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	Shaka - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Nandi, who would be Senzangakhona’s third wife, conceived Shaka while still betrothed and, according to tradition, attributed her growing belly to a shaka, or intestinal beetle.
		Shaka was one of many ambitious chiefs who tried to take advantage of the mounting confusion, and thereby added to it.
		Shaka recognized that the Cape Colony was the other major power of the region, and saw that the British could prove either useful allies or dangerous enemies.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761552533__1/Shaka.html (1350 words)

	Shaka
		Shaka was probably the first son of the chieftain Senzangakhona and Nandi, a daughter of a past chief of the Langeni tribe, born near present-day Melmoth, KwaZulu-Natal Province.
		Shaka is often said to have been dissatisfied with the long throwing Assegai, and credited with introducing a new weapon-the Iklwa, a short stabbing spear, with a long, swordlike spearhead.
		Shaka is also supposed to have introduced a larger, heavier shield made of cowhide and to have taught each warrior how to use the shield's left side to hook the enemy's shield to the right, exposing his ribs for a fatal spear stab.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/sh/Shaka.htm (2405 words)

	Nandi (mother of Shaka)
		1760-1827) was a daughter of a past chief of the Langeni tribe and the mother of the legendary Shaka, King of the Zulus.
		Shaka's father was Senzangakona, chieftain of the Zulu clan, which was small and insignificant at the time.
		When Nandi died of dysentery on October 10, 1827, Shaka put on his war regalia and proceeded to scream his anguish.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/n/na/nandi__mother_of_shaka_.html (251 words)

	Shaka Summary
		Shaka was the son of the Zulu chieftain Senzangakona, but doubt surrounds his legitimacy, and it seems that his mother, Nandi, was soon expelled with her child from Senzangakona's household.
		Shaka is often said to have been dissatisfied with the long throwing assegai, and credited with introducing a new variant of the weapon—the Iklwa, a short stabbing spear, with a long, swordlike spearhead.
		Upon the death of his mother Nandi, he decreed a period of mourning and directed that no crops were to be planted, milk (a staple of the Zulu diet) was not to be used, and all pregnant women together with their husbands were to be killed.
	www.bookrags.com /Shaka (5818 words)

	Impi -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Shaka insisted that troops wear no shoes—they could run faster and were not disabled by the loss of their sandals.
		Their weapons were short stabbing spears (Iklwa), (A club that is used as a weapon) cudgels ((A short wooden club with a heavy knob on one end; used by aborigines in southern Africa) knobkerrie) and leather (A protective covering or structure) shields.
		It could theoretically be used both in melee and as a thrown weapon, but warriors were forbidden from throwing it, which would disarm them and give their opponents something to throw back (anyone who did not have his spear after a battle would be killed).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/I/Im/Impi.htm (597 words)

	Shaka, King of the Zulus
		Shaka's mother was a child of a deceased chieftain of the eLangeni clan and her name was Nandi.
		Shaka’s Zulu warriors or amabutho were truly legendary, and stories of the grueling and often cruel training are innumerable.
		Shaka had soon discovered that the crude sandals traditionally worn by Zulu men hampered his speed and agility, and as a result the army marched, ran, and fought bare foot - on sharp stones, through thorn bush, in deep sand, rivers and every type of terrain possible.
	www.encounter.co.za /article/119.html (931 words)

	Shaka The Great
		Shaka made many radical changes in military tactics; he did away with the wearing of shoes, as they prevented the soldiers from moving easily and quickly during battle.
		The method Shaka devised was: Hook the left edge of the enemy's shield with his shield, and spun him around with a powerful backhand sweep.
		Shaka's left side would still be protected by his own shield, but the opponent would be off balance, leaving him open for a stab with the assagai.
	www.africawithin.com /studies/chaka.htm (943 words)

