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Topic: Nanjing Massacre

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	Nanjing Massacre
		We were fortunate enough to see the Nanjing Massacre Memorial.
		In December of 1936 Japan invaded Nanjing, the capital during many dynasties, with the predetermined goal of eliminating everyone in the city.
		Nanjing lay on the bank of the Yangtze River and like many Chinese cities at the time was protected by a city wall.
	homepage.mac.com /awalter/Personal85.html (228 words)

	AAS Abstracts: Interarea, Library, & Teaching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is now time to pose the question, not so much what we have learned about the Nanjing Massacre itself, but what it illuminates about the history and memory of the Asian war which remain so alive today.
		Challenges by revisionist historians to the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, at which the Nanjing Massacre was written into the verdict, surfaced soon after the end of the American occupation.
		Failing to convince the public that the Nanjing Massacre was simply an "illusion," they have shifted their attacks to the numbers of those actually "massacred." What they would like to achieve, ultimately, is to remove a major blemish in Japan's recent past.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1997abst/inter/i19.htm (1293 words)

	Nanjing Massacre - (Lakeview Article) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Nanjing Massacre is only one of many major war crimes committed by the Imperialist Japanese from the annexation of Manchuria in 1931to the end of World War II in 1945.
		In China the figure of300,000, the death toll reckoned at the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal, is the official estimate engraved on the stone wall at theentrance of the "Memorial Hall for Compatriot Victims of the Japanese Military's Nanjing Massacre".
		However, it is generally accepted that Nanjing Massacre occurred from early December1937 to late March 1938, when the Japanese army declared that public order had been restored.
	www.lakecountynews.com /articles/index.cfm?artOID=291787&cp=308625 (2966 words)

	Gendercide Watch: The Nanjing Massacre
		The Nanjing Massacre, also known as "The Rape of Nanking," is a rare example of simultaneous gendercides against women and men.
		Numerous atrocities were committed en route to Nanjing, but they could not compare with the epic carnage and destruction the Japanese unleashed on the defenseless city after Chinese forces abandoned it to the enemy.
		Eventually the genocidal rampage was replaced by a brutal occupation conducted under a puppet authority, the "Nanking Self-Government Committee." Life began to return to the city, and its population eventually re-stabilized at around 700,000, two-thirds of the prewar population.
	www.gendercide.org /case_nanking.html (2334 words)

	phorum - Our World Forum at Asiawind - How to address the issue of Nanjing massacre
		Nanjing massacre is a shameful page of history that the imperial japanese army did to innocent Chinese people.
		The museum of Nanjing massacre is now open to visitors, among them many are Japanese young people who have nothing to do with the massacre itself.
		No matter how emotional you are about the Nanjing massacre, your choice of words must not hurt the innocent Japanese people today, many of whom in fact stand on the side of Chinese in accusing the wrongdoings of the Japanese government during the 1930s and 40s.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=3&i=109930&t=109930 (349 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The contest is symbolic of the perversion and loss of military discipline during the Japanese capture and occupation of the city that has come to be known variously as the Nanjing Massacre, the Rape of Nanjing, or simply the Nanjing Incident.
		On April 10, 2003 the Tokyo Supreme Court issued a verdict in favor of Nanjing Massacre survivor Li Xiuying in her defamation suit against claims that she was a fraud.
		Based on a visit to the presiding judge of the Nanjing military tribunal, and on their prison writings and defense memoranda, Suzuki argued that the two officers had been unjustly executed on the basis of false reports.
	japanfocus.org /141.html (1899 words)

	Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Remembering the Nanjing massacre: 'In the Name of the Emperor' - 1995 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The intent is to refute Japanese denials and distortions which mask the horror and scale of the Nanjing Massacre during the winter of 1937-38.
		It is crucial that the Massacre be set in a historical context of the Sino-Japanese War, not to excuse the Japanese, but simply to explain what happened, why, and on what scale.
		It may be true that today the Nanjing Massacre is not as well known in the West as it should be or used to be.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2584/is_n3_v15/ai_17426224 (1530 words)

	The Nanjing Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In December 13, 1937, the Chinese capital Nanjing was overrun by the Japanese imperial armies.
		In its revision of Japan's invasion of China, the word "invasion" was replaced by "entering and leaving." The Nanjing Massacre was described as a "minor incident" and rape was explained as an act that "always happened in wars," and, thus, should not be mentioned in textbooks.
		The case of the Nanjing Massacre is just small part of Japanese history "revisionism." The Japanese nationalists have been trying to persuade the world that Japan was not an aggressor but a victim of the war.
	www.iearn.org /hgp/aeti/1995-nanjing-massacre.html (399 words)

	Nanjing Massacre
		After the Japanese had occupied Nanjing, there were hundreds and thousands of refugees, disarmed soldiers, and policemen who were tied up and marched off, one group after the other, to be brutally murdered on this sandbank.
		By that time, the Japanese had occupied Nanjing for quite some time and her family had returned to the village and was living in a make-shift grass hut.
		A resident of Nanjing seized by the Japanese during the occupation of the city was forced to become a cook for the Japanese army.
	www.cs.engr.uky.edu /~cheng/NJ-massacre1.html (10217 words)

