dialects in the State of México is the Coatepec dialect, spoken by a couple thousand people at the most.
	www.houstonculture.org /mexico/nahuatl.html (2154 words)

	Nahuatl
		Nahuatl (pronounced in two syllables, NA-watl ['na.watЕ‚]) is a term applied to some members of the Aztecan or Nahuan sub-branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family.
		Nahuatl is still the most widely spoken group of Native American languages in Mexico; however, most of the speakers of Nahuatl are bilingual, having a working knowledge of the Spanish language.
		Nahuatl is related to the languages spoken by the Hopi, Comanche, Paiute or Ute, Pima, Shoshone, Tarahumara, Yaqui, TepehuГЎn, Huichol and other peoples of western North America, as they all belong to the Uto-Aztecan linguistic stock or language family.
	www.governpub.com /Languages-N/Nahuatl.php (1899 words)

	Classical Nahuatl
		Classical Nahuatl (nahuatl clasico) was the Nahuatl language spoken by the Mexica (Aztecs) of Mexico-Tenochtitlan (the heart of modern Mexico City) in the days of the Aztec Empire.
		Classical Nahuatl was written before the arrival of the Europeans by a partially ideographic writing system, and some documents have been preserved which give us examples of that writing.
		The graphic depicting an eagle on a prickly-pear cactus (symbol of the city of Tenochtitlan) is from the Codex Borgia, courtesy of Tom Frederiksen.
	www.sil.org /mexico/nahuatl/clasico/00ai-NahuatlClasico-nci.htm (406 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Classical Nahuatl dialect was once the language of commerce in Mexico City; yet, since 1833, it has been labeled as an extinct dialect according to the SIL International (previously known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics) (qtd.
		The classical form of Nahuatl that is taught in academic institutions of today is outdated to varying degrees from modern Nahuatl dialects.
		Nahuatl prose and poetry is ornate in expression by use of metaphors and synonyms in abundance (Sullivan 1).
	www.nahuatl.info /NahuatlStudy_print.doc (2564 words)

	Native American Languages - Search View - MSN Encarta
		In Middle America (Mexico), the many varieties of Nahuatl (Aztec) are spoken by more than 1 million people, the various Mayan languages by about 2 million, and a number of other languages by several hundred thousand each.
		In North America they occur in Eastern Pomo and in Tuscarora (Iroquoian); in Middle America in Nahuatl, in the Oto-Manguean languages, and as final consonants in Quiché Maya and the Totonac languages; and in South America as final consonants in Toba and as nasals in Zamuco.
		Such languages occur in Kickapoo (Algic) in Mexico near Texas; several Oto-Manguean languages, Nahuatl dialects, and the Totonac languages in Middle America; and the Aguaruna (Jívaroan) and the Sirionó (Tupi) in South America (whistle speech is not restricted to Native American languages, several African languages also use it).
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761573518__1/Native_American_Languages.html (3303 words)

	Schafer, Word Order and Negation in Nahuatl
		Nahuatl, an Aztecan language of Mexico, appears to allow all possible orders of the basic meaningful elements, verb (V) subject (S) and object (O).
		Since Nahuatl is a subject and object pro-drop language, the most common and least marked sentences consist of VO or simply an inflected predicate.
		The data to be examined are from fieldwork on the North Puebla dialect, plus the published grammars collected in Langacker 1979 on the Tetelcingo, North Puebla, Huasteca and Michoacan dialects.
	www.tulane.edu /~ling/LSoRB/Abs/Schafer.html (965 words)

	Jordan: Brief Note on Nahuatl
		Nahuatl is a language spoken in south-central Mexico.
		The kind of Nahuatl respresented in early Colonial texts is referred to as "Classical," in contrast to Nahuatl as it has been spoken in more recent times.
		Although there are still speakers of Nahuatl, it is probably safe to say that all but the most elderly among them are bilingual in Spanish, and in general, later Nahuatl shows influence of Spanish as well as a continuing evolution of trends that were already going on in early Nahuatl.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~dkjordan/nahuatl/nahuatl.html (592 words)

	Canku Ota - March 20, 2004 - Nahuatl: a lasting influence
		Nahuatl, one of about 250 indigenous languages spoken in Mexico, is related to other tongues spoken by North American Indian groups such as the Comanche, Pima and Shoshone.
		Nahuatl words range from the recognizable, such as ahuacamolli (guacamole), chilli (chili) and ahuacatl (avocado) to the unfamiliar, like miztontli (little cat), conetl (baby) and huitzilin (hummingbird).
		The fact that Nahuatl words such as tomatl, (tomato) chocoatl, (chocolate) and coyotl (coyote) found their way into everyday words in Mexican Spanish and English attest to its ongoing significance.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues04/Co03202004/CO_03202004_Nahuatl.htm (397 words)

	María Anzures \| Ashoka.org
		She has established a center for the study of the Nahuatl language and culture, the largest and most diffuse of the indigenous cultures.
		Ignored, however, by centuries of European-dominated intellectual and political leadership, Nahuatl struggles to remain relevant to Mexican culture and a source of identity to the long-discriminated-against Indians.
		Maria is encouraging Nahuatl's resurgence by supporting scholarship and dissemination by the Nahuatls themselves.
	www.ashoka.org /node/3096 (861 words)

	modern nahuatl translations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Nahuatl is spoken on a daily basis in: Mexico.
		Nahuatl, moreover, is the only Amerindian language in which there are surviving translations of early-modern Spanish...
		It is based on the modern Nahuatl currently spoken in the northern part of the state of Puebla...
	www.nahuatllanguage.info /unicode/modern-nahuatl-translations.html (666 words)