	Shaka
		Shaka was probably the first son of the chieftain Senzangakhona and Nandi, a daughter of a past chief of the Langeni tribe, born near present-day Melmoth, KwaZulu-Natal Province.
		Shaka is often said to have been dissatisfied with the long throwing assegai, and credited with introducing a new weaponâ”the Iklwa, a short stabbing spear, with a long, swordlike spearhead.
		Shaka is also supposed to have introduced a larger, heavier shield made of cowhide and to have taught each warrior how to use the shield's left side to hook the enemy's shield to the right, exposing his ribs for a fatal spear stab.
	language.school-explorer.com /info/Shaka (2403 words)

	Encyclopedia: Zulu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Shaka Zulu was the illegitimate son of Senzangakona, chief of the Zulus.
		He and his mother, Nandi, were exiled by Senzangakona, and found refuge with the Mthethwa.
		Shaka fought as a warrior under Dingiswayo, chief of the Mthethwa.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Zulu (2697 words)

	9 Zulu and Shaka
		Shaka was implacable; he would force his men to run through thorns and anyone who showed any hesitation or even reactions to pain would be killed for being a weakling and a coward.
		Shaka especially was arbitrary and unpredictable; however, an army trained to a peak of violence may need a heavy hand to keep it from running amok.
		Shaka was frequently accepted as the norm; Shaka was almost a complete despot ruling in arbitrary fashion; executions were frequent and often capricious; he ruled through fear and terror.
	husky1.stmarys.ca /~wmills/course316/9Zulu_Shaka.html (11559 words)

	Shaka Zulu
		Shaka would come to be a soldier for chief Dingiswayo of the Mthethwa (to which the Zulu paid tribute).
		Shaka made alliances with smaller tribes to counter the threat of the Ndwande clan raiding from the north.
		Shaka seems increasingly to lose touch with reality and practically orders his clan to death by starvation in reverence to his mother.
	www.vernonjohns.org /snuffy1186/shaka.html (987 words)

	Shaka
		Shaka was the son of Senzangakona, a Zulu chief, and Nandi, daughter of a chief of the nearby Langeni.
		Shaka expanded the kingdom and the army, with 50,000 well-trained warriors, was the core of the state.
		I-Shaka: An intestinal beetle held to be a common cause of the suppression of the menses.
	www.blackhistorypages.net /pages/shaka.php (937 words)

	Shaka - MSN Encarta
		Shaka (1787?-1828), warrior, military leader, and king of the Zulu people of southern Africa.
		Shaka was born in the Zululand region of present-day southeastern South Africa.
		This period of turmoil and subsequent migrations, lasting through the 1820s, is often referred to as the mfecane, meaning “the crushing” in Nguni languages.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552533/Shaka.html (731 words)

	ipedia.com: Shaka Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was the first and illegitimate son of the chieftain Senzangakona and Nandi, a daughter of a past chief of the Langeni tribe.
		Half a century after Shaka's death, the Zulu nation still employed his buffalo formation to defeat their enemies and repel invaders, reinforcing Shaka's reputation as one of modern Africa's most influential military leaders.
		Although Shaka made preliminary contacts with Europeans from the British Empire, he was killed by his half-brother and successor Dingane with help from another half-brother Mahlangane before he could test his strategic brilliance against an army equipped with flintlock muskets.
	www.ipedia.com /shaka.html (1425 words)

	King Tshaka ka Senzangakona Zulu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Shaka was a son of Senzangakhona, ruler of an insignificant small chiefdom, the Zulu.
		Shaka's wars between 1818 and 1828 contributed to a series of forced migrations known in various parts of southern Africa as the Mfecane, Difaqane, Lifaqane, or Fetcani.
		The climax came with the death of his mother Nandi in October 1827, huge numbers were put to death during the mourning ceremonies because they showed insufficient grief; and his armies were sent out to force the surrounding chiefdoms to grieve.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/people/zulu-shaka.htm (2426 words)

	Who is Shaka Zulu?
		Shaka, king of the Zulus and his warriors, called "impis" were invincible.
		Shaka Zulu won the battles and was king of all the territories in Natal and Southeast Africa in 1820.
		Shaka was demented with grief and ordered a few thousand people executed in memory of his mother.
	msms.essortment.com /whoisshakazul_rrgj.htm (681 words)