	Review of The Nanjing Massacre: A Japanese Journalist Confronts Japan's National Shame
		More to the point, the several accounts drawn from the confessions were unrelated to one another and indeed were heavily laced with then current Chinese Communist propaganda themes, making it possible for apologists to claim the former soldiers merely mouthed the script their captors prepared for them.
		Honda's lasting contribution to the historiography of the Nanjing massacre derives from his path breaking interviews with Chinese victims of the Japanese army's brutality.
		The debate over the Nanjing Incident in Japan may not have been resolved in a politically correct manner, but as Honda's work shows it has been and continues to be an emotional issue that prompts outrage, reflection, and perhaps someday closure.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/reviewswc5.htm (1134 words)

	News & Views - Film of Nanjing Massacre to Be Donated by American(08/09/2000) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The camera and film footage used by a US clergyman to record the atrocities of Japanese soldiers in Nanjing in 1937 will be donated by his son to the Memorial Hall of Nanjing Massacre Victims.
		The film, which runs for almost two hours, provides undisputed evidence of the Nanjing Massacre, in which more than 300,000 Chinese were brutally killed by Japanese soldiers.
		The massacre shocked the world, but there are some Japanese who have attempted to deny that the massacre never happened.
	www.chinahouston.org /news/2000808180859.html (194 words)

	Nanjing Massacre \| Rape of Nanjing \| World War II \| Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Nanjing Massacre: A Japanese Journalist Confronts Japan's National Shame
		As foreign minister during the Nanjing Massacre of 1937, he was judged to have been "derelict in...committed by the troops under their command.
		Japan in the World (Discussion of the Nanjing massacre begins on p.
	www.questia.com /library/history/asian-history/china/nanjing-massacre.jsp (714 words)

	Air Raid Sirens to Mark Nanjing Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		BEIJING -- Air raid sirens will screech across Nanjing City on Saturday to mark the 60th anniversary of a massacre in the Chinese city by invading Japanese forces, a government official said on Wednesday.
		Japanese troops captured Nanjing, then China's capital, on Dec.13, 1937, killing an estimated 300,000 civilians and unarmed soldiers, according to official Chinese accounts.
		Authorities in Nanjing, in eastern Jiangsu province, also plan to air television documentaries around the anniversary to remind people of the killings by the Japanese Imperial army during World War II, he said.
	www.pacificnet.net /jue/chinanews/archives/docs/971211.html (353 words)

	UNL News Release: Scholar of 1937 Nanjing Massacre to deliver talk March 23 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Nanjing Massacre occurred in China in December 1937, when the city fell to the Japanese Imperial Army.
		According to the records of welfare organizations which buried the dead bodies after the massacre, as many as 300,000 people were killed by the Japanese.
		His first book-length publication was "Nanjing Massacre: The American and British Eyewitness Accounts." It is a collection of original eyewitness English sources that he edited, translated into Chinese and published in 1999 in Beijing.
	ucommxsrv1.unl.edu /unlnews2004/public/FMPro?-db=unlnews.fp5&-format=2004release.shtml&-lay=unlnews&-recid=33200&-find= (338 words)

	The Massacre of Nanjing: a Japanese view
		Though the authors in both cases appear to be westerners, the fact that the articles appeared in a Japanese publication suggests that the Rape (or massacre, as Mr.
		At a symposium held here in January that denied the massacre occurred, Osamichi Higashinakano, a professor at Asia University who has written several books on the issue, presented video testimony by former Imperial Japanese military officers who were in Nanjing at the time and said they saw no evidence of large-scale murder.
		Many of the Japanese killings were just as deliberate as Nazi killings in Europe: the massacres of entire Chinese villages in Malaya, the 40,000 people coldbloodedly selected for execution in Singapore and the untold thousands of leftwing Chinese rounded up for torture and execution or dispatch to the germ-chambers of Unit 731 in Manchuria.
	www.warbirdforum.com /massacre.htm (2093 words)

	Japanese War Crimes -- Nanjing Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		And they also claim Nanjing massacre was a lie that the US used to find excuses for dropping the A-Bombs on them.
		Almost all of the murderers in Nanjing have not been brought to justice.
		From first deleting all mention of the Nanjing Massacre from their history books to completely denying the Massacre, the Japanese are now even portraying themselves as the saviors of the Asian nations.
	www.cs.umbc.edu /~kunliu1/Nanjing_Massacre.html (226 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Issues: Warfare and Conflict: War Crimes: Japan: Sino-Japanese War: Nanking Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nanjing Massacre - An archive of books, personal accounts, and news about the Rape of Nanking.
		Nanjing Massacre - A Japanese point of view is presented, then dismissed.
		Nanking Massacre: The Forgotten Holocaust - An account of the atrocities of the Nanking Massacre, the Tokyo Trials, and Japanese denials.
	dmoz.org /Society/Issues/Warfare_and_Conflict/War_Crimes/Japan/Sino-Japanese_War/Nanking_Massacre (327 words)