	Nahuatl Translation - Translate Nahuatl Language Translator
		Nahuatl is a language spoken by many of the native people, including the Aztecs, in what is now Mexico.
		Nahuatl belongs to the Uto-Aztecan language family, which also includes the languages spoken by the Comanche, Pima, Shoshone, Toltecs and other tribes of western North America.
		Nahuatl has been described as a language that is pure etymology.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/nahuatl.shtml (786 words)

	AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES,
		In Middle America, Nahuatl (Aztec) is spoken by more than 1 million people, the various Mayan languages by about 2 million, and a number of other languages by several hundred thousand each.
		In North America they occur in eastern Pomo dialects and in Tuscarora (Iroquoian); in Middle America in Nahuatl, in the Otomanguean languages, and as final consonants in Quiché Maya and Totonac; and in South America as final consonants in Toba and as nasals in Zamuco.
		Such languages occur in Kickapoo (Algonquian-Ritwan) in Mexico near Texas; several Otomanguean languages, Nahuatl dialects, and the Totonacan languages in Middle America; and the Aguaruna (Jívaroan) and the Sirionó (Tupian) in South America.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=200877 (4029 words)

	Traditions of Mexico - Indigenous Languages
		Many dialects of Náhuatl are spoken throughout Mexico and all are believed to be derived from a common source, perhaps thousands of years into the past.
		A listing of Náhuatl dialects and their locations within the Mexican Republic can be accessed at: http://nahuatl.info/nahuatl.htm.
		The dialects spoken by similar peoples - once they have been isolated from one another for a period of time - undergo a cultural diffusion until, eventually, the resulting groups reach a point where they speak mutually unintelligible languages.
	www.houstonculture.org /mexico/aztec.html (2341 words)

	Learning Nahuatl
		Many divergent dialects have evolved as a result of the relative isolation of towns and regions where the language has been conserved.
		There are plenty of Nahuatl dictionaries, but unfortunately the majority of these were written several centuries ago by Catholic missionaries for purposes of evangelization, and therefore are not the most useful in order to understand the modern state of the language.
		Cuentos en nahuatl de Guerrero is a series of short folk stories in Nahuatl and Spanish available through the Summer Institute of Linguistics.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~rjsalvad/scmfaq/nahuatl.html (2033 words)

	Dialects of English
		Dialects also varies slightly from east to west: In Natal (in western South Africa), /ai/ is pronounced /a:/, so that why is pronounced /wa:/.
		The dialects of central Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and the Dakotas were strongly influenced by the Germans, while the city dialects of the north were influenced by the Irish.
		It is literally a blend of all the dialects, although it is most influenced by the northern midland dialect.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/dialectsofenglish.html (3577 words)

	Making Dictionaries: CONTRIBUTORS
		Among her published works are articles on field methods, linguistic data, aspects of various Nahuatl dialects, and a volume entitled Five Studies Inspired by Nahuatl verbs in -oa.
		Her current research is on the Nahuatl dialect area called the "Western Periphery" in central and western Mexico.
		He taught at NEH Summer Institutes on Nahuatl at the University of Texas-Austin in the summers of 1989 and 1992, in addition to a summer course at the University of Chicago in 1996.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9489/9489.contrib.html (2540 words)

	au_l
		Nahuatl Studies in Memory of Fernando Horcasitas, Texas Linguistic Forum 18.1.
		The Xochiltepec-Huatlatlauca sub-area of the center dialect of Nahuatl.
		Toward assessing the phoneticity of older Nahuatl texts: Analysis of a document from the Valley of Toluca, 18th Century.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~copelan/uabibliography/au_l.htm (1073 words)

	Nahuatl Translation Service - English to Nahuatl Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		You probably don't speak Nahuatl yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		To ensure our translators keep abreast of the language our Nahuatl translators live in-county and translate into their mother tongue.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent Nahuatl perform our Nahuatl to English translation.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/nahuatl_translation.shtml (428 words)

	Nahuatl Dictionary of Plant and Food Terms
		Nahuatl was the language of the Aztec empire, with many different indigenous
		Today, Nahuatl is still a living language, with over 1.5 million people throughout
		Words from Nahuatl are especially present in words referring to fruits,
	www.aztecgardens.com /nahuatl.html (276 words)

	Pronunciation of Quetzalcoatl - Breaking Open The Head
		IF one cannot pronounce it that way, with the voiceless l, it is preferable to anglicize it by dropping the voiceless l altogether (as many dialects of Nahuatl do) than to anglicize it by pronouncing the l voiced as a separate syllable, eg., "ket-sal-ko-wattle" (or worse, "kwet-sal-ko-wattle") as I have often heard it mispronounced.
		And Nahuatl words are stressed on the penultimate syllable, so the stress is on the syllable co.
		Some dialects of contemporary Nahuatl do drop the final voiceless l, and some others drop the -tl ending altogether (which is the nominative noun case ending).
	www.breakingopenthehead.com /forum/showthread.php?t=2527 (2382 words)

	Nahuatl Tlahtolkalli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Nahuatl, one who studies Nahuatl will attain the circular worldview of our ancestors and in this way, learning Nahuatl enables our abilities to identify and to deconstruct Eurocentrism, which has been spoon-fed to us for more than 500 years.
		The agenda for the Nahuatl Tlahtolkalli Discussion Forum is to serve as an alternative medium for students in achieving Nahuatl discourse by use of the English language and by means of the Spanish language when Spanish speakers are present.
		Some of the Nahuatl lesson materials that are available here at the nahuatl.info website were translated from Spanish/Nahuatl into English/Nahuatl by Itztli Ehecatl with English/Nahuatl editing by Citlalin Xochime; the title of the grammar book on which some lessons are based is: Manual Practico y Simplificado de Introduccion al Estudio del Idioma Nahuatl.
	nahuatl.info /nahuatl.htm (3885 words)

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