	Zulu Culture and Traditions - Zulu History - Stay in South Africa for 2010 Accommodation
		Shaka determined to gain hegemony over the local clans and the ritual skirmishing that had been the traditional manner of settling disputes was to change.
		Shaka developed the short, large bladed stabbing spear and a means of employing it lethally and he also developed the 'chest and horns' tactic of surrounding enemy forces and annihilating them.
		Shaka ordered some people to be put to death as a mark of respect for his mother, but as the killings commenced, such was the fear of this man that mourner set upon mourner to prove his or her devotion to Nandi and before long, seven thousand mourners were dead.
	www.warthog.co.za /dedt/tourism/culture/history/shaka.htm (761 words)

	King Shaka Zulu
		Yet among African groups, too, Shaka was the subject of fervent mythologising, cast either in the mould of a heroic warrior of almost classical proportions, or as a ruthless tyrant and oppressor.
		Shaka has come down to us as a glowering stereotype, frozen in time on the misty hill-sides of a long-vanished Zululand, clutching his fabled stabbing spear and great hide war-shield, the very embodiment of every European concept of the ultimate African warrior-king.
		Shaka's mother, Nandi, was betrothed to his father at the time she fell pregnant, but not yet married.
	home.intekom.com /ecotravel/cultural-historical/king-shaka-zulu.htm (1560 words)

	Shaka Zulu
		But an out of wedlock pregnancy--Nandi was said to be suffering from 'iShaka'(1)-- and a failed marriage forced Nandi to return to her tribe, but she was less welcomed there then with the Zulus.
		Meanwhile, Shaka was made the leader of the Mtetwa army and here he refined his battle tactics, tools and the army.
		During this visit, Shaka was stabbed by enemy clans and was treated by the Europeans.
	www.angelfire.com /il/sawubona/SHAKA.html (865 words)

	The Untold Struggle - Shaka Zulu
		Shaka Zulu's journey from his mother's (Nandi) unwed pregnancy, by young Zulu Chief Senzangakhona...
		Shaka's famous broad-blade stabbing-spear, the "iKlwa", as legendary as King Arthur's Excalibur, is romanticized to have either been magically forged for or to have been conceived by Shaka.
		The greatest African leader in history, Shaka's strength of convictions, doctrine of discipline, powerful life force, and belief in a united South Africa has been imprinted on the annals of time and the legend of what was one of the world's most dominant empires.
	www.theuntoldstruggle.com /Shaka.html (682 words)

	shaka
		When Shaka was six years old he allowed a dog to kill one of Senzangakona’s sheep and from that day forth, Shaka and Nandi were cast out by the Zulu clan.
		Shaka hated living with his mother’s family, they were treated as outcasts and he continuously suffered the cruel, taunting of the other children who referred to him as "the fatherless one." The family were forced to move around from clan to clan until they found a degree of acceptance by the Mtetwa tribe.
		Shaka set to building a mighty new kraal, it was called Bulawayo, "the place of killing." Nandi was brought to live there in a sumptuous royal kraal of her own.
	www.johnnyclegg.com /shaka.htm (726 words)

	"Shaka Zulu" (1986) (mini) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When Nandi and her unborn child are saved by the ancient witch doctor, he proclaims: "A force has been generated that in time will rock the foundation of the African sub-continent."
		Indeed the prophecy shaped the event and Shaka was the ruthless founder of southern Africa's Zulu Empire...
		Shaka (Henry Cele) is a man of considerable height, thin, with athletic body and white teeth who can read and write...
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0086798 (790 words)

	Shaka Zulu
		Shaka Zulu was a fierce warrior, brilliant military strategist, Leader expecting complete fearlessness from his warriors, and a murderous ruler.
		The constant wars Shaka engaged in and the arbitrary executions eventually led to his downfall, when he was stabbed to death by a half-brother.
		Shaka took advantage of the resulting confusion called Mfecane, or “time of troubles.” Absorbing the Mthethwa into his Zulu army, Shaka defeated the Ndwandwe and successfully absorbed his enemies into his army or slaughtered them.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b1zulushaka.htm (734 words)