	The Nanjing Massacre: HistoryWiz
		The massacre began with prisoners or suspected soldiers, then extended to those unambiguously civilian, including women, children, and old men.
		The local war crimes trials held in Nanjing immediately after the war estimated that 190,000 were killed.
		The extent of the massacre is still disputed.
	www.historywiz.com /nanjing.htm (300 words)

	Nanjing Massacre survivor sues writers - (United Press International) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nanjing, China, Sep. 20 (UPI) -- A Chinese survivor of the 1937 Nanjing Massacre has filed a defamation lawsuit in a Chinese court against two right-wing Japanese writers.
		A preliminary hearing was held Wednesday in the first case brought by a Chinese victim of the massacre against Japanese nationals in a Chinese court, Xinhua reported Monday.
		To defend her integrity, Xia filed her case against the writers and their publisher with the Nanjing Intermediate People's Court in November 2000, Xinhua reported.
	washingtontimes.com /upi-breaking/20040920-014758-4492r.htm (221 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The Nanjing Massacre: A Japanese Journalist Confronts Japan's National Shame (Studies of the Pacific ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Honda that after he published an account of the Nanjing Massacre in 1971, he was subsequently "targeted by Japan's extreme right-wing forces and received a number of threats which prompted me to move out of my home and keep my address and telephone number a secret, a policy that I have continued TO THIS DAY.
		Those who deny the Nanjing butchery are so blinded by their hate of communism that any truth exposed by anyone who even minutely appears to support China's view is instantly shrugged off as a lie(s).
		He openly states that he is never responsible to what "happened" in China during the war like this so-called Nanjing Massacre which he eagerly propagates because he is a "citizen of the world", not a "evil" Japanese.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0765603357?v=glance (2588 words)

	Asian Political News: Chinese scholars seek high-profile Nanjing Massacre anniversary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A group of Chinese scholars and political activists has sent letters to government authorities asking that the national anthem be sung and that flags be flown at half mast next Monday to mark the anniversary of the 1937 Nanjing Massacre.
		At least 50,000 people should visit the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall to sing the national anthem, they said, and flags should fly at half mast throughout Jiangsu Province.
		The group's aim is to give the massacre status in the public view equal to that of the U.S. military's dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima in 1945, killing about 237,000 people.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0WDQ/is_2004_Dec_13/ai_n8581363 (381 words)

	Nanjing Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1962, they compiled a historical record "the Nanjing Massacre of Imperial Japan".
		The war criminals that led the Nanjing Massacre are enshrined by the the Japanese as 'martyr's.
		From deleting Nanjing Massacre from hsitory books to completely deny the Massacre, Japanese now even poised themselves as the saviours of the Asian nations.
	www.centurychina.com /wiihist/njmassac (226 words)

	Nanjing rally commemorates Nanjing Massacre anniversary_china_English_Sina
		A ceremony commemorating the 67th anniversary of the Nanjing Massacre has been held in East China's Nanjing City.
		NANJING, Dec. 13(Xinhuanet)-- Sirens wailed at 10:00 Monday morning in this capital city of east China's Jiangsu Province to commenmorate the 67th anniversary of the Nanjing Massacre.
		On behalf of Nanjing's citizens, Nanjing University student Chen Li read the Nanjing Peace Manifesto, which recalls the history about the astrocity and expresses the citizens' determination to make their own contributions to the world peace.
	english.sina.com /china/p/1/2004/1213/13622.html (253 words)

	Nanjing Travel Guide: Nanjing Hotel, Map, Climate, Pictures,Tour...
		Nanjing Travel Guide: Nanjing Hotel, Map, Climate, Pictures,Tour...
		History: Nanjing is a famous ancient capital in China, the capital of 10 dynasties; it is one of the historical and cultural cities in the world; also known as "Jinling", "Tianjing", "Stone City", etc, it was named Nanjing in Ming dynasty, being called "Ning" for short
		The Memorial Hall to the Victims in the Nanjing Massacre
	www.travelchinaguide.com /cityguides/nanjing.htm (295 words)

	Writing a Good History About the Nanjing Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A good history about the Nanjing Massacre should also employ source materials from all sides involved, not just the survivors and observers, but also, and probably more importantly, the participants.
		At issue is the question of the "body count." China insists that the Japanese massacred more than 300,000 Chinese people in Nanjing, while those Japanese scholars who firmly believe that the Massacre did happen, have a more or less lower figure.
		Morally, I appreciate Chang’s attempt to refresh our memories of the Nanjing Massacre, even though she failed to understand Akira Kurosawa’s intent in his Rashomon, which is to problematize the past, but not to assume that any one narrative is more "objective" or more "authoritative" than others.
	www.aasianst.org /Viewpoints/gan.htm (760 words)

	Japanese Army's Atrocities -- Nanjing Massacre
		This is an archive for the historical documents and still photography related to the the Nanjing Massacre, and other atrocities committed by Japanese army in China during WW II.
		Japanese Imperialism and the Massacre in Nanjing (in English, translated from the HXWZ special issue by Robert Gray)
		The 60th Anniversary of the Nanking Massacre Princeton University
	www.cnd.org /NJMassacre (361 words)

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