	Shaka - meaning of word (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		==Early years== Shaka was probably the first son of the chieftain Senzangakona and Nandi (mother of Shaka), a daughter of a past chief of the Langeni tribe, born near present-day Melmoth, KwaZulu-Natal Province.
		Shaka is often said to have been dissatisfied with the long throwing assegai, and credited with introducing a new weapon - the Iklwa, a short stabbing spear, with a long, swordlike spearhead.
		Shaka still recognised Dingiswayo and his larger Mthethwa clan as overlord after he returned to the Zulu, but some years later Dingiswayo was ambushed by Ndwandwe and killed.
	wordsonline.org /Shaka (2729 words)

	Shaka - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		His father, Senzangakhona, was the Zulu chief, and his mother Nandi, was a daughter of Mbhengi, the chief of the Langeni people.
		Shaka fought alongside the Mthethwa and Dingiswayo soon recognized his extraordinary military skills.
		John Laband, M.A., Ph.D. Director of the Heritage Studies Programme and Professor of Human and Social Studies, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761552533___2/Shaka.html (323 words)

	essays research papers -- Shaka Zulu
		Shaka was born the son of Senzakhona, the Zulu chief, and the Langeni princess Nandi.
		Senzakhona had unintentionally impregnated Nandi, but was obligated to take her as his third wife her in spite of the fact that she was from the lowly regarded Langeni clan.
		Shaka lived with the Langeni until about the age of fifteen, when he met his father for the first time since his banishment and they quarreled, causing Nandi to send Shaka to live with her aunt for fear for his safety.
	www.123helpme.com /preview.asp?id=85512 (1684 words)

	The Nandi Tribe
		After he was killed, the Nandi people were so divided afterwards and until today, the Nandi people still remember that their spiritual leader played an important role in the unity of his people.
		As you can see, they theorize that the Nandi migrated from the north to settle along the border of Kenya and Uganda in 1800 A.D. However, I assure you that both the Watusi and the Nandi were only retracing migrations and expeditions conducted by their Biblical ancestors more that 7,000 years earlier.
		With that in mind, we might also conclude that Nandi, the name associated with the mother of Shaka Zulu, might very well have been the name of the tribe she originated from.
	www.newjerusalemnetwork.net /emmanuel/nandi.html (1300 words)

	African Off Road Tours - Zulu History dirt bike tours africa off road
		He was the result of a chance meeting between the youthful chief of a Zulu clan, Senzangakhona and a pretty young girl called Nandi from the neighboring Langeni clan.
		Shaka became chief of the Zulu's in 1816 when he was just 30.
		Dunn was born in Port Alfred in 1833, the son of a Scottish immigrant to South Africa..
	www.africanoffroadtours.com /zulu.htm (883 words)

	Nguni Imports Presents: Virtual Africa
		Shaka's mother, Nandi had reason to conceal her condition.
		Shaka began defeating lesser clans around him, strengthening his control until 1817.
		Shaka's power had been so complete that there were none left in the area to challenge Zulu dominance.
	www.nguni.com /culture/virtualafrica/sageneral/meanwhileb.html (1279 words)

	Welcome to Nandi Proteins
		Nandi Proteins Limited is a sales, marketing, IP and licensing company spun out of Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh in 2001.
		Nandi has product development facilities at Heriot Watt University where resources are focused on supporting customers to develop and commercialise food applications.
		Nandi was the mother of Shaka, the Zulu King, famed as a warrior and for his famous victories, and immortalised in the film Zulu.
	www.nandiproteins.com /about.htm (278 words)

	Remembering Shaka
		The viewer is shown how a strong woman was exiled from her tribe by her husband (who was king), and was forced to raise her three children in the desert by herself.
		Shaka was the eldest, and grew up bitter, hardened and vengeful from seeing his mother and grandmother belittled.
		To my family, Shaka was on par with other historical figures that rose from nothing to power and Kunta Kinte was an enslaved warrior who would not be tamed.
	www.halloftheblackdragon.com /articles/shaka.htm (1120 words)

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